孕产期心理干预研究进展

孕产期心理干预包括健康教育、心理咨询、个体认知疗法、团体干预等方式。随着积极心理学在临床上的应用日益广泛,心理干预的对象逐渐由阳性症状孕产妇扩大到正常孕产妇,干预也由单一的一种方式扩大到多种方式相结合的综合性心理干预;预防性心理干预、团体心理干预和科学性心理干预方式在心理治疗中是新的研究方向和发展趋势;正念训练是个体认知疗法、团体干预和预防性心理干预的有机结合,已成为目前国内外心理干预研究中新的尝试和探索。     

强化躯干核心肌群对脑卒中患者躯干控制平衡步行及日常生活能力的康复效果

目的 探讨躯干核心肌群训练的强度对脑卒中患者躯干控制、平衡步行及日常生活能力的康复效果。方法 选择2017年4月至2018年3月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院康复医学科住院治疗的90例脑卒中偏瘫患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A、B、C组,每组各30例,3组患者均在常规治疗基础上联合不同强度的躯干核心肌群训练,其中A组每天训练1次,B组每天训练2次,C组每天训练3次,每次训练30 min,每周5天,共训练3个月。3组患者治疗1个月、2个月和3个月时采用躯干控制能力测试（TCT）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）评价躯干控制能力,采用步行功能评级（FAC）评定平衡步行功能、采用日常生活能力（MBI）评定日常生活能力。比较3组患者上述评分差异。结果 治疗前3组患者躯干控制能力、平衡步行功能和生活能力评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,3组患者治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后躯干控制、平衡步行和日常生活能力评分均逐渐提高,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;且在1~3个月期间躯干控制和平衡能力评分C组高于B组,B组高于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,但3个月时差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组患者步行和日常生活能力在1个月期间组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但1个月后C组较B组,B组较A组均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 强化躯干核心肌力量可以显著提高患者躯干控制、平衡步行和日常生活能力,缩短康复时间。     

Trends in leisure time physical activity,smoking, body mass index and alcohol consumption in Danish adults with and without diabetes: A repeat cross-sectional national survey covering the years 2000 to 2010

Aims

In recent decades there has been an increased focus on non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in leisure time physical activity (PA), smoking, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption reported in 2000, 2005 and 2010 by Danish subjects with diabetes.

Methods

Data comprised level of leisure time PA (inactive; moderate active; medium active; high active); smoking; BMI; and alcohol consumption, provided by The Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys. Participants older than 45 years with or without diabetes were included from cross-sectional analyses from 2000, 2005 and 2010.

Results

In participants with diabetes, leisure time PA levels increased from 2000 to 2010: The percentage of those that were physically active increased from 53.5% to 78.2% (p < 0.001; women) and from 67.8% to 79.1% (p = 0.01; men). The prevalence of daily smokers was reduced from 27.2% to 16.4%, p = 0.015, in women with diabetes. In men with diabetes, BMI increased from 27.2 ± 4.0 to 28.6 ± 5.1 kg m⁻², p = 0.003, and men who exceeded the maximum recommendation for alcohol consumption increased from 9.4% to 19.0%, p = 0.007. The leisure time PA level was reduced in participants with diabetes compared to participants without diabetes throughout the study.

Conclusions

The percentage of physically active Danish participants older than 45 years with diabetes increased from 2000 to 2010, and the most beneficial trends in life style were observed among the women. These trends may have serious implications for cardiovascular risk in Danish patients with diabetes.     

Hospital to Home: A Geriatric Educational Program on Effective Discharge Planning

There has been increased attention on the needs of the burgeoning older adult population, with focus on the limited education and training experiences available in geriatric care. Older adults transitioning between levels of care often require increased attention, and the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Task Force on the Future of Geriatric Medicine has encouraged greater training opportunities be provided to better understand the needs of this population. The Hospital to Home Program is one model of geriatric training emphasizing many of the AGS recommendations. Through qualitative analyses of 51 internal medicine residents’ reflections, the authors report how this educational program is meeting the above need and share how Hospital to Home is enhancing residents’ skills in creating a safe discharge for geriatric patients and their families.     

Isokinetic training – its radiographic and inflammatory effects on chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial

Background:Isokinetic training (IKT) and core stabilization training (CST) are commonly used for balance training in musculoskeletal conditions. The knowledge about the effective implementation of these training protocols on radiological and biochemical effects in university football players with chronic low back pain (LBP) is lacking.Objective:To find and compare the effects of isokinetic training and CST on radiological and biochemical effects in university football players with chronic LBP.Design:Randomized, double-blinded controlled study.Setting:University hospital.Participants:60 LBP participants were randomized into isokinetic group (IKT; n = 20), core stabilization group (CST; n = 20) and the control group (n = 20) and received respective exercises for 4 weeks.Outcome measures:Radiological (muscle cross sectional area & muscle thickness) and biochemical (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor -α, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6) values were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks (immediate effect).Results:The reports of the IKT, CST and control group were compared between the groups. Four weeks following training IKT group shows more significant changes in muscle cross sectional area (Psoas Major, Quadratus Lumborum, Multifidus and Erector Spinae muscles) and muscle thickness (Multifidus) than CST and control groups (p < 0.001). Biochemical measures such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor -α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 also show significant improvement in IKT group than the other 2 groups (P < .001).Conclusion:Training through Isokinetic is an effective treatment program than conventional exercise programs in the aspect of radiological and biochemical analysis in university football players with chronic LBP, which may also help to prevent further injury. The present study can be used to improve the physical therapist''s knowledge and clinical decision skills on LBP in football players.     

超声引导液压松解盂肱关节囊联合康复训练治疗冻结肩的临床效果

目的评价可视化超声引导下液压松解盂肱关节囊治疗冻结肩的有效性及安全性。资料与方法纳入55例冻结肩患者,其中Ⅰ期患者17例,Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ期15例,在可视超声实时引导下,穿刺针经肩关节后斜上方路径液压松解盂肱关节囊,松解治疗后联合同步肩关节康复训练。初次治疗及末次治疗后4周应用肩关节功能评分(Constant-Murley)评定其治疗效果的有效性及安全性。结果55例冻结肩患者Constant-Murley评分均有效,其中评分为优37例,良18例。37例评优的冻结肩患者中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分别为15例(88.2%)、13例(56.5%)、9例(60.0%)。18例评良的冻结肩患者中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分别为2例(11.7%)、10例(43.4%)、6例(40.0%)。各期冻结肩患者治疗前后Constant-Murley评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中Ⅰ期冻结肩患者疗效显著,治疗后1周疼痛及关节活动度基本缓解,4周内症状基本消失。所有患者均在超声引导下一次性穿刺成功,治疗过程中所有患者均能耐受,未发生明显不适及并发症。结论超声引导下液压松解盂肱关节囊治疗冻结肩安全、有效,本穿刺路径治疗联合系统的肩关节康复训练有效提高冻结肩的治疗效果。     

Independent and combined effect of home-based progressive resistance training and nutritional supplementation on muscle strength,muscle mass and physical function in dynapenic older adults with low protein intake: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWith the aging phenomenon, there is growing interest in developing effective strategies to counteract dynapenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength. The positive effect of progressive resistance training on muscle strength is well known, however, the effect of nutritional supplementation or its synergistic effect along with exercise on muscle strength is not a consensus in the literature, especially in populations with low protein intake.MethodsWe analyzed the muscle strength (handgrip strength and sit-to-stand test), muscle mass, body mass index, insulin resistance, and physical function (gait speed, timed up & go test, and single-leg-stance test) of 69 dynapenic older adults with low protein intake, before and after the intervention period of three months. The participants were randomly allocated into four groups: resistance training, supplementation, resistance training plus supplementation, and control.ResultsThere was a significant group x time interaction on the following outcome measures: handgrip strength (p < 0.001), gait speed (p = 0.023), and sit-to-stand test (p < 0.001). Considering the outcomes that showed a significant difference between and within groups, only the resistance training group and the resistance training plus supplementation group showed a large effect size in handgrip strength, gait speed, and sit-to-stand test, whereas the supplementation group showed a moderate effect size in gait speed. After the intervention period, there was no difference between the resistance training and the resistance training plus supplementation groups.ConclusionThis study reinforces the value of resistance training in improving muscle strength. The nutritional supplementation added no further benefits in this specific population.Registration number at the Brazilian registry of clinical trials: RBR-4HRQJF.     

Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity

This paper describes the history and current structure of the Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT) [Institute for Therapy Research] in Munich, as well as major research topics and factors which might contribute to a creative structure and atmosphere for innovative research in the addiction field. The institute was founded in 1973 as a non‐profit non‐governmental organization (NGO) with a focus on applied research. Starting with behaviour therapy‐based development and evaluation of programmes for alcohol, illicit drugs and smoking and the evaluation of treatment services, the institute gradually expanded its topics, covering prevention (1985) and epidemiology and policy evaluation (1990), and participated throughout this period in the development of guidelines and screening, diagnostic and clinical instruments. Later, the IFT tried to bridge the gap between basic sciences, applied research, health‐care services and health policy, with a network of national and international contacts, including its own university engagements and collaborations with foreign research groups and national and European Union (EU) agencies. Possible creativity‐promoting factors on the institutional and individual levels are discussed, e.g. the collaboration of experienced senior researchers with carefully selected innovative doctoral students, considerable in‐house and external training of young researchers and the early participation and presentation of their work at international conferences, independence from stakeholders in the field and the refusal of project funds which require external clearance of publications.