超声造影在乳腺局灶性病变中的应用

目的探讨超声造影在乳腺肿块良、恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法应用超声造影观察48例女性乳腺肿块患者肿块内造影剂灌注特点及增强程度,并用时间一强度分析软件（ACQ）进行分析。结果良性肿块80．65％（25,31）表现为轻中度增强,ACQ曲线转折处多较圆钝,呈单向;恶性肿块88．24％（15／17）呈明显增强,ACQ曲线转折处多较锐利,呈多相。良性肿块达峰强度、增强强度、斜率低于恶性组（t=5．89、5．50、6．15,P均〈0．05）;达峰时间、增强时间、到达时间高于恶性组（t=-4．62、9．14、2．18,P均〈0．05）。结论超声造影提高了超声对乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别能力。     

Efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma by changing the acoustic environment: microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: According to our inclusion criteria, we retrospectively reviewed 52 patients with HCCs, and divided them into SonoVue group and TACE group. Tumors were examined by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Change of lesions, alpha-fetoprotein values, hepatic and renal function were measured pre- and postoperatively. Then, adverse events were observed and clinical follow-up was performed.

Results: Clinical efficacy and the majority of treatment parameters were similar, except for time and energy required for the first massive grey-scale changes in SonoVue group, which were significantly lower than those in TACE group (p?<?.05). For adverse events, only rate of fever (3.85%) in SonoVue group was significantly lower than that in TACE group (50.00%, p?<?.05). The ‘diagnosis and treatment cycle’ in SonoVue group (11.5?±?2.9) was remarkably shorter than TACE group (22.7?±?6.3, p?<?.05). Energy efficiency factor was positively correlated with distance from the deepest layer of lesion to the hepatic capsule or to the abdominal wall in SonoVue group, while that was negatively correlated with iodized oil deposition in TACE group.

Conclusion: Using microbubble (SonoVue) in HIFU procedure has a similar therapeutic effect compared with TACE, and does not increase the risk of treatment. It might present a new strategy in clinical treatment, especially for patients with a smaller diameter of HCC.     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect liver metastases

Background/aims The advent of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has called into question the efficacy of standard ultrasonographic techniques. In this study, we evaluated B-mode and color-duplex imaging and CEUS in the detection of liver metastases, using intraoperative and histological findings as a reference. Materials and methods Before laparotomy, 108 patients suspected of having liver metastases were prospectively examined with B-mode and color-duplex imaging, followed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (2.4 ml SonoVue). Patients with unresectable tumors (n=8) were excluded from the analysis. The sonographic diagnosis in the remaining 100 patients was compared to the intraoperative and histological findings. Results/findings CEUS improved the sensitivity for detecting liver lesions from 56.3% (B-mode) to 83.8% (CEUS) (p=0.004). In particular, the contrast agent led to an improvement in ultrasonographic detection in the following cases: nodular metastases smaller than one centimeter; after adjuvant chemotherapy; for tumors near the surface of the liver; and for lesions situated around the ligamentum teres. Interpretation/conclusions CEUS provides significant improvement in the detection of liver metastases, and should therefore, be performed routinely in the surveillance of cancer patients. Dr. Konopke and Dr. Kersting contributed equally to this work.     

超声造影对乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别诊断的价值

目的 探讨超声造影在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用普通超声及SonoVue(声诺维,注射用六氟化硫微泡)超声造影分别对65例(70个肿块)乳腺肿块进行检查,通过增强程度、增强模式、增强时病灶边界是否清晰、消退模式等指标来判定包块的良、恶性,并与术后病理结果进行比较.结果 病理学诊断系良性病变37例,恶性病变28例,超声造影检查的敏感性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于普通超声检查(P<0.05),而在特异性及误诊率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).超声造影显示70个病灶均有不同程度增强,其中78.6%(22/28)恶性肿瘤表现为明显增强,75.0%(21/28)为结节状不均匀增强85.7%(24/28)病灶边界不清楚、不规则,周边呈放射状增强;而良性肿块增强较弱,均匀增强,病灶边界较清晰,成团状,仅有18.9%(7/37)病灶边界不清楚,与恶性肿块比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).消退期,良、恶性病灶均呈现均匀或不均匀消退,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.791).结论 与普通超声相比,超声造影对鉴别诊断乳腺良、恶性肿块的价值更高.     

超声造影在卵巢肿瘤及卵巢蒂扭转诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声造影诊断卵巢肿瘤及卵巢蒂扭转的声像学特征及临床应用价值。方法采用对比剂Sonovue及低机械指数成像技术对32例怀疑卵巢肿瘤及卵巢蒂扭转的患者进行超声造影检查,分析其造影特点并与手术病理结果对照。结果 32例患者术后3例卵巢复活成功,其中常规彩色多普勒超声检查2例肿块周边及内部探及少量血流信号,超声造影检查5例病灶内见对比剂充填,表现为增强早期呈不均匀低增强,增强水平低于子宫肌层,增强晚期呈明显低增强。彩色多普勒超声与超声造影两种检查对诊断卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转之间具有一定程度的一致性(κ=0.529,P=0.248)。结论卵巢肿瘤及卵巢蒂扭转超声造影增强模式具有特征性,可显示内部组织缺血坏死的改变,较彩色多普勒对内部有无血供更敏感,为诊断提供更准确的信息,增加诊断信心。     

输卵管妊娠的超声造影表现

目的了解输卵管妊娠在超声造影时的表现,探讨此技术的临床应用价值。方法采用造影剂SonoVue及CnTI实时造影技术,对60例疑似输卵管妊娠病例进行造影检查,总结其声像表现并与手术病理对照分析。结果33例手术诊断为输卵管妊娠,8例临床诊断输卵管妊娠。病灶超声造影时可表现为Donut环呈均匀或不均匀强化,附件区见长圆形薄壁状回声增强等3种。结论不同类型输卵管妊娠病灶在超声造影时表现不同,可在一定程度上反映其病理改变。     

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in combination with SonoVue induces cytotoxicity of human renal glomerular endothelial cells via repression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Objectives: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and SonoVue have been used widely for diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. The effects of LIPUS and SonoVue on the microvascular system and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been established.

Methods: Cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were treated with 5-min ultrasonic irradiation, 20% SonoVue or the combination of both treatments. Cell proliferation, viablity, and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay, Trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) were examined by Western blot.

Results: We found that LIPUS and SonoVue alone do not induce cytotoxicity of HRGECs; however, the combination of the two treatments reduces cell proliferation and increases cell death. In addition, the combination of LIPUS and SonoVue suppressed the activation of ERK 1/2 in HRGRCs. With pretreatment of the inhibitor of ERK1/2 signaling, PD98059, LIPUS, and SonoVue does not induce additional cell death and inhibition of proliferation.

Conclusions: LIPUS combined with SonoVue induces cytotoxicity of HRGECs via repression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.     

超声造影在子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声造影在子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对56例子宫肌瘤及23例子宫腺肌病患者进行超声造影检查。结果子宫肌瘤表现为假包膜内血管首先灌注呈环状高增强，并分支进入瘤体内部，随后整个瘤体表现为均匀或不均匀高增强，变性坏死区无增强。造影后期，瘤体内部造影剂消退较正常肌层快呈低增强，而假包膜消退相对较慢始终呈稍高增强，有明显包膜感。子宫腺肌病表现为多条血管呈不规则分支状进入病灶内，整个病灶区肌层呈不均匀高增强。造影后期呈不均匀稍低增强，边界不清，无包膜感。结论子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病超声造影表现明显不同，将为两者的鉴别诊断提供更加准确的信息。     

声学造影在不全流产诊断中的应用

目的探讨新型造影剂声诺维及实时灰阶造影匹配成像技术对早孕不全流产的诊断价值。方法对31例不全流产的患者,采用新型造影剂声诺维及实时造影匹配成像技术进行超声造影,观察病灶区的造影剂灌注过程及造影后声像图特点。所有患者造影后刮宫,刮出物送病理检查。结果残留物为绒毛及蜕膜组织时超声造影可见局灶性血流灌注异常丰富区,残留组织表现为不均匀强化;机化组织则表现为点条状血流灌注;而凝血块或变性坏死组织造影时无血流灌注呈无回声。结论超声造影技术在不全流产的诊断及鉴别诊断中具有较大的应用价值。