MEBO治疗额颞部软组织缺损疗效观察

目的观察湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗额颞部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对18例额颞部软组织缺损患者采用MEBO进行治疗,观察创面愈后瘢痕形成、面部外观及功能变化等情况。结果 18例患者创面愈合时间最短为12 d,最长为25 d;随访1个月~2年,除5例患者失访外,其余13例患者的面部外观及功能均恢复正常,愈后皮肤仅留有轻度色素沉着,皮肤弹性较好。结论MEBO治疗额颞部软组织缺损创面,操作方法简便,疗效显著,费用低廉,是治疗面部软组织缺损的有效疗法,有很好的临床应用前景。     

磁共振氢质子波谱评价无水乙醇消融治疗兔软组织VX2肿瘤疗效

目的：利用磁共振氢质子波谱（^1 H-MRS）来评价无水乙醇消融治疗兔软组织VX2肿瘤的疗效。方法：15只新西兰大白兔,雌雄不限,体重2．5-3．0 kg,在其右侧大腿内侧注射VX2肿瘤组织悬浮液各约0．2 mL,制备成荷瘤兔,于肿瘤组织接种后第14天行常规磁共振扫描,及氢质子波谱成像扫描,采用单体素（SVS）点分辨表面定位序列（PRESS）扫描,TR 1500 ms,TE 144 ms,激励次数8。扫描后第2天在磁共振导引及监视下行无水乙醇注射消融治疗。消融治疗后分别于第7、10天再行常规磁共振扫描及 MRS扫描,扫描参数与术前一致。观察磁共振常规扫描术前与术后肿瘤信号特点的变化;术前与术后 MRS波谱扫描谱线的质量、特点分析;比较术前与术后Cho/Lipid峰高值和峰下面积的比值,将扫描所得的数据利用机器自带的functool功能软件在磁共振扫描仪上进行分析,利用SPSS 17．0软件包进行统计分析。结果：术前肿瘤组织呈等信号或稍低信号（T1 WI）和明显的高信号（T2 WI）,术前肿瘤组织Cho 峰为第一高峰,Lipid 峰为第二高峰,Cr峰为最小峰;而术后消融坏死的肿瘤组织Lipid峰变为第一高峰,Cho 峰较术前明显下降而成为第二高峰,Cr 峰还是最小峰;术前Cho/Lipid峰高值的比值为1．2539±0．3537,峰下面积的比值为1．1357±0．2684;术后7天和10天Cho/Lipid峰高值的比值分别为0．3027±0．1132,0．3125±0．1087;峰下面积的比值分别为0．2589±0．1086,0．2673±0．1145。术后Cho/Lipid峰高值和峰下面积的比值较术前均明显降低,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：磁共振氢质子波谱用来评价无水乙醇消融治疗兔软组织VX2肿瘤的疗效有意义,治疗早期肿瘤实质的Cho峰较术前明显下降,Cho/Lipid峰高值和峰下面积的比值较术前明显降低。     

Hyperbaric oxygen as adjuvant therapy in the management of necrotizing fasciitis

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon but serious infection of fascia and skin associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. One modality proposed for improving the outcome of this condition is hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. This is a form of medical treatment that involves intermittent inhalation of 100% oxygen under pressures exceeding the atmosphere. The aim of this article is to review current practice and evidence for the use of HBO as adjunctive therapy in the management of NF. METHODS: A survey of published English literature through searches of Medline and PubMed was carried out using the following key words: "necrotizing fasciitis," "Fournier's gangrene," "necrotizing soft tissue infections," "hyperbaric oxygen therapy," "and hyperbaric oxygen chambers." RESULTS: The results of studies on the use of HBO therapy in NF are inconsistent. Some studies have demonstrated that HBO can improve patient survival and decrease the number of debridements required to achieve wound control, whereas others have failed to show any beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS: Encouraging results have been achieved with the addition of HBO therapy to standard treatment regimes, thus justifying further research in this field. More robust evidence by way of a prospective randomized trial is necessary before widespread and routine use of HBO in the management of NF can be recommended.     

Soft Tissue Management in Open Fractures of the Lower Leg: The Role of Vacuum Therapy

Abstract   The management of severe open fractures of the lower leg continues to challenge the treating surgeon. Major difficulties include high infection rates as well as adequate temporary soft tissue coverage. In the past, these injuries were commonly associated with loss of the extremity. Today, vacuum therapy provides not only safe temporary wound coverage but also conditioning of the soft tissues until definitive wound closure. Amongst other advantages, bacterial clearance and increased formation of granulation tissue are attributed to vacuum therapy, making it an extremely attractive tool in the field of wound healing. However, despite its clinical significance, which is underlined by a constantly increasing range of indications, there is a substantial lack of basic research and well-designed studies documenting the superiority of vacuum therapy compared to alternative wound dressings. Vacuum therapy has been approved as an adjunct in the treatment of severe open fractures of the lower leg, complementing repeated surgical debridement and soft tissue coverage by microvascular flaps, which are still crucial in the treatment of these limb-threatening injuries. Vacuum therapy has in general proven useful in the management of soft tissue injuries and, since it is generally well tolerated and has low complication rates, it is fast becoming the gold standard for temporary wound coverage in the treatment of severe open fractures of the lower leg.     

Angiomyolipoma arising in the thigh

A 41-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic mass in the right medial thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-demarcated, 10-cm mass in the right adductor muscles. The margins of the mass exhibited high signal intensity and the rest showed low or iso signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images. However, the high signal intensity was decreased on T2-weighted images with fat suppression. The central part of the tumor was of inhomogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images; after Gd-DTPA injection it enhanced inhomogeneously on T1-weighted images with fat suppression. On dynamic computed tomography (CT) in the arterial phase, there were strongly enhancing spotty areas in the tumor. At surgery, a yellow-whitish tumor was resected and a pathological diagnosis of angiomyolipoma (AML) in the thigh was made. Received: 21 June 1999 Revision requested: 28 July 1999 Revision received: 13 December 1999 Accepted: 15 December 1999     

Atypical adult non-calcified pilomatricoma

We present a rare case of a non-calcified pilomatricoma in a 67-year-old man. This tumor was extremely large in size, and its location, in the lower extremity, was very unusual. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features are described in detail. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of this entity is discussed. Definite internal reticulations and septations were observed. A possible explanation for this observation is that the high signal intensity reticulations may represent edematous stroma surrounding basaloid cells. Received: 8 July 1999 Revision requested: 28 July 1999 Revision received: 10 September 1999 Accepted: 13 September 1999     

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: MR and angiographic findings

Objective. To present the MR and angiographic findings of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). Design and patients. MR examinations (12 tumors of 10 patients) of ASPS performed at multiple hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The tumors were found in the thigh (n=4), lower leg (n=4), femur (n=2, local metastasis), scalp (n=1) and arm (n=1). The MR signal characteristics including signal intensity, homogeneity and signal void of lesions and bony invasion including direct invasion or local metastasis were evaluated. Angiographic findings (n=4) and post-embolotherapy follow-up MR imaging (n=2) findings were also assessed. Results. Local bony metastasis was found in two cases. Seven tumors showed heterogeneous high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images with good enhancement. One tumor had a very high signal on T1-weighted images. Eight tumors (67%) showed numerous signal voids in or near the tumors. All four angiographic studies showed numerous enlarged vessels, arteriovenous shunts and delayed washout. Two cases mimicked arteriovenous malformations on angiographic studies but MR images demonstrated solid soft tissue components as well as tortuous vessels. Conclusions. High signal on T1-weighted image and numerous signal voids are highly suggestive of ASPS, although they are not universal as has been suggested and arteriovenous malformation should be included in the differential diagnosis. Local bony metastases in ASPS were seen in two cases and should be carefully investigated. Received: 12 April 2000 Revision requested: 27 June 2000, 8 August 2000 Revision received: 2 August 2000, 21 August 2000 Accepted: 22 August 2000     

Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue tumors

This article outlines the ability of MR imaging in staging, grading, tissue characterization, and posttherapeutic surveillance of soft tissue tumors. Well-known staging parameters, such as extent, relationship with adjacent structures, and detection of intralesional necrosis, are used in the MR protocol for locoregional staging. Bone scintigraphy and high-resolution CT scan of the lungs are best methods for ruling out metastatic spread. A variety of (solitary or combinations of) grading parameters are described in the radiological literature. The role of MR imaging is to afford recognition of these lesions that need further aggressive work-up, excluding all others. Despite controversial reports, the definite role of MR imaging in grading of soft tissue tumors seems to become established. As for grading, a lot of individual imaging characteristics used for tissue characterization have low sensitivity, but combinations of parameters (age, site, signal intensities) are more useful and often allow to predict a specific diagnosis or to narrow down the list of differential diagnoses. Local recurrences of soft tissue tumors are frequent and can be detected accurately by an easy-to-use MR algorithm.     

Infected chronic hematoma mimicking soft tissue neoplasm

A rare case of an infected chronic hematoma in a patient with immunodeficiency syndrome mimicking a soft tissue neoplasm is presented. There are few reported cases of hematogenous infection of chronic hematomas, which be difficult to differentiate from soft tissue neoplasms.     

Correction of hallux valgus deformity with distal soft tissue realignment and proximal metatarsal osteotomy

Abstract Fifty moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities were corrected with a distal soft tissue realignment and proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy. With an average follow-up of 5.6 years, 40 feet (80%) were pain free and 42 (84%) caused no functional limitation. The average hallux valgus angle improved from 38.2° preoperatively to 12.4° at follow-up. The average intermetatarsal angle improved from 15.4° to 6.8°. The arch of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was 75° preoperatively and 62° at follow-up. According to the AOFAS scoring system, 29 results (58%) were excellent, 14 (28%) good, 2 (4%) fair and 5 (10%) poor. The 5 poor results were attributed to recurrence of hallux valgus (2 cases), stiffness (1), hallux varus (1) and malunion of the osteotomy in dorsiflexion (1). The incidences of hallux varus and malunion in dorsiflexion were 8% and 14%, respectively. This technique is valuable in correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities.