Comparative cardiovascular effects of SNP,ATP and phentolamine during norepinephrine-induced hypertension in dogs

There has been no study comparing the advantage and disadvantage of various antihypertensive agents during surgery for pheochromocytomas because the study is difficult in clinical setting. In the present experiments using dogs, after increasing the arterial blood pressure with norepinephrine, we decreased it to the baseline with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or phentolamine (PE) and compared the hemodynamic changes. A hyperdynamic state was found with ATP and with PE, but not with SNP. The norepinephrine-induced pulmonary hypertension could be successfully treated with SNP, but not with ATP or PE. The reason for these differences are thought to be the different vasodilative properties on peripheral arteries and veins. We conclude that agents that dilates the arteries and veins should be used to regulate the arterial pressure during surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma.(Murata K, Takahashi H, Ikeda K: Comparative cardiovascular effects of SNP, ATP and phentolamine during norepinephrine-induced hypertension in dogs. J Anesth 5: 396–403, 1991)     

旋光法测定注射用头孢呋辛钠的含量

目的　建立一种注射用头孢呋辛钠含量的测定方法。方法　以水为溶剂 ,采用旋光法测定。结果　在 2～ 1 0mg·ml-1的头孢呋辛钠浓度范围内 ,浓度与旋光度值呈良好的线性关系。回归方程 :C =1 4 .74 90α +0 .1 74 2 (r=0 .9999)。平均回收率1 0 0 .4 % ,RSD =1 .36 %。结论　所用方法操作简便、快捷准确 ,适合于该制剂的含量测定     

丙戊酸钠缓释片的制备及其释放度的测定

目的 研制丙戊酸钠缓释片并进行体外释放度测定。方法 采用喷雾干燥法制备丙戊酸钠微囊，通过电镜和X-射线衍射等检测方法对微囊进行质量评价。采用永停滴定法测定丙戊酸钠微囊含量及缓释片的体外释放度。结果 喷雾干燥法制备的丙戊酸钠微囊质量较好，所制缓释片体外释放符合一级动力学过程。结论 运用丙戊酸钠微囊制备缓释片的工艺简便、可靠，体外释放证明有明显的缓释作用。     

苯妥英钠对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨苯妥英钠对实验性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉制作不完全脑缺血 4 5min再灌注 12 0min模型 ,观察苯妥英钠对脑组织ATP酶活性、脑组织线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)活性以及超微结构病理变化的影响。结果 :苯妥英钠可明显增加脑组织ATP酶活性 ,增强SDH的活性 ,并可明显改善损伤病理变化。结论 :苯妥英钠对脑缺血再灌注有保护作用 ,其机制与其提高脑组织ATP酶活性、稳定细胞膜、线粒体膜、保护线粒体功能有关。     

他唑西林与乳酸钠林格氏液配伍稳定性考察

目的：考察哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠与乳酸钠林格氏注射液配伍的稳定性。方法：以HPLC法测定哌拉西林钠和他唑巴坦钠的含量，并考察微粒数和pH值的变化。结果：在1.5h时哌拉西林钠含量90.13%。他唑巴坦钠含量99.8%,2.0h叶哌拉西林和他唑巴坦钠的含量下降至83.34%,98.83%。结论：注射用哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠不宜与乳酸钠林格氏注射液配伍。     

注射用头孢呋辛钠稳定性的研究

目的：探讨注射用头孢呋辛钠的稳定性。方法：通过加速、温度、光照、充氮影响实验，以含量（％）、聚合物（％）、溶液的颜色和澄清度为指标，考察不同原料厂家注射用头孢呋辛钠的稳定性。结果：样品A的含量变化最小，其溶液的澄清度和颜色最好，3个样品的聚合物（％）则相差不大。结论：头孢呋辛钠原料质量是影响产品稳定性的主要因素。     

复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶治疗急性闭合性软组织损伤临床疗效及安全性评价

目的：观察复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶(商品名：欧菜)对急性闭合性软组织损伤的临床疗效和安全性。方法：采用多中心、随机、双盲、阳性药利百素凝胶平行对照研究，共完成72对(144例)。所有病例均为临床确诊的急性闭合性软组织损伤患者，按损伤面积的大小，采用1g凝胶／1％体表面积涂抹在患处，每日4次，疗程14d。结果：治疗前后试验组和对照组静态时疼痛强度、静态时疼痛强度等级、局部压痛强度、局部压痛等级和局部肿胀评估等指标缓解程度的比较有显著统计学意义(P＜0．01)，两组间各单项指标的缓解程度、疗效、有效率及总有效率的比较均无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。治疗后3，7和14d，试验组总有效率分别达17．14％，70.00％和100．00％。对照组总有效率分别达26.39％，70．83％和100．00％。两组各发生1例不良反应，均表现为皮肤发红并见少量小丘疹，不良反应发生率均为1．39％。结论：复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶能安全有效地缓解和消除急性闭合性软组织损伤引起的静态时疼痛、局部压痛和局部胀肿，与利百素凝胶的疗效相当。     

透析液中氯化钾含量测定方法的改进

目的：改进透析液中氯化钾含量测定方法提高回收率。方法：将原方法中四苯硼钠的浓度增加到0．02mol／l。结果：测得的回收率从原来的94．79％增加以100．15％。结论：改进后的方法准确、可靠。     

Calcium-Induced Natriuresis: Physiologic and Clinical Implications

Assessment of the tubular reabsorption of calcium (Ca) by infusion is complicated by suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, and by activation of the serpentine Ca sensing receptor in the renal tubule, which inhibits Ca and sodium reabsorption, but little is known about the magnitude of the natriuretic effect of Ca in human subjects. Accordingly, we reanalyzed the relationship between serum Ca and urine Ca and sodium excretion expressed per unit of creatinine clearance (CaE and NaE), and per unit of time (UCa and UNa), during a standard Ca infusion, in 14 healthy volunteers and in 8 primary hyperparathyroid patients. In healthy subjects we observed a large effect of Ca infusion on NaE, which rose as high as 8 mmol/liter GFR. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism both CaE and NaE during Ca infusion were significantly lower overall than in healthy subjects for comparable values of serum Ca (P < 0.05 by covariance analysis), due mainly to a decline or reversal of the slopes at the highest serum Ca levels. In both controls and primary hyperparathyroid subjects the variance of CaE as dependent variable was explained by both serum Ca and by NaE as independent variables (P < 0.001). We conclude that (1) The natriuretic effect of hypercalcemia was unexpected large and if maintained would lead to substantial depletion of extracellular fluid. (2) Patients with chronic hypercalcemia, including primary hyperparathyroidism, probably have mild sodium depletion, and are more susceptible to volume depletion. (3) Calcium reabsorption during Ca infusion is reduced by suppression of PTH secretion and increased by volume contraction due to sodium depletion. Discrimination between different basal levels of parathyroid function is successful because these effects usually cancel out. (4) The increase in tubular reabsorption of Ca due to volume contraction can initiate a vicious circle, of importance to the pathogenesis and treatment of severe hypercalcemia. Received: 11 May 1999 / Accepted: 13 January 2000     

七叶皂苷钠治疗喘息患者的研究

目的　评价七叶皂苷钠注射液治疗慢性喘息型支气管炎和支气管哮喘的有效性与安全性。方法　将 84例慢性喘息型支气管炎和支气管哮喘患者随机分为 2组 :观察组用七叶皂苷钠 2 0mg加入生理盐水 4 0mL中缓慢静脉注射 ,每日 2次 ;对照组用甲基强的松龙 4 0mg加入生理盐水 4 0mL中静脉注射 ,每日 1次。 2组疗程均为 5d。结果　 2组肺功能改善情况、临床疗效和综合疗效均无显著性差异 (P均 >0 .0 5 ) ,观察组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为12 %和 2 1% ,经相应对症处理后不影响治疗。结论　七叶皂苷钠治疗喘息患者安全、有效。