Effects of social factors on adrenal weight and related physiology of Macaca fascicularis

Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and social subordination have been reported frequently in small mammals; these adrenal changes have been linked to impairments in immune response, glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. Similar studies in primates have produced variable results. The current study was undertaken to illuminate the effects of social status on the adrenal gland and to examine concurrent effects of social variables on other physiological systems in Macaca fascicularis, in an initial exploration of the hypothesis that high and low social status have different physiological consequences. Sixty adult male M. fascicularis were housed in social groups of n = 5, under either stable or unstable social conditions. It was found that subordinate animals had heavier adrenal glands and somewhat higher plasma glucose concentrations than dominants. In contrast, dominants had higher blood pressure and worsened atherosclerosis, under some conditions, than subordinates. These data appear to offer preliminary support for Henry and Stephen's hypothesis of differential arousal of dominant and subordinate animals.     

Comprehensive Assessment of Pain in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Empirical Model

A comprehensive assessment model of variables hypothesized toinfluence pediatric pain perception was empirically investigatedin 23 families who had a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.To determine the effects of family environment, child psychologicaladjustment, and disease parameters on child pain perception,a developmentally appropriate model was developed. Childrenbetween the ages of 5 and 15 were found to be reliable judgesof their pain intensity. Several family environmental and childpsychological factors were found to interact with specific diseaseparameters in determining pediatric pain perception and report.A multidimensional age-appropriate assessment model is suggestedfor use in the further examination of pediatric chronic andrecurrent pain.     

Establishment of social rank among grouped male mice: relative effects on circulating FSH, LH, and corticosterone

Previously-isolated, adult, CF-1 male mice were grouped four per cage, killed after periods of time ranging from one hour to 14 days, and their plasma assayed for corticosterone, FSH and LH. Dominant and subordinate ranks were easily separable after 24 hr for comparison with each other and with isolated controls that were also killed throughout the 14-day experimental period. The one hour responses to grouping, during which all males were fighting intensely to establish rank, included a 5–6 fold increase in plasma corticosterone and concurrent depressions in circulating gonadotropins, 19% for FSH and a dramatic 94% for LH. Plasma corticosterone returned to baselevels between Days 1 and 3 in the case of dominant males and between Days 3 and 6 for subordinates. Adaptation was also observed for FSH in the plasma of dominants but later than that occurring for corticosterone. Plasma FSH in subordinates and circulating LH among both relative ranks were still depressed at the end of the 14-day period. A reciprocal relationship between adrenocortical activity and gonadotropin secretion was thus observed only during the early phases of dominance-subordination establishment; thereafter, secretory patterns for these three hormones functioned independently. Seminal vesicles were little affected by grouping but mean preputial weight increased markedly and progressively among dominant males and decreased with time in subordinates.     

热休克蛋白70对小鼠海马CA3 区神经元损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨心理应激对海马CA3区神经元凋亡的影响,热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)对心理应激引起的海马CA3区神经元凋亡的保护作用。方法:建立心理应激、热应激(Heat Shock Pretreatment)、心理应激加热应激三种动物模型,利用免疫组化和TUNEL分别检测海马CA3区神经元在第1、2、3个月三个时间段的Hsp70表达和神经元凋亡水平。结果:有心理应激的各组动物海马凋亡神经元数高对照组(P<0·05),热应激加心理应激组凋亡神经元在2、3个月时较同时段心理应激组下降(P<0·05),但热应激组与对照组间差异没有显著性。有热应激各组Hsp70表达数高于无热应激的两组(P<0·01)。海马CA3区Hsp70表达水平与神经元调亡水平呈负相关(r=-0·26,P=0·03)。结论:热应激可促进海马Hsp70的表达,热休克蛋白70对心理应激导致的海马CA3区神经元损伤有保护作用。     

糖尿病患者心理健康状况的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者心理健康状况的影响因素。方法对山西省4个地区8个调查点的2132名城乡居民，其中包括139名糖尿病患者，进行问卷调查，了解其一般情况以及情绪状况、社会支持等社会心理因素。结果单因素分析发现，糖尿病患者的焦虑情绪高于非糖尿病者，对社会支持中的家庭资源的利用也不及非糖尿病者；多因素发现，影响糖尿病患者心理健康状况的因素有地区、性别、年龄、经济收入、焦虑以及抑郁等；结论糖尿病患者心理健康状况的影响因素既涉及地区、性别、年龄、经济收入等一般状况，也与患者的情绪障碍的社会支持有密切关系。临床应根据不同的影响因素进行有效牙心理干预。     

Ring chromosome 15 and 15qs+ mosaic: Clinical and cytogenetic behaviour spanning 29 years

A phenotypic female with mild mental retardation, minor facial anomalies, and short stature has been evaluated clinically and cytogenetically over 29 years. At age 59, she remains physically well and shows no signs of dementia. Cytogenetic analysis, performed on peripheral blood specimens on 10 occasions between 1961 and 1990, showed mosaicism with one cell line containing a large stable ring (15) chromosome and another cell line without the ring but with a 15qs +. The different cell lines remained constant. The case provides information on the natural history of the ring chromosome 15 syndrome.     

Behavior of 3-year-old children in a prospective randomized trial of reduced saturated fat and cholesterol diet since infancy: The strip baby project

Interventions aimed at decreased exposure of children to known atherosclerosis risk factors may have untoward behavioral side effects. We examined how children’s behavior or parent’s perception of the behavior of the children at 3 years of age was influenced by the intervention in a prospective randomized trial that began in infancy and effectively decreased scrum cholesterol concentration. This Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for babies (STRIP) began when the infant was 7 months old. Half of 1.062 children received individualized dietary counseling at 1-to 3-month intervals during the first 2 years of age and then half-yearly; the other half had an unrestricted diet. At 3 years of age a standardized questionnaire of the child’s behavior was sent to 791 families (76% returned the questionnaire). At the onset of the trial the sociodemographic data of the families and scrum lipid values of the intervention and control children were similar. Later, mean serum cholesterol values of the intervention children remained constantly at a level 6% to 10% below the values of the control children. At 3 years of age the parental perceptions of the child’s behavior suggested minimal differences between the intervention and control children. The intervention children were slightly less jealous and more active and creative, but showed slightly more negative signs of behavior (bed-wetting, problems in falling asleep, fears) than the controls. We conclude that long-term, individualized dietary and lifestyle intervention that begins in infancy slightly influences children’s behavior or parent’s recognition of the behavior of the children at the age of 3 years. This work was supported in part by grants from the Varsinais-Suomi Regional Fund of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, the Academy of Finland, and the Alli Paasikivi Foundation.     

难治性便秘综合治疗及影响因素的评价

目的评价综合治疗对难治性便秘的疗效及影响因素。方法将84例难治性便秘分为非重叠组和重叠组。应用个体化综合治疗4周,观察便秘症状评分变化及总有效率,分析IC患者的重叠症状和心理障碍状态对疗效的影响。结果(1)84例便秘患者中,重叠组和非重叠组分别占40.5%和59.5%。(2)重叠组和非重叠组的总有效率分别为50.0%和78.0%(P<0.05)。(3)对37例IC患者的心理测试调查显示,59.4%(22/37)有心理障碍状态,重叠组和非重叠组伴有心理障碍状态对治疗的总有效率分别为4.8%和31.5%(P<0.05)。结论适合个体化的综合治疗使多数难治性便秘缓解症状,但伴有重叠症状,尤其心理障碍状态则影响疗效。     

Selective cytotoxic lesions of the retrohippocampal region produce a mild deficit in social recognition memory

Although a number of studies have implicated the hippocampal formation in social recognition memory in the rat, a recent study in this laboratory has demonstrated that selective cytotoxic lesions, confined to the hippocampus proper (encompassing the four CA subfields and the dentate gyrus), are without effect on this behaviour. This finding suggests that the hippocampus proper does not subserve social recognition memory in the rat, but does not preclude the possibility that other areas of the hippocampal formation, such as the entorhinal cortex or subiculum, could support this form of learning. The present study addressed this issue by examining the effects of selective cytotoxic retrohippocampal (RHR) lesions (including both the entorhinal cortex and subiculum) on social recognition memory in the rat. RHR lesions produced a mild social recognition memory impairment, although lesioned animals still displayed a reduction in investigation time between the first and second exposure to the juvenile. This result is consistent with other studies which have implicated the retrohippocampal or parahippocampal area in olfactory recognition memory processes. It also suggests, however, that other areas, out with the retrohippocampal region, are also likely to play an important role in social recognition memory.     

关于孔子心理学思想的认识

本文根据心理学的基本观点，讨论了孔子的心理学思想，着重讨论了孔子学习心理学思想，普通心理学的思想，社会心理学的思想，建议我们应继承和发扬我国优秀的文化遗产和传统，挖掘其积极价值，促进我国心理学的发展。