Male mice lacking the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) display elevated preference for conspecific odors and increased social investigatory behaviors

Previously, we generated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor null mutant mice (GRP-R-deficient mice), and found that these animals displayed increased non-aggressive social responses in an ordinary social interaction test using a resident-intruder method. In the present study, we examined in more detail the social behaviors of GRP-R-deficient male mice. In social interaction tests, GRP-R-deficient mice showed more social responses, such as sniffing and nosing, relative to wild-type mice, and similar results were obtained whether GRP-R-deficient mice served as intruders or residents. In the same way, they showed more contact behaviors toward an anesthetized conspecific, and less locomotor activity than wild-type mice in a social investigation test toward an anesthetized male mouse. Since olfactory systems play important roles in the social behavior of rodents, olfactory preference tests were conducted in order to evaluate the olfactory properties of GRP-R-deficient mice. The results suggest that no differences exist between wild-type mice and GRP-R-deficient mice in the preference between a novel sawdust odor and their own odor, or that of other male mice. However, GRP-R-deficient mice preferred the odor of other male mice to their own, in contrast to wild-type mice. Furthermore, the preferences of GRP-R-deficient and wild-type mice were not disrupted by intraperitoneal infusion of diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). These results indicate that neither the motion, nor the behavior of conspecifics, nor reduced anxiety lead to the increased non-aggressive social responses and/or social investigatory behaviors in GRP-R-deficient mice. Rather, these latter behaviors may be a consequence of altered cognition of conspecific odors in the mutant mice.     

复方溴氯海因消毒剂性能的试验观察

目的　研究复方溴氯海因消毒剂的性能。　方法　在实验室我们分别进行悬液定量杀灭试验、稳定性试验、毒性试验。　结果　复方溴氯海因消毒剂为含溴氯海因的片剂 ,含有效氯 471g/kg ,以含复方溴氯海因消毒剂 1:2 0 0 0(g/ml)的稀释液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌分别作用 5、10min的杀灭对数值各次均大于 5 .0 0。含复方溴氯海因消毒剂 1:2 0 0 (g/ml)的稀释液对白色念珠菌作用 10min的杀灭对数值各次均大于 4.0 0。现场试验表明 ,消毒效果好。该片剂置 3 7℃温箱 90d后 ,其有效氯含量下降率 1.74%。毒性试验显示 ,急性经口毒性试验表明该片剂属实际无毒 ;无刺激性 ;微核试验结果为阴性 ;2 0 0mg/kg·bw为最大未观察到有害作用剂量 ,10 0 0mg/kg·bw为最小观察到有害作用剂量。　结论　复方溴氯海因消毒剂属于一类杀菌广谱、高效、无毒、稳定性好的消毒剂。     

中国民营医院发展现状与趋势研究

采用文献分析法对我国民营医院的发展现状和趋势进行分析,结果认为我国民营医院发展速度较快,但规模偏小、医疗市场份额低,整体水平还远不具备与公立医院分庭抗衡的实力;在发展和政策支持上民营医院地区间发展不平衡,东部优于中西部;民营医院的发展面临空前大好的政策环境,以公有制医疗机构为主体,多种所有制形式与经营方式并存,公平竞争、共同发展的医疗服务体系新格局开始逐步形成.     

Quality of life in tuberculosis: Patient and provider perspectives

Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent problem in the United States; however, little is known about its impact on functioning and quality of life (QOL) among people with TB. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of TB on patients' QOL by using focus groups to assess the domains of QOL that are affected. Participants included patients (n = 10) who received treatment for active TB and physicians (n = 4) and nurses (n = 9) caring for patients with TB at a public health clinic in Baltimore, Maryland. TB affected all predicted domains of QOL, including general health perceptions, somatic sensation, psychological health, spiritual well-being, and physical, social and role functioning. Social stigmatization, isolation, pill burden, long duration of therapy, sexual dysfunction, loss of income, and fear were additional specific problems related to TB. Surprisingly, 11% (33) of the comments described benefits of TB illness, including increased spirituality and improved life perspectives. In addition, four additional QOL domains and three elements of treatment specific to TB which substantially impact QOL were identified. While patients and clinicians both identified issues in many areas of QOL, only patients mentioned the impact on sexual function, spirituality and improved life perspectives. Despite available curative therapy, TB and its treatment still have significant short and long-term consequences on patients' QOL.     

社会工作对医疗纠纷的介入初探

当前医疗纠纷事件频繁发生，其解决主要还是通过法律调解、行政仲裁以及医患双方直接协商解决等传统方式。作为一种以利他主义为指导的专业助人服务活动，社会工作则提供了一种介入医疗纠纷问题的新的视角，而且独具的性质、专业的理念和科学的方法充分保证了其所拥有的优势和可行性，但是这种新的介入方式在我国的发展还面临着诸多困难。     

大学生心理健康与应对方式及社会支持的相关分析

目的探讨大学生应对方式及社会支持与心理健康的关系,以便更好地开展心理健康教育。方法对临沂师范学院的216名大学生采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查。结果主观支持与抑郁、焦虑、恐怖及精神病性呈显著负相关(P<0.05),自责与焦虑、抑郁,幻想与强迫、人际关系敏感,合理化与躯体化、人际关系敏感呈显著相关(P值均<0.05),幻想与焦虑、抑郁、敌对及精神病性,合理化与敌对、焦虑、精神病性呈非常显著正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论大学生存有较多的心理问题,更多使用不成熟或混合型应对方式,其心理健康状况与社会支持及应对方式密切相关。     

对我国医疗器械不良事件监测技术体系工作机制和能力的初步调查

目的：调查我国医疗器械不良事件监测技术体系的使命、基本概念、工作机制和能力，并提出看法和建议；方法：采用文献收集、专题小组讨论、重要知情人采用深入访谈等方法定性研究监测技术体系的使命、工作机制和能力。结果：医疗器械不良事件监测技术体系的使命是通过发现、干预危害公众健康的医疗器械不良事件，减少医疗器械不良事件的反复发生，降低患者、使用者和其它人员使用医疗器械产品的风险；医疗器械不良事件监测技术体系应包括掌握医疗器械不良事件发生状况和发展趁势等七大职能主要是通过对上市后医疗器械不良事件发生模式的描述，发生频率的测量，发生原因的分析、发生趋势的预测、监测技术工作分析总结来开展工作，医疗器械不良事件监测技术工作过程应包括报告收集、分析、解释、反馈四个基本环节，结论：明确使命，确定职能、以科学发展观统领医疗器械不良事件监测技术工作，是有效开展监测技术工作的重要前提。     

职业伤害的社会经济影响因素研究

目的分析某大型化纤集团公司职业伤害的社会经济影响因素。方法采用1∶2配对病例对照研究,应用单因素条件Logistic、主成分分析以及主成分条件Logistic回归对病例与对照的有关社会经济影响因素进行统计分析。结果单因素分析结果有显著性的变量为年龄、性别、文化程度、就业类型、技术等级、就业地点、工作变换、月均工资、家庭年收入、企业规模、企业性质、安全防护设备、安全操作规程和安全教育制度。主成分分析提取的4个主成分较好地反映了原11个指标的信息,累计贡献率为71.5%。第一主成分解释了原变量信息的47.5%,是职业伤害的指示因子,第二主成分是职业活动因子,第三主成分是工作稳定性因子,第四主成分是性别因子。多因素条件Logistic分析结果显示,第一、第二主成分有显著性意义(P<0.01),在众多原变量影响因素中,作用较明显的因素有性别、就业类型、经济收入、企业规模和企业性质等。结论某大型化纤集团公司职业伤害的社会经济影响因素较多且相互作用。职业伤害的防治应从加强安全生产教育、增强职工自我保护意识和提高企业经营者生产安全意识等方面综合考虑。     

不同阶层育龄妇女婚姻质量及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨不同阶层的育龄妇女婚姻质量及影响因素。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,使用Olson婚姻质量问卷、艾森克个性问卷等工具,随机调查已婚育龄妇女,共计175例完整资料。按阶层不同,把研究对象分为较高阶层组(计划生育服务者,A组;服务对象,B组)和较低阶层组(服务对象,C组)。对3组有关指标进行分析。结果:①A组、B组婚姻质量“总分”比C组高(P<0.05);A组与B组婚姻质量“总分”无统计学差异(P>0.05)。②逐步多元回归分析显示:A组7个变量进入方程,为婚龄、年龄、经济福利满意度、积极应对方式、神经质、客观社会支持、负性生活事件频数;B组4个变量进入方程,为神经质、积极应对方式、精神质、社会支持利用度;C组8个变量进入方程,为社会支持总分、主观社会支持分、社会支持利用度、客观社会支持分、精神质、神经质、内外向、婚龄。结论:A组与B组婚姻质量差异无显著性,二者均高于较低阶层组;阶层是影响婚姻质量的重要因素;3组婚姻质量的影响因素不尽相同。     

Structural and biological characterization of three novel mastoparan peptides from the venom of the neotropical social wasp Protopolybia exigua (Saussure).

The venom of the Neotropical social wasp Protopolybia exigua(Saussure) was fractionated by RP-HPLC resulting in the elution of 20 fractions. The homogeneity of the preparations were checked out by using ESI-MS analysis and the fractions 15, 17 and 19 (eluted at the most hydrophobic conditions) were enough pure to be sequenced by Edman degradation chemistry, resulting in the following sequences: Protopolybia MPI I-N-W-L-K-L-G-K-K-V-S-A-I-L-NH2 Protopolybia-MP II I-N-W-K-A-I-I-E-A-A-K-Q-A-L-NH2 Protopolybia-MP III I-N-W-L-K-L-G-K-A-V-I-D-A-L-NH2 All the peptides were manually synthesized on-solid phase and functionally characterized. Protopolybia-MP I is a hemolytic mastoparan, probably acting on mast cells by assembling in plasma membrane, resulting in pore formation; meanwhile, the peptides Protopolybia-MP II and -MP III were characterized as a non-hemolytic mast cell degranulator toxins, which apparently act by virtue of their binding to G-protein receptor, activating the mast cell degranulation.