256层CT对孤立性肠系膜上动脉病变的诊断价值

目的探讨孤立性肠系膜上动脉病变(isolated superior mesenteric artery lesions,ISMAL)的256层CT的影像特征。方法回顾性分析12例ISMAL患者的影像及临床资料,以平扫横轴位、增强扫描横轴位、容积再现(VR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)等重建方法对肠系膜上动脉病变进行分析观察,总结其影像学特征。结果 ISMAL患者平均年龄为(50.1±2.7)岁,男性9例占75%,女性3例占25%,男性发生率高于女性。肠系膜上动脉栓塞(superior mesenteric artery embolism,SMAE)共8例,其中男性5例,女性3例;肠系膜上动脉夹层(superior mesenteric artery dissection,SMAD)共4例,均为男性;管腔局部增宽、腔内充盈缺损是SMAE典型征象;腔内条形低密度影并双腔的显示是SMAD的典型表现。结论256层CT平扫及CTA图像后处理技术可清晰显示肠系膜上动脉病变,确定其病变性质,了解其累及范围,为临床诊治提供有力的影像学依据。     

Alcohol withdrawal-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in vitro and seizures in vivo are both reduced by memantine

Background: The ethanol withdrawal (EWD) syndrome is typically treated using benzodiazepines such as diazepam. However there is concern that benzodiazepines may not prevent neurotoxicity associated with EWD. Antagonists of glutamate/N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate receptors (NMDARs) such as MK801 have been shown to be effective against both EWD‐induced neurotoxicity in vitro and seizures in vivo. However, most of these agents have adverse side effects. An exception is the moderate affinity NMDAR channel blocker memantine, used in Alzheimer’s dementia. The present studies examined the ability of memantine to protect against EWD‐related toxicity in vitro and seizures in vivo. Methods: Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from neonatal rat pups were treated starting at 15 days in vitro with 100 mM ethanol for 10 days followed by a 24‐hour EWD period. During the 24‐hour EWD period cultures were treated with memantine (15 or 30 μM). MK801 (10 μM) was utilized as a positive control. For the in vivo studies, the ability of memantine (2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) to reduce convulsions was analyzed in Swiss‐Webster mice using the handling induced convulsion test paradigm. Results: In vitro studies demonstrated that memantine is effective at blocking EWD‐induced neurotoxicity. In vivo experiments showed that memantine also significantly reduced convulsions induced by EWD in mice. Conclusions: Memantine may be of therapeutic value during alcohol detoxification by virtue of its having neuroprotective effects in addition to anti‐seizure activity. The potential role of memantine in treatment of alcoholism is deserving of further study.     

螺旋CT三维成像技术在种植牙术前设计中的应用

目的：探讨采用16层螺旋CT进行上下颌骨精细扫描来辅助医生完成种植术前设计和术后评估。方法：利用16层CT）对种植牙患者进行术前扫描,将获得的数据信息进行三维图像重建并获得种植位点骨宽度、高度、骨密度数据,根据骨量行术前设计分析,调整种植计划,术后复查CT和术前图像对比分析观察手术效果。结果：通过西门子dentist分析软件分析15例患者术前及术后CT扫描数据,术前图像均能清晰显示颌骨形态、质地和重要解剖结构,如颏孔、上颌窦、下牙槽神经管,并能精确的测量种植位点可用骨的高度、厚度和宽度。结论：利用CT三维成像技术辅助临床完成种植牙手术术前设计及术后评估有重要的临床意义,它可有效规避风险并在满足患者需求的同时使种植修复简单化。     

28例儿童漏斗胸术前多层螺旋CT的诊断与评估

目的评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在儿童漏斗胸术前诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析28例经MSCT检查并诊断为漏斗胸患儿的CT资料,根据CT凹陷指数,将其分为轻、中、重度三组,测量并比较三组患儿胸骨凹陷深度、CT凹陷指数、胸骨凹陷角度、心脏旋转角度及Haller指数五项指标的差异,分析心脏旋转角与其它四项指标的相关性。结果①28例均有不同程度胸骨凹陷,其中轻度凹陷14例,中度凹陷9例,重度凹陷5例;②胸骨凹陷深度、CT凹陷指数、胸骨凹陷角度、心脏旋转角度及Haller指数五项指标在轻、中、重度三组间差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）;③心脏旋转角度与胸骨凹陷深度、CT凹陷指数及Haller指数呈正相关（rs分别为0.736、0.873、0.881,均P〈0.01）,与胸骨凹陷角度呈负相关（rs=-0.731,P〈0.01）。结论 MSCT可准确显示漏斗胸的畸形程度及心脏受压旋转情况,为临床治疗提供有力的帮助。     

脑片模型在癫痫实验研究中的应用

癫痫是一种常见的脑部疾病,其特点为脑部存在持续产生癫痫发作的持久性改变,并出现相应的神经生物学、认知、心里以及社会学等方面的后果。因此,正确认识癫痫的发生发展转归,对治疗、预防该疾病的发生有很重要的作用。目前,关于癫痫发生机制的研究较多,用于研究癫痫的模型也存在差异。近年来,研究者们创造了一种能模拟在体条件的癫痫模型———脑片模型,为研究癫痫提供了更好的模型需求。本文主要是通过总结相关文献,探讨脑片模型的制备及应用。     

Gabapentin promotes inhibition by enhancing hyperpolarization-activated cation currents and spontaneous firing in hippocampal CA1 interneurons

The H-current (I_H) regulates membrane electrical activity in many excitable cells. The antiepileptic drug gabapentin (GBP) has been shown to increase I_H in hippocampal area CA1 pyramidal neurons, and this has been proposed as an anticonvulsant mechanism of action. I_H also regulates excitability in some types of hippocampal interneuron that provide synaptic inhibition to CA1 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that global pharmacological I_H enhancement could have more complex effects on the local synaptic network. However, whether I_H in CA1 interneurons is modulated by GBP has not been examined. In this study, we tested the effects of GBP on I_H on hippocampal area CA1 stratum oriens non-pyramidal neurons, and on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in immature rat brain slices. GBP (100 μM) increased I_H in approximately 67% of interneurons that exhibited I_H, with no apparent effect on cell types that did not exhibit I_H. GBP also increased the frequency of spontaneous (but not miniature) inhibitory postsynaptic currents in pyramidal neurons without altering amplitudes or rise and decay times. These data indicate that I_H in a subset of CA1 interneuron types can be increased by GBP, similarly to its effect on I_H in pyramidal neurons, and further, that indirectly increased spontaneous inhibition of pyramidal neurons could contribute to its anticonvulsant effects.     

Bi-directional alterations of LTP after acute homocysteine exposure

Homocysteine (HCY) is a known risk factor for neuronal diseases. We here report that HCY (10–1000 μM) interfered bi-directionally with long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slices, causing an impairment at concentrations <100 μM, and enhancement ≥500 μM. By comparison, NMDA unidirectionally reduced LTP, whereas l-cysteine led to facilitated LTP. Such HCY-induced alterations in neuronal communication may contribute to cognitive failure in dementia.     

Precision-cut slice culture method for rat placenta

Primary trophoblasts, placental explants, and cell line cultures are commonly used to investigate placental development, physiology, and pathology, particularly in relation to pregnancy outcomes. Organotypic slice cultures are increasingly used in other systems because they maintain the normal three-dimensional tissue architecture and have all cell types represented. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the precision-cut placental slice culture model for studying trophoblastic diseases.     

Chronic in vivo morphine administration facilitates primed-bursts-induced long-term potentiation of Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices in vitro

In this study, the effects of chronic morphine administration (20–30 days) on long-term potentiation (LTP) were investigated at the Schaffer collateral–CA1 pyramidal cell synapses of the rat hippocampal slices. Orthodromic population spike (OPS) amplitude and delay (peak latency) were measured as indices of increase in synaptic efficacy. The amounts of LTP of OPS delay and LTP of OPS amplitude were higher in slices from dependent rats. Perfusion of slices from control and dependent rats with morphine containing ACSF and delivering tetanic stimulation, showed that short-term presence of morphine could not mimic the LTP enhancing effects of chronic morphine administration, however, attenuated the amount of LTP of OPS amplitude in slices of dependent rats. This study supports the hypothesis that the susceptibility of CA1 synapses to plastic changes increases by chronic, not acute exposure to morphine and suggests that a withdrawal phenomenon might be an underlying mechanism for the observed augmented LTP of OPS amplitude in slices of dependent rats.     

320排CT冠状动脉成像对支架置入术患者冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的诊断价值

目的 研究320排CT冠状动脉成像(320-SCTA)对支架置入术患者冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年6月来我院就诊查的40例支架置入术患者临床资料,均在我院接受320-SCTA检查,并在CTA检查后一周行常规选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,以CAG结果为"金标准"...