中医药治疗糖尿病肾病实验研究进展

糖尿病肾病（DN）是糖尿病常见慢性并发症之一,白蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率下降是目前糖尿病肾病诊断的重要临床指征。DN严重影响着患者的生命质量,尽早地干预糖尿病肾病的危险因素,纠正胰岛素代谢障碍导致的长期高血糖因素影响下的肾脏损伤,是有效阻止其进展为终末期肾脏疾病的关键。中医药秉持其特色理论取得了独特的治疗优势,随着中医药对于DN的认识与研究的加深,实验研究方面也取得了一定的进展。本文总结了中医研究DN动物模型的常用构建方法,同时从中医药调节免疫炎症反应、降低氧化应激水平、改善肾脏血流动力学改变、纠正糖脂代谢紊乱等机制方面列举分析中医药辨治糖尿病实验研究进展,探讨中医药防治DN的机制,以期对临床有所裨益。     

基于NF-κB相关信号通路探讨常用中药治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)相关信号通路在溃疡性结肠炎的形成与发展中起到很大的作用。研究显示中药单体及单药可以通过NF-κB信号通路介导减少黏膜炎症反应、抑制肠道上皮细胞凋亡、增强肠道黏膜屏障、调节肠道内菌群丰度等抑制溃疡性结肠炎的发展,但具体的作用机制尚不明确。可能与调节TLR4/NF-κB信号通路、JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB信号通路、PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路、NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路等有关。涉及到的常用药物包括黄连、干姜、鸦胆子、黄芪、肉桂、青黛、雷公藤、黄芩、蒲公英、马齿苋、苦参、青蒿等及其提取物小檗碱、6-姜烯酚、鸦胆子苦醇、黄芪多糖、肉桂醛、雷公藤多苷、黄芩苷、苦参总碱、双氢青蒿素等。故围绕NF-κB相关信号通路对常用治疗UC的中药及其单体作一综述,旨在为进一步深入研究提供思路和参考。     

肺音信号的自回归谱谱阵分析

本文应用自回归模型方法研究了各种肺音信号的ＡＲ谱谱阵，并与傅里叶功率谱谱阵作了对比，探讨了两种谱阵的特点与差异，实验结果表明：肺泡呼吸音ＡＲ模型阶次为６阶，气管音ＡＲ模型阶次为１４阶，哮鸣音与喘鸣音的ＡＲ模型阶次分别为１２阶与６阶，正常呼吸音（肺泡呼吸音与气管音）功率谱为连续谱，异常连续性肺音（哮鸣音与喘鸣音）功率谱为离散线状谱，音肺信号谱阵方法可显示出肺音的时变特性，有利于对肺音作动态分析。     

JAK/STAT信号途径参与高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化

目的：观察Janus激酶/信号转导和转录活化因子(JAK/STAT) 信号的激活对高糖诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响。方法:体外培养人肾近曲小管上皮细胞株（HKCs）,分别给予高糖和JAK拮抗剂AG490干预,采用免疫沉淀和Western印迹检测JAK2的磷酸化;Western印迹检测平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)及信号蛋白STAT1、STAT3、磷酸化STAT1 (phospho-STAT1, p-STAT1) 和p-STAT3的水平; 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定细胞上清液中转化生长因子β₁(TGF-β₁)和I型胶原的分泌,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测TGF-β₁mRNA表达。结果:与低糖对照组比较,高糖培养的HKCs中α-SMA 的水平及p-JAK2 、p-STAT1 和p-STAT3 比例明显上调；E-cadherin表达明显下调；TGF-β₁ mRNA 表达增加；细胞培养上清液中TGF-β₁、Ⅰ型胶原分泌增加。AG490明显抑制JAK2磷酸化、下调p－STAT1 和p-STAT3的同时,明显抑制高糖刺激HKCs中α-SMA表达的升高，减轻E-cadherin表达下降程度；降低TGF-β₁ mRNA 表达及TGF-β₁、Ⅰ型胶原的分泌。结论:JAK/STAT信号途径参与高糖诱导的HKCs转分化，并刺激TGF-β₁和细胞外基质的分泌。     

一种双计算机互联的视觉诱发电位采集系统

本文研制了一种采用二台计算机互联方法实现的诱发电位采集系统，该系统将刺激图形的产生和数据采集分别由两台计算机来完成，通过一些附加的处理保证了模式“给”“撤”光与数据采集的同步，实验结果与目前通用的诱发电位仪的结果基本一致，但比一般的诱发电位仪具有更丰富更灵活的刺激图形方式，本系统为深入研究ＶＥＰ提供了一个价廉、方便、灵活的实验系统。     

JNK信号转导通路对白细胞介素-1β促肝星状细胞增殖的调控作用

目的：探讨JNK信号转导通路在白细胞介素- 1β（IL-1β）介导的促肝星状细胞（HSCs）增殖中的作用。方法:应用 Western印迹法检测JNK的活化程度。应用活细胞计数试剂盒-CCK-8检测HSCs增殖并观察JNK 特异性阻断剂SP600125对IL-1β促HSCs增殖的影响。结果：IL-1β有明 显促大鼠HSCs增殖作用，而经JNK特异性阻断剂 SP600125预处理后，IL-1β促HSCs增殖作用 受到抑制（1.560±0.110 vs 1.427±0.113，P<0.05）。IL-1β以时间依赖 方式激活JNK。IL-1β作用HSCs后0、5、15、30、60和120 min，JNK 活性分别为0.982±0 .299、1.501±0.720、2.133±0.882、3.360±0.452、2.181±0.789、1.385±0 .368。结论:IL-1β可刺激HSCs增殖，细胞内JNK信号转导通路参与了 IL-1β促HSCs增殖作用。     

Ly49 gene expression in different inbred mouse strains

Mouse natural killer cells express receptors for class IMHC in the form of the Ly49 family of proteins. The Ly49 family contains at least 13 expressed members (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, O, and P) and is further subdivided into activating and inhibitory subfamilies based on intracellular and transmembrane characteristics. The level of sequence identity between different members varies dramatically. However, comparison of the extracellular domain has revealed that several of the Ly49 molecules also form “pairs,” where one member is activating and the other is inhibitory. Until recently, most Ly49 molecules described have come from the C57B1/6 strain of inbred mice. Using molecular cloning and immunochemical analysis we have found that different mouse strains express novel Ly49 molecules. Comparison of the allelic forms of some Ly49 molecules has shown that the dividing line between different genes and different alleles is blurred. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. NO1-CO-56000. Animal care was provided in accordance with the procedures outlined in A Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health Publication No. 86-23, 1985). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government.     

The role of protein kinase C and its effect on GHRH in the regulation of hormone secretion by somatotrophinomas

In recent years, the most exciting advance inthe research of human pitllitary tumors is the discovery that 30 %--40 % of hfuman pituitary somatotrophinomas carry somatic missense single--basemutations within codons 201 and 227 of the genefor the a--subunit of the stimulatory GTP--bindingprotein, Gs (Gsa). These mutations, termed gsponcogenes, result in constitutive activity of adenylyl cyclase and the subsequent elevations in intracellular cAMP levels are thought to be responsiblefor tumor g…