Incretin mimetics as a novel therapeutic option for hepatic steatosis.

BACKGROUND: Fat accumulation in the liver or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as a key pathogenic factor and component of the metabolic syndrome. It was reported that administration of the incretin mimetic exenatide reversed hepatic steatosis in an obese mouse model. We had the opportunity to study the effect of additional exenatide administration on liver fat content in a patient with type 2 diabetes. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes was treated with exenatide in addition to metformin monotherapy. Following 44 weeks of exenatide therapy, mean the liver fat measured by liver spectroscopy declined from 15.8% to 4.3%. This dramatic decrease in liver fat was accompanied by significant beneficial changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors and improvement of all liver enzymes, in particular alanine aminotransferase, the most important marker of liver steatosis. CONCLUSION: This case report suggests that the incretin mimetic exenatide decreases hepatic fat accumulation and may play a role in the future treatment of NAFLD, and the associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in an ever-growing high-risk population.     

Spontaneous regression of gastric varices after iatrogenic injury to a gastrorenal shunt

We present a patient with gastric varices complicating portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis related to hepatitis C virus. The patient underwent balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. The gastric varices almost completely disappeared, without any sclerotic agent being used, after iatrogenic injury of the gastrorenal shunt at the time of the interventional procedure.     

大鼠肝细胞凋亡和坏死动物模型的建立及评价

目的:通过大鼠肝右叶血供干预分别建立肝细胞凋亡和坏死动物模型,为进一步的磁共振成像实验奠定基础。方法:选取体重为250-300克的SD大鼠90只,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组30只,分别行肝右叶门静脉和肝动脉结扎术、门静脉结扎术及假手术,各组在术后3 h及1、3、7和14 d分别处死6只大鼠,取肝脏标本送病理及电镜检查。结果: A组30只大鼠肝右叶发生凝固性坏死,光镜及电镜下均呈典型的坏死改变,TUNEL染色呈阴性;B组30只大鼠肝右叶发生小灶性凋亡,光镜下可见肝细胞核固缩改变,电镜下见肝组织核边集和凋亡小体,TUNEL染色呈阳性改变。术后3 h 即可见凋亡细胞,24 h时凋亡细胞数最多,7 d后肝组织开始发生小灶性坏死;C组30只大鼠肝右叶未发生凋亡和坏死的病理改变。结论:大鼠肝右叶门静脉和肝动脉双结扎可建立胆脏凝固性坏死模型,单纯肝右叶门静脉结扎能构建肝细胞小灶性凋亡模型。     

影响肝外伤手术死亡的危险因素分析

目的分析影响肝外伤手术死亡的危险因素,探讨其临床意义。方法根据AAST和ISS标准,回顾性分析90例肝外伤手术病例,对影响手术死亡的危险因素进行单因素比较和Logistic回归分析。结果死亡15例,其中Ⅲ级2例、Ⅳ级4例、Ⅴ级9例,总体手术死亡率17%。Ⅳ~Ⅴ级肝外伤手术方式的单因素比较提示:清创性肝切除术的相对危险度是0.73;而规则性肝切除术、肝静脉或肝后下腔静脉修补术相对危险度分别是1.32、1.52。Logistic回归分析提示:ISS分会和术中失血量是影响手术死亡率的2个独立因素。结论ISS分值、术中失出血量和手术方式是影响肝外伤手术死亡的3个重要因素,娴熟的手术技能和合理的手术方式可以减少术中出血量和降低手术死亡率。     

二维彩色多普勒显像在下肢静脉血栓诊断中的应用

目的:探讨二维(2-DE)彩色多普勒显像(CDF1)在下肢静脉血栓中的诊断及治疗效果观察中的应用价值。方法:应用ACUSON-128XP10及GE-VIVID7超声仪对来自于血管外科73例98人次(111条)下肢静脉血栓病人进行检查。结果:下肢深静脉完全阻塞57例(62条),部分阻塞3例(4条),少部分再通(<50％)18人次(23条),大部分再通(75％)15人次(17条),完全再通2人次(2条),其中再通人次包含治疗后复查的部分二次及三次复检者及来诊时即为部分再通者。另外,有3例(3条)合并大隐静脉曲张及血栓形成。结论:二维彩色多普勒显像对下肢静脉血栓的阻塞程度、范围及治疗后再通情况可做出较为肯定的诊断,对指导下肢静脉血栓的治疗及预后判断具有重要价值。     

胃癌根治术中肝动脉变异及意义

目的介绍胃癌根治术时发现肝动脉变异情况。方法回顾性分析208例胃癌根治术时遭遇的肝动脉变异情况。结果208例中发现肝动脉变异3例,术中游离时注意保留肝脏、胆囊的血供分支。结论胃癌根治术时应注意肝动脉变异可能,避免损伤邻近器官的血供。     

Hepatic-pericardio-phrenic collateral (natural shunt) in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome

Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), leads to portal hypertension and to the development of collaterals that bypass the obstruction. Described here is a BCS patient with an unusually large transdiaphragmatic collateral between the left hepatic and left innominate veins, which decompressed the oesophageal varices. This has not been reported earlier in the literature.     

Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: A review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures—part V

Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effect on the site of obstruction has been termed “remodeling.” Part V of this six-part series focuses on remodeling effects of balloon angioplasty on obstructed young (≤ 1 year) and old (> 1 year) saphenous vein bypass grafts.     

Hepatic infarction with portal thrombosis

A case of hepatic infarction with portal thrombosis is reported. A 63-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices was admitted for treatment of the esophagel varices. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) were performed. Two months later, she experienced right hypochondralgia and right flank pain. Serum transaminase levels were suddenly elevated, and computed tomography scans of the liver showed multiple small nodular lesions. Her condition worsened, and she died of hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed splenic and portal vein thrombosis, multiple hepatic infarction, and evidence of chronic pancreatitis. We believe that liver cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis were the main risk factors for the portal thrombosis, and the treatment for esophageal varices appeared to have triggered the thrombosis. The hepatic infarction was caused by the portal thrombosis.