Efeito de duas doses diferentes de dexmedetomidina na incidência de agitação ao despertar após cirurgia para correção de estrabismo: um ensaio clínico randômico

Background and objective

Emergence agitation is a postoperative negative behavior that affects mainly children. We studied the effect of two different doses of dexmedetomidine on the incidence and degree of EA in children undergoing strabismus surgery.

七氟醚麻醉对大鼠脑ATP酶的动态影响

目的 观察七氟醚吸入麻醉不同时期大鼠各脑区Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶和Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性动态变化规律,以了解脑ATP酶活性变化在七氟醚麻醉效应中的地位。方法 40只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、诱导期组、麻醉期组、恢复期组和清醒期组。分光光度法测定不同时期大脑皮质、脑干、海马Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶和Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性变化。结果 与对照组比较,大鼠大脑皮质、脑干、海马Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶活性在诱导期分别降低21.9％、10.5％、19.3％(P<0.05),麻醉期分别降低37.2％、33.5％、38.9％(P均<0.01),恢复期又开始回升,但仍低于对照组水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),而清醒期基本恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05);大脑皮质、脑干、海马Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性在诱导期分别降低34.3％、44.3％、25.5％(P<0.05 or P<0.01),麻醉期分别降低39.6％、60.4％、57.6％(P均<0.01),恢复期开始回升,清醒期基本恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05)。结论七氟醚对大鼠大脑皮质、脑干、海马Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶和Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性的抑制程度与麻醉时相相对应,ATP酶活性与麻醉深度具有相同的变化趋势,表明上述脑区ATP酶可能是七氟醚的作用靶点,与七氟醚的麻醉效应有关。     

Intravenous landiolol, a novel β(1)-adrenergic blocker, reduces the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in women

Study Objective

To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) landiolol, a novel β₁-adrenergic blocker, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in adult women.

Design

Prospective, randomized study.

Setting

University hospital.

Patients

42 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 24-57 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery.

Interventions

Anesthesia was induced in all patients by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction of sevoflurane. In the landiolol group, administration of landiolol began when patients took a vital-capacity breath: 0.125 mg/kg/min for one minute and then 0.04 mg/kg/min. Normal saline was administered in the control group.

Measurements

MAC was determined by a technique adapted from the conventional up-down method.

Main Results

The MAC of sevoflurane was 2.2% ± 0.2% in the control group and 1.7% ± 0.2% in the landiolol group, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0005).

Conclusions

IV landiolol reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in women by approximately 20%.     

不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道在其中的作用

目的 探讨不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道(mito-KATP通道)在其中的作用.方法 新生(出生＜24 h)SD大鼠,雌雄不拘,体重5～6 g,原代培养海马神经元,接种于培养孔或培养皿中,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为7组,每组48孔和12皿,正常对照组(C组):不予任何处理;缺氧复氧组(HR组):缺氧4 h复氧24 h;6%七氟醚预处理组(S1 组)、4%七氟醚预处理组(S2 组)、2%七氟醚预处理组(S3 组):分别经6%、4%、2%七氟醚预处理后行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L预处理组(5-HD组):经mito-KATP通道阻断剂5-羟葵酸(终浓度100 μmol/L)预处理后进行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L+6%七氟醚预处理组(5-HD+S组):同时行5-羟葵酸和6%七氟醚预处理后进行缺氧复氧.各组以上处理结束后,测定神经元活力、凋亡率、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余6组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与HR组比较,S1组～S3组海马神经元活力增强,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax蛋白表达下调(P＜0.01),5-HD组和5-HD+S组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与S1组比较,S2组、S3组和5-HD+S组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与S2组比较,S3组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可抑制大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡,从而减轻神经元损伤,且呈浓度依赖性,机制可能与开放神经元mito-KATP通道,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with different concentrations of sevoflurane on hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and the role of mitochondrial KATP(mito-KATP)channels.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons isolated from newborn SD rats(＜24h)of both sexes,weighing 5-6 g,were randomly divided into 7 groups with 48 wells and 12 dishes in each one:control group(C group),H/R group,preconditioning with 6%,4%and 2% sevoflurane groups(S1-3 groups),5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD,mito-KATP channel blocker)100 μmol/L preconditioning group(5-HD group)and preconditioning with 5-HD 100 μmol/L+6% sevoflurane group(5-HD+S group).The neurons were exposed to 4 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation. In S1-3 groups, preconditioning was performed with 6% , 4% and 2% sevoflurane respectively before H/R. In 5-HD group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD (final concentration 100 μmol/L) before H/R. In 5-HD + S group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD 100 μmol/L and 6% sevoflurane before H/R. The neuronal viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined after 24 h reoxygenation.Results The neuronal viability was significantly lower,while the apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in the other 6 groups than in group C(P＜0.01).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly higher,while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were lower in S1-3 groups than in group H/R. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 5-HD and 5-HD + S groups(P＞0.05).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were higher in S2, S3 and 5-HD + S groups than in group S1, and in group S3 than in group S2(P＜0.0l) .Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can inhibit H/R-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and reduce the injury to neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, and the underlying mechanism may be related to activation of mito-KATP channels, up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression.     

腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法全麻下行开腹手术患者40例,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）及异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min,30min后调整为1 L/min。手术开始前,调整吸入麻醉药的呼气末浓度为1.0 MAC。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵和芬太尼,维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。缝皮结束时,停止吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,纯氧流量调整为5 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、拔除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拔除气管导管的时间）、Aldrete评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）及麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间。记录吸入麻醉药用量。结果与Ⅰ组比较,S组睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间、Aldrete评分达到9分时间及PACU停留时间缩短（P〈0.05）,吸入麻醉药的总用量和单位时间用量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用效果的对照研究

目的:对比分析丙泊酚与七氟醚麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果。方法:回顾分析2009年2月至2012年3月为62例患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料,随机分为实验组与对照组。对照组采用瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚联合麻醉,观察组采用瑞芬太尼与七氟醚联合麻醉,对比分析两组患者应用效果。结果:实验组患者于气管插管后1 min、建立人工气腹前及建立人工气腹后5 min舒张压、收缩压及心率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者在自主呼吸恢复、睁眼、拔管及定向力恢复用时等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:丙泊酚与七氟醚在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果均较显著,但七氟醚麻醉可降低CO2气腹对患者产生的影响,能更平稳地维持患者的生命体征。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响

目的比较丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者外周血NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响。方法选择择期行舌癌根治术患者40例,男25例,女15例,年龄44~67岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:丙泊酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组),每组20例。P组采用丙泊酚2.0~2.5mg/kg、瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉麻醉诱导,丙泊酚4~6mg·kg-1·h-1及瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注维持麻醉;S组采用8%七氟醚、新鲜气体流量5L/min吸入,瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉注射诱导,瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注及2%~3%七氟醚吸入维持麻醉。分别在麻醉诱导前30min(T0)、麻醉后1h(T1)、3h(T2)、5h(T3)、手术结束时(T4)、手术结束后24h(T5)、48h(T6)、72h(T7)采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定外周血NK细胞(CD3-CD16+56+)及B淋巴细胞(CD3-CD19+)百分比。结果与T0时比较,T1~T5时两组CD3-CD16+56+和CD3-CD19+百分比明显降低(P0.05),T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显降低(P0.05);T2~T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显低于P组(P0.05),两组各时点CD3-CD19+百分比差异无统计学意义。结论与七氟醚比较,丙泊酚可维持较高的NK细胞百分比,有利于维持舌癌根治术患者免疫功能。     

氟比洛芬酯联合七氟醚全麻在小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗中的应用

目的 评价小儿先天性心脏病介入封堵术中联合应用氟比洛芬酯和七氟醚全麻的临床效果.方法 先天性心脏病患儿40例,随机分为两组:S组(七氟醚吸入组)和F+S组(氟比洛芬酯联合七氟醚吸入组).观察两组患儿诱导前(TO)、气管插管时(T1)、静脉穿刺时(T2)、心内操作时(T3)、拔除气管导管时(T4)、拔除后5 min (TS)、拔除后10 min (T6)时的平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(Sp02)、心率(HR),记录两组在T4～T6时间点的躁动评分和意识状态(OAA/S)评分以及术后不良反应的发生率.结果 两组患儿均顺利完成介入治疗.与TO时点比较,S组在T4～T6时点HR增快、MAP明显增加(P＜0.05)；在T4～T6时点F+S组患儿与S组比较,HR明显减慢、MAP显著降低(P＜0.05).F+S组在各观察点的躁动评分均显著低于S组(P＜0.05)；两组在各时点的意识状态评分差异无统计学意义;术后24h随访中,S组有3例、F+S组有1例出现恶心呕吐,其他无不良反应发生.结论 氟比洛芬酯联合七氟醚全麻可安全用于小儿先天性心脏病的介入治疗,值得临床推荐使用.     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在小儿口腔手术中应用

目的:探讨七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼在小儿口腔手术麻醉中的应用.方法:选择行口腔手术的患儿60例,随机分为两组,即七氟醚吸入组与异氟醚吸入组,每组各30例.分别使用七氟醚或异氟醚吸入诱导复合瑞芬太尼麻醉行唇裂、聘裂手术.记录诱导时问、拔管时间,观察有无恶心、呕吐,躁动,喉痉挛,支气管痉挛等并发症的发生.结果:七氟醚组诱导时间略长于异氟醚组静脉诱导时间;拔管时间均显著短于异氟醚组(P<0.05).恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:七氟醚吸入麻醉平稳迅速,缩短苏醒拔管时间,适用于小儿口腔手术手术.     

七氟醚和异丙酚麻醉用于无痛人流手术的临床观察

目的:对比七氟醚和异丙酚对无痛人流手术的麻醉效果。方法:将40例拟接受门诊无痛人工流产病人随机分为七氟醚吸入组(Sev组,n=20)和异丙酚静脉组(Pro组,n=20),监测并记录麻醉的诱导速度、苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间、术中肢动情况及心率、收缩压、舒张压及血氧变化。结果:诱导后Sev组SBP、DBP、HR与诱导后Pro组差异显著(P<0.05),Pro组诱导时间、苏醒时间和定向力恢复时间均较Sev组显著缩短(P<0.05),两组的血氧与诱导前相比均无显著性差异。结论:异丙酚静脉麻醉诱导起效更快,苏醒时间更短,而七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导对心率的影响更小,诱导更平稳。