原发性甲状腺机能亢进并重度甲状腺肿大的外科治疗

目的总结我院12年间收治32例原发性甲亢病（Graves’病）并重度甲状腺肿大的围手术期处理和手术经验。方法对在门诊控制甲亢治疗阶段、围手术期间的处理、手术方式和术后并发症等进行评价。结果本组无死亡病例,术后并发症发生率为23．8％,其中术后并发呼吸道梗阻和暂时性低血钙各2例,轻度甲低3例。结论重度肿大的Graves’病患者手术治疗具有疗效确切、技术要求高,有潜在的高并发症或高风险的特点。充分的术前准备和良好的麻醉以及手术者良好手术操作技巧,术后严密观察和并发症的及时处理,可降低或避免严重并发症的发生.     

传染性非典型肺炎17例临床分析

目的 分析四川地区传染性非典型肺炎(非典)的流行病学和临床特点。方法 对2003年2月以来四川省已临床诊断的非典患进行回顾性分析。结果 迄今四川省已临床诊断非典患17例，均为来自广东和北京疫区的输入性病例，发病年龄以青壮年为主，起病较急骤，88％(15／17)的患体温超过38℃，咳嗽较常见，部分有血丝痰，周围血白细胞计数减少或正常居多，X线片显示多叶多段病变特点，初期进展较快而后期恢复较慢。4例作血清学试验，2例阳性。1例尸检标本在电镜下检出冠状病毒颗粒和衣原体样颗粒，RT-PCR扩增出冠状病毒RNA聚合酶基因片段。死亡2例，已痊愈出院7例。结论 四川地区非典型肺炎均为输入性病例，临床表现与其他地区报道相似，但病情相对较轻，传染性较弱．未造成继发件感染。     

Noninvasive finding of local repolarization changes in the heart using dipole models and simplified torso geometry

Two inverse methods using dipole models for noninvasive assessment of local repolarization changes were investigated and compared in the simulation study. Lesions with changed repolarization were modeled by shortening of the action potential durations in ventricular regions typically influenced by occlusion of coronary arteries. Corresponding body surface potentials were computed using a multiple dipole model of the cardiac generator and an inhomogeneous torso model. Position of each lesion was then estimated by an inverse solution to a single dipole and to a group of five neighbouring dipoles. For both methods the lesion localization error was evaluated and its dependence on the lesion size and the noise in input data was studied. When no noise was present in the input data, the use of the inverse method to a group of dipoles instead of a single dipole resulted in an unsubstantial reduction of the mean localization error of small lesions from 0.6 to 0.5 cm. For medium and especially for large lesions the mean localization errors decreased significantly from 1.1 to 0.6 cm and from 2.3 to 1.0 cm, respectively. The inverse solution to a group of five dipoles was more sensitive to noise. However, for large lesions it still gave better results than the solution to a single dipole if the signal to noise ratio was higher than 30 dB.     

Intentional ingestion of cyanoacrylate

Abstract

Background. Diphenidine (1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine) and its 2-methoxylated derivative methoxphenidine (MXP, 2-MeO-diphenidine) are substances with dissociative effects that were recently introduced for “recreational” purpose through the online-based sale of new psychoactive substances (NPS). A number of analytically confirmed non-fatal intoxications associated with diphenidine or MXP have occurred in Sweden and were included in the STRIDA project. Study design. Observational case series of consecutive patients with admitted or suspected intake of NPS and requiring intensive treatment in an emergency room and hospitalization in Sweden. Patients and methods. Blood and urine samples were collected from intoxicated patients presenting at emergency departments all over the country. NPS analysis was performed by multi-component liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Data on clinical features were collected during telephone consultations with the Poisons Information Centre and retrieved from medical records. Information was also obtained from online drug discussion forums. Case series. Over a 12-month period from January to December 2014, 750 cases of suspected NPS intoxication originating from emergency departments were enrolled in the STRIDA project of which 14 (1.9%) tested positive for diphenidine and 3 (0.4%) tested positive for MXP. Co-exposure to several other NPS (e.g., 5-/6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, 2-4-bromomethcathinone, butylone, 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate, 5-methoxy-N-isopropyltryptamine, methiopropamine, and α-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone), also including other dissociative substances (3-/4-methoxyphencyclidine), and classical drugs of abuse (e.g., cannabis and ethanol) was documented in 87% of these cases. The 17 patients were aged 20–48 (median: 32) years, and 13 (76%) were men. They commonly presented with hypertension (76%), tachycardia (47%), anxiety (65%), and altered mental status (65%) including confusion, disorientation, dissociation, and/or hallucinations. Eight patients (47%) displayed severe intoxication (Poisoning Severity Score 3). The diphenidine- or MXP-positive patients required hospitalization for 1–3 (median: 2) days. In addition to standard supportive therapy, half of the cases were treated with benzodiazepines and/or propofol. Conclusion. The adverse effects noted in analytically confirmed cases of NPS intoxication involving diphenidine or MXP were similar to those reported for other dissociative substances such as ketamine and methoxetamine. However, the high proportion of polysubstance use might have played a role in the intoxication and clinical features in some cases.     

The effect of interferon beta-1b on size of short-lived enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: Contrast enhancing lesions (CELs) in MRI represent inflammatory events in multiple sclerosis (MS). IFN-β-1b decreases the formation of CELs. However, the ability of IFN-β-1b to reduce the size of CELs arising during therapy has not been extensively investigated. Methods: Thirty patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS were followed for a 3-month pre-therapy phase then for a 6-month therapy phase during which treatment with IFN-β-1b at a dosage of 250 μg subcutaneously injected every other day was employed. Each patient underwent monthly clinical and MRI examinations. For all patients, CELs were identified on postcontrast T1-weighted MRIs. CEL number, size, and volume were computed using Medx software. Results: The average number and total lesion volume of CELs visible during the therapy phase were significantly lower than the number and total lesion volume of CELs observed in the pre-therapy phase. However, there was no significant reduction between pre-therapy and therapy phases in the mean size of individual lesions arising during the respective phases. Conclusions: Since size of CELs has been related to severity of tissue damage, the lack of size decrease during therapy suggested a limited therapeutic effect of IFN-β-1b if a blood–brain barrier breakdown has occurred.     

Focal splenic lesions: US findings

Ultrasound (US) imaging of the spleen was considered of little use in the past and was performed only to distinguish between cystic and solid lesions. However, in the last decade due to experience acquired and the introduction of second-generation contrast agents, this technique has been re-evaluated as contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) allows detection and characterization of most focal lesions of the spleen with a high sensitivity and a good specificity. Gray-scale US presents a low specificity in splenic infarctions with a high rate of false negative cases, whereas specificity reaches 100 %, if the examination is performed using US contrast agents. Gray-scale US can provide a correct diagnosis in simple cysts, whereas CEUS is useful when cystic lymphangioma is suspected. In the study of splenic lesions, the most important problem is to differentiate between angioma, hamartoma, lymphoma, and metastasis. CEUS reaches a good specificity in the differentiation of benign from malignant splenic lesions, as hypo-enhancement in the parenchymal phase is predictive of malignancy in 87 % of cases. In conclusion, Gray-scale US and particularly CEUS are at present widely indicated in the study of focal splenic lesions.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早期癌及癌前病变长期疗效的单中心回顾性队列分析

目的研究内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌或癌前病变的长期疗效以及术后复发的影响因素。方法收集73例患者的临床及随访资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank和Breslow检验,以及Cox风险比例模型进行统计学分析。结果胃和结直肠ESD术后中位无复发生存时间(DFS)大于该研究最长随访时间(65个月),食管中位生存时间为44.5个月;与胃和结直肠相比,食管ESD术后DFS明显减少(χ~2=12.61,P=0.000;χ~2=7.09,P=0.008);病灶异型程度(浸润深度)和病灶面积影响ESD术后DFS(P=0.027,OR=2.38,95%CI:1.10~5.12;P=0.074,OR=0.90,95%CI:0.80~1.01)。结论 ESD术是切除消化道早期癌和癌前病变并维持长期不复发的有效内镜下手术方法 ;异型程度(浸润深度)是影响ESD术后DFS的独立危险因素;病灶面积在影响ESD术后的DFS方面具有临床意义。     

NASAL MUCOSAL INVOLVEMENT IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Abstract: :A patient with ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and mouth ulceration, developed an unusual lesion involving the nasal mucosa. This was thought to represent another extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.