肺癌与良性胸腔积液蛋白质双向电泳图谱差异分析

目的:建立肺癌与肺良性胸腔积液的双向电泳图谱,分析二者表达蛋白质的差异及特点。方法:利用固相pH梯度双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分离肺癌和肺良性胸腔积液中的总蛋白质。凝胶经银染色后用PDQUEST6.2.1电泳分析软件对胸水中的蛋白质谱进行分析,识别差异表达的蛋白质。结果:肺癌与肺良性胸腔积液的蛋白质组分布的基本框架很相似,并可发现二者之间有差异蛋白点;两种胸腔积液电泳图谱平均蛋白质点数分别为326±16和343±12,平均匹配点数为286±14和298±21,匹配率87.7%,86.9%.差异蛋白点82个,其中37个在肺癌胸腔积液中高表达,24个在肺癌胸腔积液中低表达。有17个点仅在良性胸腔积液表达,4个点仅在肺癌胸腔积液表达。结论:用双向电泳法得到了分辨率较高且重复率较好的肺癌与肺良性胸腔积液蛋白质组图谱,二者存在一些表达差异蛋白质。     

医院感染铜绿假单胞菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分析

目的确定铜绿假单胞菌不同基因型与抗菌谱的联系,以追踪院内感染中铜绿假单胞菌菌株在分子水平上的相关性。方法对2002年1月～2004年12月自该院住院患者各种标本中分离获得216株铜绿假单胞菌,用脉冲场凝胶电泳分析耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的同源性;液体稀释法测定携带blaIMP基因铜绿假单胞菌菌株的最小抑菌浓度,纸片扩散法检测亚胺培南敏感株和耐药株对10种常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果分离的铜绿假单胞菌主要来自呼吸道标本,对常用抗菌药物的耐药率高,多重耐药现象严重。携带blaIMP基因与不携带blaIMP基因的铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药性差异有显著性,未携带blaIMP基因的铜绿假单胞菌菌株在PFGE上表现出不同的分型,而携带blaIMP基因的10株中9株具有相同的PFGE分型。结论blaIMP基因在铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制中起主要作用,了解铜绿假单胞菌的耐药现状,有利于为临床合理用药提供依据,抗生素的合理使用可减少细菌耐药性的产生,降低医院感染的发病率。     

血清肿瘤标志物在肺癌中的检测和临床意义

目的探讨4种血清肿瘤标志物糖链抗原125Ⅱ(CA125Ⅱ)、细胞角质素片断抗原(CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及神经元特异性烯醇酶(NSE)在肺癌辅助诊断中的应用价值和意义,并选择最理想的血清肿瘤标志物组合。方法用电化学发光免疫法(ECLIA)测定48例肺部良性病变、89例晚期肺癌患者血清CA125Ⅱ、CYFRA21-1、CEA及NSE的水平。结果肺癌患者的4种血清肿瘤标志物水平均明显高于肺部良性疾病组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。CYFRA21-1在鳞癌中阳性率最高,明显高于其他类型的肺癌(P<0.01)。CA125Ⅱ、CEA在腺癌中阳性率最高,NSE则在小细胞癌(SCLC)最为明显。结论合理利用血清肿瘤标志物检查肺癌患者,既有助于诊断,又可做到合理检查、避免资源浪费。     

用免疫珠试验检测不育者抗精子抗体

应用免疫珠试验(Immunobead test,IBT)检测251例不育者血清抗精子抗体及51例不孕妇女宫颈粘液抗精子抗体,将IBT与明胶凝集试验(Gelatin agglutination test,GAT)试管玻片凝集试验(Tube-slide agglutination test,TSAT)及精子制动试验(Spermimmobilization test,SIT)比较。结果表明,抗精子抗体是不育原因之一,宫颈粘液与血清中抗精子抗体的存在不一致,IBT的敏感性、特异性及重复性较好,且能作抗体分类和定位,对临床诊治免疫不育有重要指导意义。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与慢性萎缩性胃炎血清胃蛋白酶原关系的研究

我们在胃癌高发区山东省临朐县对35岁～64岁自然人群共2940人进行了血清幽门螺杆菌lgG抗体的测定.当地居民感染率为49％并与胃粘膜病变有密切关系.慢性浅表性胃炎病人中感染率仅为19％,轻度慢性萎缩性胃炎病人升至40％,在重度慢性萎缩性胃炎病人中则为63％.肠上皮化生或异型性增生病人中感染率略高于平均水平,但低于重度慢性萎缩性胃炎病人.幽门螺杆菌感染与饮水类型、教育因素有关,与年龄、家庭人口未见明显相关.幽门螺杆菌感染阳性者血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型含量均高于感染阴性者,原因有待深入研究.     

Absence of p53 mutations and various frequencies of ki-ras exon 1 mutations in rat hepatic tumors induced by different carcinogens

Mutations of p53 and Ki-ras exon 1 were investigated in rat hepatic lesions induced by four kinds of hepatocarcinogenic protocols: continuous feeding of 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′-Me-DAB), daily intraperitoneal injection of aflatoxin B, (AFB,), and the Soft and Farber regimen (Nature 236:701–703, 1976), in which diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or nitrosomethylurea (NMU) was used as initiating agents. DNA from microdissected tissue sections was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directly using primers for p53 exons 5–8 and Ki-ras exon 1 and analyzed for mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) or constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE). One or both of the p53 PCR primers were located within introns to prevent amplifying the p53 processed pseudogenes. In a total of 59 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), no p53 aberrations were detected, indicating that p53 mutations are not very important in rat hepatic carcinogenesis. On the other hand, Ki-ras codon 12 mutations were found at low frequency in HCCs, hyperplastic foci, and cholangiof ibroses induced by 3′-Me-DAB and by AFB! but not in the lesions induced by the Solt and Farber regimen. Although Ki-ras codon 12 mutations are generally infrequent in rat hepatic tumors, their incidence thus appears to vary depending on the carcinogen used for their induction. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A physiological mode of puberty induction in hypogonadal girls by low dose transdermal 17β-oestradiol

Transdermal 17-oestradiol administration (17-E₂), used mainly in menopausal women, allows a continuous 17-E₂ delivery through the skin into the systemic circulation, avoiding intestinal and hepatic passage. In order to explore whether transdermal 17-E₂ could be used for the induction of puberty, 17-E₂ patches with low dose delivery were administered in nine prepubertal girls with Turner syndrome (bone age >10.5 years) for a mean period of 2.2 years. Treatment schedule: 5 g/day for 6–9 months, 10 g/day for 6–9 months, 25 g/day for long-term substitution; addition of cyclic gestagen p.o. after 18–24 months. Breast development started within 3 months of therapy and menstruation occurred after 2 years. Growth rate increased from 3.2 to 5.0 cm/year during the 1st year of therapy, height prediction did not change. Serum oestradiol (E₂) and urinary E₂ conjugates increased proportionally with 17-E₂ doses, serum oestrone (E₁) rose much less. The possibility to imitate time course, clinical events and hormonal changes of normal puberty, the absence of adverse drug reactions and the excellent acceptance and easy mode of application suggest that transdermal 17-E₂ is optimally suited for hormonal substitution in girls with hypogonadism.Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and the LWSPE, Jerusalem November 1989     

Serum sodium levels and probability of recurrent febrile convulsions

In a prospective study of 69 children with febrile convulsions, serum sodium levels were often lower than normal (52% had levels <135 mmol/l). The mean level (134.4±0.4 mmol/l) was significantly lower as compared to a group of children without fever (140.6±0.4 mmol/l,n=23) and as compared to a group with fever but without convulsions (137.6±0.6 mmol/l,n=31). The probability of a repeat convulsion within the same febrile period appeared to be significantly related to the serum sodium level.Conclusion Measurement of the serum sodium is a valuable investigation in the child with a febrile convulsion. The lower the serum sodium level, the higher the probability of a repeat convulsion. This knowledge may be of practical value in deciding whether to admit the child or allow it to return home and in advising parents or carers of the risk of a repeat convulsion.     

Changes in thyroid function tests induced by 2 month carbamazepine treatment in l-thyroxine-substituted hypothyroid children

In five l-thyroxine-substituted hypothyroid children with partial epilepsy serum total thyroxine (T₄) and free T₄ (FT₄) significantly (P<0.01) decreased following 2 months of carbamazepine (CBZ) administration (20 mg/kg per BW per day) from mean (±SD) values of 12.7±1.1 g/dl and 15.5±1.8 pg/ml to mean values of 7.5±2.3 and 10.1±1.7, respectively. In all but one patient important changes in both serum total and free triiodothyronine (T₃, FT₃) were not observed; consequently T₃T₄ and FT₃FT₄ ratios significantly (P<0.05) increased in the whole series. Three subjects had post-treatment serum TSH that rose to hypothyroid levels parallel to a T₄ decrease. The negligible thyroid hormone secretion and the unmodified T₃-uptake (T₃U) or T₄-binding globulin (TBG) exclude direct effects of CBZ on thyroid gland and on carrier serum proteins, respectively. The findings observed, instead, might be due to accelerated T₄ metabolic clearance together with augmented T₄ to T₃ conversion rate, as previously demonstrated for diphenylydantoin. The sharp reduction in T₄ and FT₃ concentrations is the peripheral display of this event, which is associated with a decompensation of the metabolic status, as indicated by serum TSH enhancement. In all cases a supplement of l-thyroxine by itself was able to restore euthyroid TSH serum concentrations, suggesting that hypothyroidism in patients with partial epilepsy to whom CBZ had been administered requires a higher l-T₄ substitutive regimen.Abbreviations CBZ carbamazepine - DPH phentoin - T₄ thyroxine - T₃ triiodothyronine - TSH thyrotropin - FT₄ free T₄ - FT₃ free T₃ - rT₃ reverse T₃ - TBG thyroxine binding globulin - T₃U T₃ uptake - RIA radioimmunoassay Presented in part at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (Heidelberg, September 2–5, 1984) [5]     

Serum Bile Acid Levels in Preoperative and Postoperative Patients with Congenital Biliary Atresia

To elucidate the bile acid metabolism in the preoperative and postoperative stages of congenital biliary atresia (CBA), the unconjugated and conjugated bile acid levels in sera were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the mean total serum bile acid (TSBA) level in the preoperative cases of CBA was higher, 122.1±39.0 n?mol/1 (1SD), and was about 12 times higher than the level in the age-matched normal controls (9.9±6.0). Even in the non-icteric patients several years after operation, the mean TSBA level was still much higher (15.2±9.6) than that of normal controls (5.7±3.1). The mean ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid (CA/CDCA) in the preoperative and postoperative cases of CBA was less than 1.0. The mean ratio of glycine-conjugated bile acids to taurine-conjugated bile acids (G/T) in the preoperative cases of CBA was the lowest (1.9±1.1). In the clinically good cases with sufficient bile flow after operation, G/T ratio was the highest (9.3±6.5). In the normal controls and the patients with preoperative and postoperative CBA, the main bile acids were glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. These conjugated bile acids comprised more than 85% of the total in amount.