超声弹性成像技术联合血清学标志物预测2型糖尿病的应用价值

<正>多项研究表明,非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者(NAFLD)发生2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)的风险是正常人的5倍^[1-3]。在T2DM患者中,NAFLD的患病率可高达70%^[4]。肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术(tran-sient elastography,TE)是近年来新兴的超声无创检查方法,主要基于超声信号在肝组织中传播受肝细胞中脂滴的影响而出现显著衰减的原理来评估肝脏脂肪性病变,     

Changes in ultrastructure of hepatocytes and liver test results before,during, and after treatment with interferon-β in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic active hepatitis

We studied the histological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and alterations in the liver test results before, during, and after treatment with human interferon- from five patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis. A daily dose of 3×10⁶ to 6×10⁶ units of interferon- was given intravenously for four weeks. The total index of periportal and portal inflammation, intralobular degeneration, and focal necrosis before treatment was decreased significantly six months after treatment (P<0.05). Ultrastructurally, the structure of endoplasmic reticulum was irregularly shaped or fragmentally decreased during treatment, but these disappeared six or 12 months after treatment. Glycogen particles diminished greatly during treatment. The alanine aminotransferase concentrations in these patients increased during treatment. Serum albumin and cholinesterase levels decreased significantly at the fourth week of treatment (P<0.01) and at the third day (P<0.01) to the second week (P<0.05) of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that interferon- injures endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen areas and damages the cholinesterase activity in the early stage of treatment and protein synthesis in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis.     

Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans

The incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations [IgA_s] of nine individuals were examined during 12 weeks of moderate exercise training, and compared to ten sedentary controls. Changes in maximal oxygen uptake were assessed at initial, mid-point and final evaluations (T1–3), while changes in [IgA_s] and salivary immunoglobulin concentration-salivary albumin concentration ratio ([IgA_s]:[Alb_s]) were monitored at T1 and T3. During the 12 week period, symptoms of URTI were self-recorded daily. During the period of training the level of fitness significantly increased (P<0.05) in the exercise group. The number of days recording symptoms of influenza, but not of cold, and total light URTI symptoms was significantly reduced in the exercise group during the last weeks of training. A significant increase in [IgA_s] and in [IgA_s]:[Alb_s] was found in the exercise group after training. Both [IgA_s] and [IgA_s]:[Alb_s] were significantly related to the number of days showing symptoms of influenza (P<0.01) and the total number of days of sickness (P<0.05). These data provide quantitative support for the belief that regular, moderate exercise results in an increased [IgA_s] at rest and [IgA_s]:[Alb_s], which may contribute to a decreased risk of infection. Electronic Publication     

Effect of oestriol succinate on serum lipids

The series comprises 70 women with climacteric symptoms; 14 of them were oophorectomized. The first group of patients received 4 mg of oestriol succinate per day or a placebo in a double-blind experiment. In the second part of the study oophorectomized women were given 8 mg of oestriol succinate per day or 16 mg/day divided into two doses. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and serum triglycerides were estimated before drug treatment and after drug administration for three and six months. Administration of 4–16 mg/day of oestriol succinate was without effect on serum total cholesterol. A significant increase of 25–30% in HDL-cholesterol was observed following administration of oestriol succinate (8 mg or 16 mg divided into two doses) with a rising tendency in total triglyceride value.     

Thromboresistant properties of hydrophilic gels

The thromboresistant properties of hydrophilic gels based on copolymers of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic vinyl compounds with vinyl monomers were investigated. The hydrophilic gels were shown to prevent adsorption of fibrinogen, activation of procoagulants, and adhesion of platelets. Hydrogen surfaces possess selective affinity for plasma albumin. The authors consider that the thromboresistant effect of hydrophilic gels is due to the competitive action of plasma albumin. Modification of hydrophilic gels increases their thromboresistant properties.Laboratory of Thromboresistant Materials, Institute of Transplantation of Organs and Tissues, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 296–298, March, 1980.     

Diuretic treatment and serum lipoproteins: Effects of tienilic acid and indapamide

Summary Treatment with the commonly used diuretic, chlorthalidone, has previously been found to increase the serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) fraction. Therefore, the effects of two new agents, tienilic acid (a combined diuretic-uricosuric) and indapamide on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed. Six weeks of treatment with tienilic acid, 250 mg/day, markedly decreased serum uric acid and significantly increased LDL-C and triglycerides in 16 men. In contrast, indapamide 2.5 mg/day, had no apparent influence on serum lipids or lipoproteins in 18 men.Supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation     

Thermal gradients in microtitration plates. Effects on enzyme-linked immunoassay

Temperature studies of microtitration plates demonstrate that the use of a common bacteriology incubator for heating the plates can cause a phase lag of over 30 min for the fluid in the wells to reach 37°C from ambient temperature, and that a temperature gradient of as much as 1.6°C can exist between the peripheral and center wells. This gradient is a cause of the ‘rim’ or edge effect noted in enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plates. The problem is corrected by the use of a specially designed forced air microtitration plate incubator.     

Monoclonal antibodies against human granulocytes and myeloid differentiation antigens

Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with 99% pure granulocytes from normal donors or with a whole leukocyte suspension obtained from a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient, and then fusing the mouse spleen cells with a 315–43 myeloma cell clone. Four MCA were selected and studied using ELISA, immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity assays, and FACS analysis. Antibodies 80H.1. 80H.3. and 80H.5 (from normals) and 81H.1 (from CML) detected antigens expressed on neutrophils. Antibodies 80H.1 and 80H.3 (lgG) also reacted with monocytes but not with other blood cell subsets. Antibodies 80H.5 and 81H.1 (lgM) were cytotoxic and reacted strongly with most of the cells of the neutrophil maturation sequence. i.e., myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and mature granulocytes. Antibodies 80H.5 and 81H.1 also inhibited BFU-GM and CFU-E. Antigens recognized by 80H.3. 80H.5, and 81H.1 were expressed both on a proportion of cells from HL.60, KG.1, ML.1, and K562 myeloid cell lines, and on a proportion of blast cells isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. They were not found on lymphoid cell lines or lymphoid leukemia cells. These MCA recognize either late differentiation antigens expressed on mature neutrophils and monocytes (80H.1 and 80H.3) or early differentiation antigens (80H.5 and 81H.1) specific to the granulocytic lineage. They may be useful for a better definition of those antigens specific to hematopoietic stem cells and their relationship with normal or neoplastic hematopoiesis.     

Response of body temperature and serum iron concentration to repeated pyrogen injection in rabbits

We measured body temperature and serum iron concentration after five daily consecutive injections of febrile doses of Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide (0.1 g/kg) and two doses of Staphylococcus aureus cell walls (1×10⁷ and 5×10⁷ cells) in rabbits. Tolerance to endotoxin injection, as manifest by a significant attenuation in the body temperature elevation, developed after the first injection of endotoxin. The endotoxin-induced fall in serum iron concentration was attenuated significantly by the 5th day of endotoxin injection. In contrast, no tolerance developed in either the body temperature or serum iron response following repeated daily injections of S. aureus. Rabbits rendered tolerant to endotoxin showed normal febrile and serum iron responses to subsequent S. aureus injection. Rabbits given serial injections of S. aureus, although not tolerant to S. aureus itself, exhibited attenuated body temperature responses but not serum iron responses to endotoxin injection. We suggest that repeated injection of endotoxin diminishes the ability of endotoxin to stimulate endogenous pyrogen (EP) synthesis and/or release, a property not shared by the gram-positive pyrogen S. aureus. However, repeated injection of S. aureus weakens the central endotoxin-EP pathway.