Smoking-related self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention: assessing factorial validity and structural relationships in 9th-12th grade current smokers

Smoking-related self-efficacy and beliefs about the benefits of smoking are consistently related to intention to continue smoking, a common proximal outcome in youth smoking cessation studies. Some measures of these constructs are used frequently in national and state youth tobacco surveys, despite little evidence of validity for high school smokers. Further, the association of the constructs with intention has not been demonstrated in this group. The factorial validity of the measures and the cross-sectional correlations among self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention were examined among 9th-12th grade current smokers (N=2,767, 13.8% reporting smoking >1 cigarette in the previous 30 days; mean age 16.2; 61.2% white, 6.2% Black, 17.8% Hispanic, 5.0% Asian, 3.5% other; response rate 70%) from a convenience sample of 22 Texas schools. Confirmatory factor analyses supported evidence of factorial validity for the scales in this sample. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested youth smokers have low confidence in their ability to avoid smoking, believe smoking offers emotional or social benefits, and intend to continue smoking. The scales assess smoking-related self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention in this sample. Prospective studies are needed before intervention development implications are suggested.     

河南省三甲医院硕士学位护士科研能力对职业嵌入的影响:自我效能的中介作用

目的 调查硕士学位护士自我效能在科研能力与职业嵌入中的中介作用。方法 选择河南省8所三级甲等医院的397名硕士学位护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、护理人员科研能力自评量表、一般自我效能量表以及职业嵌入量表对其进行调查。结果 硕士学位护士科研能力得分为(82.14±19.68)分,处于高水平。科研能力、自我效能与职业嵌入均呈正相关(r=0.329,P<0.001;r=0.448,P＜0.001),科研能力总分与自我效能总分呈正相关(r=0.472,P<0.001)。自我效能在科研能力与职业嵌入之间起部分中介效应,中介效应值为0.111,占总效应的52.11%。结论 自我效能在科研能力和职业嵌入之间具有部分中介作用,医院管理者在制定硕士学位护士职业嵌入干预措施时,可以通过提升科研能力和自我效能的方式来提高其职业嵌入水平,稳定高层次护理人才队伍。     

Locus of control moderates the relationship between headache pain and depression

The aim of the current study was to triangulate qualitative and quantitative data in order to examine in greater detail the relationship between self-reported headache pain severity, depression and coping styles. Psychosocial scales, headache characteristic scales and in-depth interviews were administered to 71 adults with the diagnosis of primary headache. Regression analyses with the scales showed that greater self-reported headache pain severity was associated with higher levels of depression. A high internal locus of control weakened the relationship between the headache severity and depression variables. The qualitative data supported the relationship between pain severity and internal locus of control and, in addition, revealed that perceived efficacy of pharmacologic intervention might be a related factor. The results suggested that stronger coping skills might reduce depression among headache sufferers.     

Are child autism symptoms,developmental level and adaptive function associated with caregiver feelings of wellbeing and efficacy in the parenting role?

BackgroundMany parents of children with autism have low levels of mental wellbeing, which may be related to low self-efficacy in the parenting role. Few studies have investigated the impact that child characteristics such as autism symptoms, development and functioning have on parental wellbeing and self-efficacy. In this study, we investigated associations between parental mental wellbeing, self-efficacy and child measures of behaviour and function, for families participating in the Paediatric Autism Communication Trial-Generalised (PACT-G).MethodParents of children with autism (N = 248, aged 2–11 years) completed self-report measures of mental wellbeing and self-efficacy. We used a range of parent-report and researcher administered assessments of autism symptoms, child development, emotional and behavioural difficulties, language and adaptive skills. Nonparametric tests (Spearman’s correlations) and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between child characteristics and parent wellbeing and parental self-efficacy.ResultsParent mental wellbeing and self-efficacy were highly related. Results of bivariate analyses showed significant negative associations between parent-reported child autism symptoms and parental self-efficacy. Higher child adaptive behaviour was also associated with better parental-self-efficacy. However, in a multivariate regression model, only high parent reported autism symptoms were associated with lower parental self-efficacy. Parent wellbeing was not related to any feature of the child’s profile.ConclusionThese findings indicate that parent-reported autism symptoms are associated with parental self-efficacy, and that self-efficacy may be an important secondary outcome of interventions for children with autism.     

适时护理干预对肠造口患者皮肤问题、自我效能及生活质量的影响

目的：分析适时护理干预对肠造口患者皮肤问题、自我效能及生活质量的影响。方法：选择肠造口的80例患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各40例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上加用适时护理,比较两组术后造口周围皮肤问题发生率;并采用视觉模拟评分表（VAS）、造口患者自我效能表、造口患者生活质量量表（QOL）评定两组患者术后不同时间造口周围皮肤疼痛情况、干预前后自我效能、生活质量的改善情况。结果：观察组术后造口周围皮肤问题及相关并发症总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后1 d、3 d、1周、2周VAS评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）;干预3个月,观察组自我效能量表评分、QOL评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：在肠造口患者临床干预中采用适时护理可减少肠造口相关皮肤问题发生率,减轻患者术后疼痛,提高自我护理能力,改善其生活质量。     

军校新生急性应激反应的相关因素研究

目的 分析军校新生急性应激反应的相关因素,构建自我效能感、社会支持、应对方式、状态焦虑、特质焦虑与急性应激反应之间的路径模型.方法 采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES),领悟社会支持量表(PSSS),应对方式问卷,状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI),急性应激反应量表(ASRS),对584名军校新生进行抽样调查.结果 ①急性应激反应量表各因子得分较低,其中认知改变较重[(0.21±0.21)分],病理改变较轻[(0.053±0.114)分].②急性应激反应与自我效能感、社会支持及积极应对、消极应对、状态焦虑和特质焦虑显著相关(P＜0.01).③消极应对(路径系数=0.130)、状态焦虑(路径系数=0.002)和特质焦虑(路径系数=0.005)直接影响新牛的急性应激反应,同时,自我效能感(路径系数=- 1.292)通过状态焦虑间接影响急性应激反应,自我效能感(路径系数=-7.465)以及社会支持(路径系数=-0.294)都通过特质焦虑间接影响急性应激反应.结论 军校新生急性应激反应受消极应对、特质焦虑和状态焦虑的直接影响,其中消极应对方式是导致急性应激反应的最主要原因.     

自我效能感与糖尿病患者血糖控制情况的研究

目的探讨糖尿病患者自我效能感对糖尿病控制情况的影响。方法选择我院80例门诊糖尿病患者分为两组,观察组给予临床路径干预,评测两组患者自我效能感和糖尿病控制情况。结果观察组自我效能感、空腹血糖、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白控制方面都优于对照组。结论患者自我效能感的提高,改善了患者的糖尿病控制情况,满足了患者的健康需求。     

The Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale: Italian translation,adaptation, and validation of the short form

Objective: We developed an Italian version of the Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for Manual Users-Short Form (WheelCon-M-I-short form) and examined its reliability and validity.

Methods: The original scale was translated from English to Italian using the “Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures–Principles of Good Practice” guidelines. The WheelCon-M-I-short form was administered to experienced manual wheelchair users who had a variety of diagnoses. Its internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. Its concurrent validity was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients with the Italian version of the Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM-I) and the Italian version of the Barthel index (BI).

Results: The WheelCon-M-I-short form was administered to 31 subjects. The mean?±?SD of the WheelCon-M-I-short form score was 7.5?±?1.9. All WheelCon-M-I-short form items were either identical or similar in meaning to the WheelCon-M-short form items. Cronbach’s α for the WheelCon-M-I-short form was 0.95 (p?p?p?p?Conclusions: The WheelCon-M-I-short form was found to be reliable and a valid outcome measure for assessing manual wheelchair confidence in the Italian population.

• Implication for Rehabilitation

• The WheelCon-M-I-short form is a valid outcome measure available for assessing wheelchair confidence, according to Bandura’s social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is a better predictor of future behavior than skill itself.

• Translation of the WheelCon-M-short form into the WheelCon-M-I-short form provides a new tool for Italian professionals.

• Clinicians now have a method to measure this invisible barrier to wheelchair use, and they will be able to make informed decisions when prescribing the use of manual wheelchairs and when training clients in their use.

• The WheelCon-M-I-short form also provides researchers with a tool in an important and relevant area of study for future research.

     

自我效能理论在代谢综合征患者血糖控制中的应用

目的探讨自我效能理论对代谢综合征患者血糖控制的影响。方法选取100例代谢综合征高血糖患者按照随机、开放、对照、平行方法分为对照组与实验组各50例,对照组给予内分泌常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上进行增强自我效能健康宣教,比较两种方法对患者血糖控制的影响。结果3个月后实验组的自我效能评分、糖化血红蛋白及空腹血糖的控制优于对照组（ P＜0.01或＜0.05）;两组患者餐后2 h血糖控制差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论在代谢综合征高血糖患者治疗过程中应用自我效能理论,可以有效改善血糖控制。     

护士长情绪智力、自我效能与其领导行为的相关性研究

目的：探讨护士长情绪智力、自我效能与其领导行为的相关性。方法：随机抽取118名护士长作为研究对象,分别调查其情绪智力、自我效能及领导行为,并分析其相关性。结果：118名护士长情绪智力平均分为5.02分,自我效能平均分为29.06分,领导行为评分中工作绩效职能分为34.22分,职能分为33.78分,情绪智力、自我效能与其领导行为均存在相关性。结论：护士长的情绪智力、自我效能会影响其领导行为和管理能力,应注重培养和提高。