家属赋能模式在脊柱结核外科中的应用

目的:探讨家属赋能模式在脊柱结核外科患者及其家属中的应用效果。方法:将80例脊柱结核外科患者随机分为对照组和实验组各40例,对照组采用传统方法进行健康教育,实验组应用家属赋能模式实施健康教育。应用焦虑自评量表、治疗依从性问卷、家属疾病认知及陪护技能调查表对两组患者及家属进行评价。结果:实验组患者及其家属焦虑程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),患者治疗依从性、家属陪护技能及疾病认知水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用家属赋能模式进行健康教育,可显著提高脊柱结核外科患者治疗依从性及家属对疾病的认知水平及护理能力。     

自我效能干预对暴露部位烧伤整形患者应对方式及综合健康状况的效果评价

目的探讨自我效能干预对暴露部位烧伤整形患者应对方式及生存质量的影响及效果。方法将在我院烧伤整形科住院的80例暴露部位烧伤整形患者随机分为观察组和对照组，各40例，对照组采取常规护理方法和皮瓣修复手术治疗，观察组在常规护理和皮瓣手术的基础上给予增强自我效能的护理干预措施，应用一般自我效能量表（GSES）和中文版精简烧伤健康量表（BSHS-A）及医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）进行测评。比较两组患者自我效能、应对方式、生活质量的差异。结果干预后观察组患者自我效能高于对照组（P〈0．05），患者的综合健康水平高于对照组（P〈0．05），应对方式转变高于对照组（（P〈0．05）。结论自我效能干预增强了暴露部位烧伤整形患者术后解决问题、应付突发事件的自信心，改变了对应激事件的应对方式，提高了自我管理能力和综合健康水平。     

Anxiety related to discharge from inpatient neurorehabilitation: Exploring the role of self-efficacy and internal health control beliefs

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety related to discharge, among a group of 42 participants who were likely to have sustained an at least moderate to severe ABI and who were due to be discharged home following a period of inpatient neurorehabilitation. Differential relationships between psychological factors (self-efficacy and internal health control beliefs) were examined, alongside the relative influence of demographic and clinical characteristics on discharge anxiety. Data were obtained via self-report measures and retrospective reviews of participant's inpatient medical records. While relatively few participants (n = 6; 14%) reported markedly elevated trait-anxiety, almost half the sample (n = 19; 45%) reported clinically significant levels of transient state-anxiety. Notably, state-anxiety was strongly associated with discharge anxiety. Multivariate analyses revealed that age, self-efficacy and internal health control beliefs made independent contributions to self-reported discharge anxiety, with perceived self-efficacy alone explaining 69% of the variance and mediating the effects of age and internal health control beliefs. None of the other demographic or clinical characteristics examined was significantly associated with discharge anxiety. While causality cannot be inferred, findings suggest that anxiety related to discharge from rehabilitation might be best predicted by poor perceptions of self-efficacy. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.     

基于创新扩散理论为框架的循证护理干预对慢性乙型肝炎患者自我效能感及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨基于创新扩散理论为框架的循证护理干预对慢性乙型肝炎患者自我效能感及生活质量的影响。方法选取2013年10月~2016年11月我院82例慢性乙型肝炎患者,随机数字表法分为对照组(n=41)与研究组(n=41)。对照组采用常规护理干预,研究组在常规护理基础上实施基于创新扩散理论为框架的循证护理干预,两组均持续干预14 d。入院时及护理结束后统计对比两组自我效能感评分(GSES)及生活质量评分(SF-36)、抑郁评分(SDS)及焦虑评分(SAS)变化情况、护理满意度。结果研究组护理前GSES分值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),护理后两组GSES分值较护理前增高,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组护理前精力与活力、生理功能、社会功能、躯体功能、心理健康、整体健康分值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),护理后两组各维度分值较护理前增高,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组护理前SAS分值及SDS分值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),护理后两组各指标分值较护理前降低,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组护理总满意度比较,研究组95.12%(39/41)高于对照组68.29%(28/41),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实施基于创新扩散理论为框架的循证护理干预效果显著,可有效改善慢性乙型肝炎患者生活质量及自我效能感,缓解其抑郁及焦虑状态,提高护理满意度,具有推广价值。     

自我效能感与晕船症状的相关研究

目的 探讨自我效能感与晕船症状的相关，以期寻找影响晕船的心理因素。方法 对某院校参加海上实习的123名医疗本科学员用一般自我效能感量表、晕船自我效能感量表于出海作业前进行施测，用晕船症状评分量表于出海作业返回后进行评估。结果 晕船自我效能感与晕船症状显著负相关（r=-0．470，P〈0．01），而一般自我效能感量表与晕船症状的相关无统计学意义（r=-0．102，P〉0．05）。结论 晕船自我效能感可能为个体发生晕船的心理影响因素之一。     

高寒区试验部队军人自我效能、自我接纳对应激水平及应对策略的效应

目的探讨高寒区试验部队军人心理健康状态自我效能、自我评价、自我接纳与个性、应激、应对方式的相互关系。方法采用自我效能感量表(GSES)、自我接纳问卷(SAQ)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)和军人应激问卷对510名军人进行调查。结果应激、P维度、N维度高分组的GSES[分别为:(2.53±0.53)分、(2.49±0.55)分、(2.49±0.55)分]、SAQ[分别为:(21.13±4.03)分、(21.17±4.11)分、(21.23±4.15)分]均分低于相对应的低分组[GSES:(2.69±0.59)分、(2.70±0.60)分、(2.67±0.58)分;SAQ:(22.28±4.16)分、(22.36±4.13)分、(22.39±4.21)分]。GSESSAQ高分组中解决问题、求助因子分高于低分组,自责、退避低于对应组,比较差异有显著性(P<0.05或0.01)。PSESSAQ与应激、EPQ、应对方式的相关密切。结论增强自我效能感、自我评价、自我接纳的积极因素能降低应激水平,提高应付应激的能力,促进心身健康。     

A test instrument for palliative care

This article describes a methodological study concerning the development of a test instrument that can be used for measuring the effects of a course in palliative care on registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. This test instrument is comprised of two parts: an expertise and insight test and a self-efficacy instrument and is tested in three panels.The expertise and insight test appears to be usable for measuring the effects of a course in palliative care. The reliability and validity of the test were found to be adequate for evaluation of the effects of a post-basic palliative care course.The generality of the self-efficacy instrument was reduced because high-scoring items in the area of communication had to be removed. Moreover, the scores of the various categories of respondents discriminate less than expected on the basis of their previous education and the test results. Many respondents, regardless of their background, believed themselves to have a high level of competency. The self-efficacy instrument must therefore be used cautiously.     

Use of the weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire with African American women: validation and extension of previous findings

While the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL) shows promise as a measure of self-efficacy for eating control, there is a lack of research examining the psychometric properties of this measure with ethnic minorities. The current study examined the WEL with a sample of 144 overweight and obese African American females. Analyses indicated similar self-efficacy levels compared to predominantly Caucasian samples. Supporting the validity of the WEL, participants undergoing obesity treatment demonstrated modest improvement in WEL scores, while standard care participants showed no changes in self-efficacy over time. Factor analysis indicated a four-factor structure rather than the five factors previously found. The four-factor structure accounted for 61.85% of the variance. Results indicate the WEL may be a valid measure of self-efficacy for overweight and obese African American women, although researchers should be mindful of the variation in scale properties when using the WEL with this population.     

Construction and Validation of Four Childhood Asthma Self-Management Scales: Parent Barriers, Child and Parent Self-Efficacy, and Parent Belief in Treatment Efficacy

This study examined the psychometric properties of four new health belief measures for asthmatic children and their parents. A total of 110 asthmatic children (aged 7-15) and 129 parents (with asthmatic children aged 3-15) responded to a mail-out survey. Evidence for reliability (0.75-0.87) and validity was obtained for measures of Parent Barriers to Managing Asthma, Parent Asthma Self-Efficacy (subscales: attack prevention and attack management), Parent Treatment Efficacy, and Child Asthma Self-Efficacy (subscales: attack prevention and attack management). All measures were correlated in the hypothesized directions with health status, asthma symptoms, and impact of illness on the family.