高校教师完美主义与自我效能关系的研究

目的 探讨高校教师完美主义与自我效能的关系.方法 采用自编完美主义量表(SCPS)与一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对320名高校教师进行了调查.结果 ①完美主义的自省因子与自我效能存在非常显著的负相关(P＜0.01).②完美主义的自省、高标准因子对自我效能都有非常显著的预测作用(P＜0.001).结论 完美主义与自我效能存在密切关系.     

Developing teacher self-efficacy via a formal HIV/AIDS intervention

This study investigated the effects of a HIV/AIDS module on teachers' sense of self-efficacy regarding their ability to bring about behaviours in their learners which contribute to responsible living and a reduction of the spread of HIV in their communities. The sample was 128 in-service teachers studying in nine different centres in three South African provinces in their second year of a parttime degree in education. A modified Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI) was used to generate quantitative data, while semi-structured individual and focus group interviews provided qualitative data. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and MANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences between the participants pre- and post-test self-efficacy scores. Interview data suggested that improved confidence enabled the teachers to gain a better understanding of cultural barriers to HIV/AIDS education and the impediments to developing an effective HIV/AIDS policy in their schools. The study also highlighted the importance of leadership from school management for the successful adoption and implementation of an effective HIV/AIDS policy in schools. Enhanced confidence is noted as a motivating factor for teacher participation in community efforts to support those affected by HIV/AIDS.     

健康教育对消化性溃疡患者自我效能的影响

目的探讨健康教育对消化性溃疡患者一般自我效能感的影响。方法选择2007年5月～2009年5月确诊的消化性溃疡患者共72例,通过发放宣传册、建立病友交流会、严格消毒、定期随访和心理护理等形式进行两个月的健康宣教。结果健康教育后消化性溃疡的一般自我效能感与常模比较,差异有显著意义(P0.05);健康教育前后消化性溃疡一般自我效能感比较,差异有显著意义(P0.05)。结论健康教育不仅可以提高消化性溃疡患者的一般自我效能感,还可以提高患者对疾病的认识能力,从而预防疾病的复发。     

自我效能感理论在妇产科护理学技能教学中的应用

目的:探讨妇产科护理实践技能教学改革的运用效果。方法:将2008级护理专业四个班学生206人分为实验组和对照组,实验组在妇产科护理学技能教学中教师采取创造条件使学生成功、提供积极地反馈与评价、充分发挥榜样的作用、帮助学生建立积极乐观的情绪等措施。对照组采用"教师示教-学生练习、教师指导-学生回示-教师总结"的方法。结果:实验组学生操作成绩优于对照组。结论:教师可协助学生建立高自我效能感,提高技能教学的效果。     

Comparison of comprehensive and abstinence-only sexuality education in young African American adolescents

The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of sexual behavior and condom use in African American adolescents, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality and abstinence-only education to reduce adolescent sexual behavior and increase condom use. Participants included 450 adolescents aged 12–14 years in the southern United States. Regression analyses showed favorable attitudes toward sexual behavior and social norms significantly predicted recent sexual behavior, and favorable attitudes toward condoms significantly predicted condom usage. Self-efficacy was not found to be predictive of adolescents' sexual behavior or condom use. There were no significant differences in recent sexual behavior based on type of sexuality education. Adolescents who received abstinence-only education had reduced favorable attitudes toward condom use, and were more likely to have unprotected sex than the comparison group. Findings suggest that adolescents who receive abstinence-only education are at greater risk of engaging in unprotected sex.     

家属赋能模式在脊柱结核外科中的应用

目的:探讨家属赋能模式在脊柱结核外科患者及其家属中的应用效果。方法:将80例脊柱结核外科患者随机分为对照组和实验组各40例,对照组采用传统方法进行健康教育,实验组应用家属赋能模式实施健康教育。应用焦虑自评量表、治疗依从性问卷、家属疾病认知及陪护技能调查表对两组患者及家属进行评价。结果:实验组患者及其家属焦虑程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),患者治疗依从性、家属陪护技能及疾病认知水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用家属赋能模式进行健康教育,可显著提高脊柱结核外科患者治疗依从性及家属对疾病的认知水平及护理能力。     

自我效能干预对暴露部位烧伤整形患者应对方式及综合健康状况的效果评价

目的探讨自我效能干预对暴露部位烧伤整形患者应对方式及生存质量的影响及效果。方法将在我院烧伤整形科住院的80例暴露部位烧伤整形患者随机分为观察组和对照组，各40例，对照组采取常规护理方法和皮瓣修复手术治疗，观察组在常规护理和皮瓣手术的基础上给予增强自我效能的护理干预措施，应用一般自我效能量表（GSES）和中文版精简烧伤健康量表（BSHS-A）及医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）进行测评。比较两组患者自我效能、应对方式、生活质量的差异。结果干预后观察组患者自我效能高于对照组（P〈0．05），患者的综合健康水平高于对照组（P〈0．05），应对方式转变高于对照组（（P〈0．05）。结论自我效能干预增强了暴露部位烧伤整形患者术后解决问题、应付突发事件的自信心，改变了对应激事件的应对方式，提高了自我管理能力和综合健康水平。     

Anxiety related to discharge from inpatient neurorehabilitation: Exploring the role of self-efficacy and internal health control beliefs

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety related to discharge, among a group of 42 participants who were likely to have sustained an at least moderate to severe ABI and who were due to be discharged home following a period of inpatient neurorehabilitation. Differential relationships between psychological factors (self-efficacy and internal health control beliefs) were examined, alongside the relative influence of demographic and clinical characteristics on discharge anxiety. Data were obtained via self-report measures and retrospective reviews of participant's inpatient medical records. While relatively few participants (n = 6; 14%) reported markedly elevated trait-anxiety, almost half the sample (n = 19; 45%) reported clinically significant levels of transient state-anxiety. Notably, state-anxiety was strongly associated with discharge anxiety. Multivariate analyses revealed that age, self-efficacy and internal health control beliefs made independent contributions to self-reported discharge anxiety, with perceived self-efficacy alone explaining 69% of the variance and mediating the effects of age and internal health control beliefs. None of the other demographic or clinical characteristics examined was significantly associated with discharge anxiety. While causality cannot be inferred, findings suggest that anxiety related to discharge from rehabilitation might be best predicted by poor perceptions of self-efficacy. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.