The Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale: Italian translation,adaptation, and validation of the short form

Objective: We developed an Italian version of the Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for Manual Users-Short Form (WheelCon-M-I-short form) and examined its reliability and validity.

Methods: The original scale was translated from English to Italian using the “Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures–Principles of Good Practice” guidelines. The WheelCon-M-I-short form was administered to experienced manual wheelchair users who had a variety of diagnoses. Its internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. Its concurrent validity was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients with the Italian version of the Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM-I) and the Italian version of the Barthel index (BI).

Results: The WheelCon-M-I-short form was administered to 31 subjects. The mean?±?SD of the WheelCon-M-I-short form score was 7.5?±?1.9. All WheelCon-M-I-short form items were either identical or similar in meaning to the WheelCon-M-short form items. Cronbach’s α for the WheelCon-M-I-short form was 0.95 (p?p?p?p?Conclusions: The WheelCon-M-I-short form was found to be reliable and a valid outcome measure for assessing manual wheelchair confidence in the Italian population.

• Implication for Rehabilitation

• The WheelCon-M-I-short form is a valid outcome measure available for assessing wheelchair confidence, according to Bandura’s social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is a better predictor of future behavior than skill itself.

• Translation of the WheelCon-M-short form into the WheelCon-M-I-short form provides a new tool for Italian professionals.

• Clinicians now have a method to measure this invisible barrier to wheelchair use, and they will be able to make informed decisions when prescribing the use of manual wheelchairs and when training clients in their use.

• The WheelCon-M-I-short form also provides researchers with a tool in an important and relevant area of study for future research.

     

The impact of teaching experimental research on-line: Research-informed teaching and COVID-19

IntroductionAs part of the BSc (Hons) Diagnostic Radiography programme students learn and undertake research relevant to their development as first post radiographers (dose optimisation and image quality) within the Research-Informed Teaching experience (RiTe). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of RiTe to our year 2 students was moved to an online format using Microsoft Teams and Blackboard Collaborate and focused on a key area of current practice - COVID-19 and chest X-ray imaging. Within RiTe students are placed into collaborative enquiry-based learning (CEBL) groups to share tasks, but to also support and learn from one another.MethodsAn online survey was used to explore the year 2 student cohort task value and self-efficacy of this online version of RiTe.ResultsA 73% (32/44) response rate was achieved. Students found the online version of RiTe to be a positive learning and development experience. There was strong agreement that they not only found it relevant to their area of practice (task-value), but also strongly agreed that they understood and could master the skills taught (self-efficacy).ConclusionThis online version of RiTe was effectively structured to help scaffold student learning and development of research data analysis skills despite the lack of face-to-face teaching. The students also valued the topic area (COVID-19 and chest X-ray imaging). A blended learning approach with RiTe will be used next year with a combination of collaborative online teaching and physical data collection and analysis in the university-based X-ray imaging laboratory. Further evaluation and data collection will also be undertaken.Implications for practiceUniversity-based empirical work in groups to learn about research can be replaced by an online mechanism whilst still maintaining task-value and acceptable self-efficacy.     

1 + 1 = 3? The systematic development of a theoretical and evidence-based tailored multimedia intervention to improve medication adherence

Objective

To describe the development of a theoretical and evidence-based tailored multimedia intervention to improve medication intake behavior in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intervention integrates interpersonal and technology-mediated strategies with the expectation that this will work synergistically.

Methods

The development followed the Medical Research Council's framework. Three literature reviews and three pre-tests among 84 IBD patients and eight nurses were conducted to guide the development of the intervention. A feasibility study was carried out among four nurses and 29 patients.

Results

The components include: (1) an online preparatory assessment (OPA); (2) tailored interpersonal communication; and (3) tailored text messaging. To support the development, the feasibility was tested. Results indicated that the OPA was comprehensive and could be a helpful tool for both patients and nurses to prepare for the consultation. The training was evaluated as being instructive and applicable with a mean mark of 8.5. Of the developed messages, 65.6% received positive evaluations and were used in the intervention.

Conclusion

By applying the framework, we were able to describe the logic behind the development of a tailored multimedia intervention to improve medication intake behavior.

Practice implications

This study could serve as a guide for the development of other health interventions.     

Combining mHealth and health-coaching for improving self-management in chronic care. A scoping review

BackgroundSelf-management approaches are widely used to improve chronic care. In this context, health care professionals call for efficient tools to engage patients in managing their illness. Mobile health (mHealth), defined by WHO as medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, is demonstrated to enhance self-management and health-coaching as an engaging tool in supporting behaviour change. Nevertheless, it is unclear how health-coaching and mHealth can benefit from each other.ObjectiveWe conducted a scoping review to provide a literature-overview and identify any existing gaps in knowledge of mHealth in combination with health-coaching interventions for improving self-management in patients with chronic diseases.Patient involvementNo patients were involved in the review process.MethodsThe five-stage framework by Arksey and O'Malley was used. The review surveys; PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Two independent reviewers performed review selection and characterization.ResultsThe review points at two approaches; (i) coaching used to support mHealth and (ii) mHealth as support for coaching. The findings suggest that patients prefer physical interactions to telecommunication. mHealth was primarily used to facilitate telecommunication and to monitor disease aspects.DiscussionWe found that mHealth and health-coaching interventions benefit from each other. The review report on a considerable unclarity in the coaching-methods and that the patients were more satisfied with physical interactions than mHealth. We suggest to prioritize human contact and to explore more personalized health technology.Practical valueThis scoping review can provide a framework for researchers and care providers to support discussion and introduction of new approaches and technology in self-management for patients with chronic diseases, thereby improving patients’ quality of life.     

The boomerang effect of tuberculosis knowledge and self-efficacy on Chinese parents’ intention to seek timely treatment and adhere to doctors’ regimens

ObjectiveThe present study tested the level of tuberculosis (TB) knowledge of Chinese parents whose children attended kindergarten, primary school, and middle school, and examined whether their TB knowledge and self-efficacy in TB management exhibited a curvilinear relationship with their intention to seek timely TB treatment and adhere to doctors’ regimens if their children are infected with TB.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey (N = 1129) was conducted. TB knowledge was assessed based on the manual provided by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hierarchical polynomial regression was conducted to test the proposed curvilinear relationships.ResultsChinese parents lacked knowledge about risks of TB and how to prevent TB. TB knowledge and self-efficacy in TB management motivated Chinese parents to seek timely TB treatment and adhere to doctors’ regimens, but too much knowledge and self-efficacy predicted both intentions negatively.ConclusionExcessive levels of self-efficacy in self-management and health knowledge could backfire.Practice implicationPractitioners should elevate Chinese parents’ perceptions of severity of TB and susceptibility to TB. Additionally, health education should not be limited to providing medical facts but offer guidance on how to access professional medical resources. Self-efficacy in self-management should not be elevated.     

Effectiveness of shared decision-making intervention in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of shared decision-making (SDM) intervention among patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDDs) in terms of decision self-efficacy, control preferences, SDM process, decision satisfaction, and conflict.MethodsA total of 130 outpatients with LDDs recruited from orthopedic or rehabilitation clinics were randomly assigned to the SDM intervention (n = 67) or comparison (n = 63) groups. Patients in the intervention group received decision aids (DAs) with decision coaching and those in controlled group received standard educational materials from a health educator. The primary outcome was decision self-efficacy, and secondary outcomes were control preference, SDM process, conflict, and satisfaction.ResultsThe SDM intervention significantly improved decision self-efficacy (mean difference [MD] = 7.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–12.5, partial η² = 0.05) and reduced conflict (MD = −7.0, 95% CI: −12.2 to −1.9, partial η² = 0.06), especially in patients without family involvement, compared with the health education group. However, no significant between-group differences were observed in other outcomes.ConclusionSDM intervention improved SDM self-efficacy and reduced conflict in patients with LDDs.Practice ImplicationsClinicians can integrate DAs and decision coaching in SDM conversations. SDM intervention seems to engage patients in decision-making, especially those without family involvement.     

Are child autism symptoms,developmental level and adaptive function associated with caregiver feelings of wellbeing and efficacy in the parenting role?

BackgroundMany parents of children with autism have low levels of mental wellbeing, which may be related to low self-efficacy in the parenting role. Few studies have investigated the impact that child characteristics such as autism symptoms, development and functioning have on parental wellbeing and self-efficacy. In this study, we investigated associations between parental mental wellbeing, self-efficacy and child measures of behaviour and function, for families participating in the Paediatric Autism Communication Trial-Generalised (PACT-G).MethodParents of children with autism (N = 248, aged 2–11 years) completed self-report measures of mental wellbeing and self-efficacy. We used a range of parent-report and researcher administered assessments of autism symptoms, child development, emotional and behavioural difficulties, language and adaptive skills. Nonparametric tests (Spearman’s correlations) and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between child characteristics and parent wellbeing and parental self-efficacy.ResultsParent mental wellbeing and self-efficacy were highly related. Results of bivariate analyses showed significant negative associations between parent-reported child autism symptoms and parental self-efficacy. Higher child adaptive behaviour was also associated with better parental-self-efficacy. However, in a multivariate regression model, only high parent reported autism symptoms were associated with lower parental self-efficacy. Parent wellbeing was not related to any feature of the child’s profile.ConclusionThese findings indicate that parent-reported autism symptoms are associated with parental self-efficacy, and that self-efficacy may be an important secondary outcome of interventions for children with autism.     

人格特质及情绪调节自我效能感对房颤患者焦虑的影响研究：心理灵活性的调节效应

目的：探讨情绪调节自我效能感在房颤患者人格特质与焦虑的中介作用以及心理灵活性对中介效应的调节作用。方法：采用大五人格量表、情绪调节自我效能感量表、心理灵活性综合评估量表以及焦虑自评量表对天津市某三甲综合医院心律失常门诊的309名房颤患者进行调查。通过Pearson相关分析确定变量间的关联,并通过PROCESS V3.0对中介效应以及调节效应进行检验。结果：在控制性别的情况下,开放性人格特质对焦虑情绪具有正向预测作用;情绪调节自我效能感在开放性人格特质与焦虑情绪的关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的71.2%;情绪调节自我效能感对焦虑情绪的中介作用受到心理灵活性水平的调节。结论：开放性人格特质可通过改变情绪调节自我效能感进而影响房颤患者焦虑情绪发展,提高心理灵活性可以加强情绪调节自我效能感对焦虑的中介作用。     

口腔专科医院护士核心能力与一般自我效能感相关性分析

目的：了解口腔专科医院护士核心能力与一般自我效能感的关系。方法采用注册护士核心能力量表、一般自我效能感量表对北京市某三级甲等口腔专科医院的632名护士进行调查,了解护士核心能力和自我效能,分析两者的关系。结果632名护士核心能力总均分为（163．90±36．06）分,各条目均分（2．83±0．62）分,处于中等水平;一般自我效能感总均分（26．13±5．09）分,与核心能力总分呈正相关（r＝0．482,P＜0．01）;多元回归显示护士一般自我效能感对核心能力各维度均具有预测作用。结论口腔专科医院护士自我效能在不同方面影响护士核心能力,提高护士的自我效能感有助于提高其核心能力。