Wilson病患者自我效能与生存质量状况及其相关性分析

目的探讨Wilson病（WD）患者自我效能与生存质量状况及其相关性。方法采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES）和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表（ WHOQOL－BREF）对2013年1月至2014年1月安徽中医药大学神经病研究所附属医院215例WD患者和相匹配的190例健康人群（对照组）进行问卷调查,了解WD患者自我效能与生存质量状况及其相关性。结果WD组患者自我效能得分低于对照组[（2.344±0.4978）分 vs （2.611±0.4912）分],差异有统计学意义（t＝5.407,P＜0.05）;WD组患者生存质量总分低于对照组[（76.46±13.20）分vs （91.26±16.95）分],差异有统计学意义（t＝9.835,P＜0.05）,各维度得分均低于对照组（ P＜0.05）;WD 患者自我效能得分与生存质量总分及各维度得分呈正相关（ P均＜0.05）。结论 WD患者一般自我效能及生存质量低于健康人群,其自我效能与生存质量呈正相关,即一般自我效能感越好其生存质量越好。     

循证护理对糖尿病周围神经病变患者足部神经功能、自我效能及负性情绪的影响

目的:探讨循证护理在糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者中的应用价值。方法:108例DPN患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各54例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施循证护理。观察两组入院及出院时自我效能及负性情绪变化,评估患者疾病知识掌握程度及护理满意度。结果:两组出院时多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)各项评分均较入院时显著下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。两组出院时饮食控制、规律运动、用药依从性、足部护理及高低血糖预处理的自我效能评分均较入院时显著增加,且观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。两组出院时抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分均较入院时下降,且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。出院时,观察组疾病知识掌握程度及护理满意度评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:循证护理可显著提高DPN患者的自我效能及对疾病知识的掌握程度,改善负性情绪,提高护理满意度。     

癌症化疗病人疾病感知状况及其与自我效能及生活质量的关系

目的 了解癌症化疗病人的疾病感知状况,并探讨其与自我效能及生活质量的关系.方法 采用简易疾病感知问卷、一般自我效能问卷及癌症病人生活质量问卷对206例癌症化疗病人进行调查.结果 癌症化疗病人疾病感知总分为(46.89±10.73)分,自我效能总分为(23.51±6.60)分,生活质量总分为(58.39±15.66)分.除关注外,疾病感知总分及其余各条目均与自我效能、生活质量呈负相关(r=-0.59~-0.14,P<0.05);自我效能与生活质量呈正相关(r=0.45,P<0.01).在控制了人口学及疾病相关因素后,疾病感知对生活质量起负向预测作用(β=-0.68,P<0.01),自我效能对生活质量起正向预测作用(β=0.55,P<0.01).结论 癌症化疗病人存在一定的负性感知,改善负性感知和增强自我效能水平,有助于生活质量的提高.     

拔牙畏惧的患者自控疗法研究

目的：用提高患者的自控能力来缓解患者拔牙时的就诊压力。方法：对第一次拔取第三磨牙的患者作牙科畏惧评定，筛选出患有牙科畏惧症的患者，拔牙术前给予三种不同的外科准备，评价患者对自控能力的信心和术中的行为反应，并将各组结果进行比较。结果：术前放松组减轻了患者的就诊压力，改善了术中的行为反应，而术前放松强化组又优于单纯的放松组。结论：患者的自信和自控是可操纵的，这种心理辅助疗法能减轻患者面对牙科就诊的压力。     

基于危机护理理论的干预模式对非小细胞肺癌患者进行干预对自我效能感和预后影响

目的探讨基于危机护理理论对非小细胞肺癌患者进行干预对自我效能感和预后影响。方法选取我院2019年1月至2020年1月收治的非小细胞肺癌患者60例,采用数字表抽取法随机分组,就应用常规护理干预模式(对照组,n=30)与应用基于危机护理理论的干预模式(观察组,n=30)治疗依从率、心理状况评分、自我效能感评分、社会支持及简短癌因性疲乏量表评分、不良事件率展开对比。结果观察组患者治疗依从率为100.00%,明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预前,两组心理状况评分、自我效能感评分、社会支持及简短癌因疲乏量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,心理状况评分均有降低,自我效能感评分、社会支持评分均有升高,癌因性疲乏评分均有降低,且观察组更为显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组压疮、皮肤受损等不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论非小细胞肺癌患者运用基于危机护理理论的干预模式,可提升治疗依从率,改善心理状况,增强自我效能感和社会支持力度,减轻癌因性疲乏程度,降低并发症率,开展价值显著。     

血液透析患者自我管理效能和健康相关生活质量的研究

目的 调查血液透析患者的自我管理效能和健康相关生活质量(Health-related quality of life,HRQOL)并探讨两者之间的关系.方法 采用血液透析患者自我管理效能问卷和简明健康问卷调查55名血液透析患者的自我管理效能和生活质量,并采用Pearson 相关和多元回归分析法探讨两者之间的关系.结果 有效问卷55份,血液透析患者的自我管理效能与HRQOL正相关(r=0.268,P＜0.05);躯体活动自我管理效能与HRQOL显著正相关(r=0.409,P＜0.01);多元回归分析显示躯体活动自我管理效能为HRQOL的影响因子(t=3.261,P＜0.01).结论 躯体活动自我管理效能为影响血液透析患者HRQOL的因素,增加血液透析患者的自我管理效能感可以改善患者的HRQOL.     

Faulty perceptions? The impact of binge drinking history on college women's perceived rape resistance efficacy

College women who binge drink are at greater risk than their peers for experiencing an alcohol-involved rape. Evidence suggests that these women commonly underestimate their risk for assault. This study examines college women's perceptions of their rape resistance efficacy in two acquaintance rape scenarios (one involving the woman's alcohol consumption and one not) as a function of their binge drinking and alcohol-involved rape history. Alcohol-involved rape was inversely associated only with efficacy in situations involving alcohol. Binge drinking was differentially predictive of efficacy in the two scenarios, with regular binge drinkers being significantly more likely to have high perceived efficacy in rape scenarios in which they were drinking and significantly less likely than their peers to have high perceived efficacy in rape scenarios in which they weren't drinking. Findings have direct implications for both college drinking and rape risk reduction interventions, highlighting the need to address women's minimization of alcohol's impact on their rape resistance ability.     

罗伊适应模式对经皮冠状动脉介入患者睡眠及自我效能的影响

目的 探讨罗伊适应模式对经皮冠状动脉介入患者睡眠及自我效能的影响。方法 将2014年6月至2015年5月内江市第一人民医院收治的96例经皮冠状动脉介入患者随机分成观察组与对照组,每组48例。对照组患者接受常规护理,观察组患者在此基础上给予罗伊适应模式干预。对比两组患者的心理状态、睡眠质量、护理满意率及自我效能。结果 观察组患者的心理状态显著好于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者的睡眠质量、护理满意度及自我效能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 罗伊适应模式干预能够有效改善经皮冠状动脉介入患者的心理状态及睡眠质量,提高护理满意度及自我效能,促进患者的术后康复。     

Treating disability in knee osteoarthritis with exercise therapy: A central role for self-efficacy and pain

Objective. To examine the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on self-efficacy beliefs in older adults with knee osteoarthritis [OA] and to determine whether self-efficacy and knee pain mediated the effects of the treatments on stair time performance and health perceptions. Methods. Measures of self-efficacy knee pain, stair climbing performance, and health perceptions were collected prior to randomization and again at an 18-month follow up in older adults with knee OA who were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment conditions: aerobic exercise, resistance training, or health education control. All analyses were conducted on the intention-to-treat principle. Results. Both exercise treatments increased self-efficacy for stair climbing in comparison to the health education control group. Both knee pain and self-efficacy mediated the effect of the treatments on stair climb time, whereas only knee pain mediated health perceptions. Conclusions. The findings suggest that control beliefs and changes in physical symptoms such as knee pain are important outcomes in physical activity programs with patients who have OA of the knee. Moreover, these variables mediate the effects that such programs have on disability and health perceptions.     

Long-term changes of psychological factors regarding exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes after discharge and the effect of these changes on glycemic control

[Purpose] In the medical treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes, the utility of the approach using self-efficacy and stage of change has been previously demonstrated. Although the effects of short-term approaches have been shown, a few studies have examined long-term changes over time. The purpose of the present study was to investigate longitudinally the factors that affect the stage of change, self-efficacy for exercise, and glycemic control for 12 months in patients with type 2 diabetes after the intervention of the disease by receiving diabetes and glycemic control education. [Participants and Methods] The study included 29 patients with type 2 diabetes as participants who were able to follow up for 12 months after the intervention. The changes over time were investigated using stage of change and self-efficacy as psychological indicators of exercise. Factors affecting HbA1c values after 12 months of intervention were examined with information on diabetes and social background. [Results] There was no significant difference in self-efficacy for exercising at 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. In contrast, participants in the stage of change showed a significant improvement at 6 and 12 months after discharge in comparison to 3 months after discharge. HbA1c values decreased at 12 months while comparing patients after 3 months and 12 months after discharge. The only factor affecting HbA1c value 12 months after discharge was the duration of diabetes. [Conclusion] The results suggested that stage of change and self-efficacy for exercise might have a little long-term effect on glycemic control.