大学生群体中社会支持、自我效能感在应激与抑郁间的作用

目的:探讨社会支持、自我效能感在应激/抑郁间的作用机制。方法:对370名大学生施测流调中心用抑郁量表(CED-S)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)。采用层次回归分析和复回归分析验证社会支持、自我效能感在应激/抑郁间的作用。结果:社会支持×应激显著预测了抑郁的变化;自我效能感中介了应激与抑郁的关系。结论:社会支持、自我效能感在应激/抑郁间的作用机制是不同的,社会支持是调节变量,自我效能感是中介变量。     

Development and Validation of the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults

PurposeWe developed and validated a measure that assesses the latent construct of sexual and reproductive empowerment among adolescents and young adults. A specific measure for this group is critical because of their unique life stage and circumstances, which often includes frequent changes in sexual partners and involvement from parents in decision-making.MethodsAfter formative qualitative research, a review of the literature, and cognitive interviews, we developed 95 items representing nine dimensions of sexual and reproductive empowerment. Items were then fielded among a national sample of young people aged 15–24 years, and those who identified as sexually active completed a 3-month follow-up survey. We conducted psychometric analysis and scale validation.ResultsExploratory factor analysis on responses from 1,117 participants resulted in the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults, containing 23 items captured by seven subscales: comfort talking with partner; choice of partners, marriage, and children; parental support; sexual safety; self-love; sense of future; and sexual pleasure. Validation using logistic regression demonstrated that the subscales were consistently associated with sexual and reproductive health information and access to sexual and reproductive health services measured at baseline and moderately associated with the use of desired contraceptive methods at 3-month follow-up.ConclusionsThe Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults is a new measure that assesses young people’s empowerment regarding sexual and reproductive health. It can be used by researchers, public health practitioners, and clinicians to measure sexual and reproductive empowerment among young people.     

自我效能理论在护理教育中的应用及研究进展

Band ura[1]认为,人们对其能力的判断在其自我调节系统中起主要作用,并由此提出自我效能感这一概念.自我效能指人们对自己实现特定领域的行为目标所需能力的信心或信念,是人对自己是否能够成功地进行某一行为的主观判断[1].它涉及的不是技能本身,而是自己能否运用所拥有的技能去完成工作行为的自信程度[2].     

团体心理干预对大学生自我效能、自我接纳影响的研究

目的:探讨团体心理干预对大学生自我接纳、自我效能水平的影响。方法:将某院校94名1-2年级本科生随机分为实验组(n=47)和对照组(n=47)。实验组实施团体心理干预,每周1次,共10周。结果:①干预前实验组、对照组GSES总分、SAQ总分及因子分无显著差异;②实验组干预后与对照组后测时GSES总分,SAQ总分及自我评价因子分差异显著;③实验组干预前后GSES总分、SAQ总分及自我接纳、自我评价因子分差异显著。结论:团体心理干预能有效提升大学生自我效能、自我接纳水平。     

Well-Being,Self-Efficacy and Independence in older adults: A Randomized Trial of Occupational Therapy

ObjectiveThe main objective of the research was to analyze whether there were differences in the effects of individual and group occupational therapy (OT) treatment on psychological well-being, self-efficacy and personal independence.MethodA randomized clinical trial (N = 70; age = 85 years, SD = 4) comparing individual versus group occupational therapy treatment for 6 months was conducted. The evaluation was performed with the Barthel Index (Personal Independence), the Ryff Wellness Index (Well-being), the Global Self-Efficacy Scale (Self-efficacy) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (Affective state Scale).ResultsResults showed a decrease in individual treatment scores in the variables autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth and purpose in life, reflecting worse self-acceptance and negative well-being as well as a lower ability to maintain stable relationships. By contrast, group treatment users maintained more stable social relationships and exhibited a greater ability to resist social pressure, to develop their potential skills and to define their goals in life. There were statistically significant differences in overall self-efficacy (p < 0.001), emotional well-being (p < 0.001) and personal independence (p = 0.013), with better scores in group versus individual treatment.ConclusionsGroup occupational therapy interventions in older adults could be the treatment of choice in people with depressed state, improving their emotional well-being, sense of self-efficacy and level of personal independence in basic activities of daily living.     

综合护理干预对狼疮性肾炎儿童自我效能感的影响效果分析

目的探讨综合护理干预对狼疮性肾炎儿童自我效能感的影响效果并作分析。方法将就诊于2015年3月~2017年3月期间的100例狼疮性肾炎儿童患者纳入研究。根据患者的就诊时间分为对照组(单月就诊,n=50)与研究组(双月就诊,n=50)。对照组行常规护理,研究组行综合护理干预措施。比较两组护理效果。结果护理前两组的自我效能感评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);护理后,研究组自我效能感评分、自我管理效果及护理满意度高于对照组,而并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论对狼疮性肾炎儿童施行综合护理干预可以明显改善儿童自我效能感,提高自我管理效果及护理满意度,降低并发症发生率,有重要意义。     

The relationship between trauma centrality,self-efficacy,posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees: Is gender a moderator?

This study examined the inter-relationship between trauma centrality, self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity among a group of Syrian refugees living in Turkey, and whether gender would moderate the mediational effect of self-efficacy on the impact of trauma centrality on distress. Seven hundred and ninety-two Syrian refugees completed the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-28, Centrality of Event Scale and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. The results showed that 52% met the cutoff for PTSD. Trauma centrality was positively correlated with PTSD, psychiatric co-morbidity and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with PTSD only. Gender did not moderate the mediational effect of self-efficacy on the path between trauma centrality and distress outcomes. To conclude, following exposure to traumatic events, more than half reported PTSD. Perception of the future and identity construction was affected. Signs of psychological distress were evident, alongside resilience, regardless of gender.     

‘Teaching on the Run’ with Australian midwives in a tertiary maternity hospital

Teaching On The Run (TOTR) is an Australian program for health professionals involved in clinical supervision. An amended TOTR program was evaluated with midwives acting as preceptors assisting learners integrate theory with clinical practice. A mixed method study was employed to compare midwives' perceived skills and confidence before and after completion of TOTR workshops. A secondary aim explored midwifery learners' (students and new graduates) perceptions of support from preceptors during the implementation of TOTR. Sixty five midwives completed the TOTR workshops with 46 providing data before program enrolment and 1–3 months after completion of the final TOTR workshop. Significant improvements were found for midwifery preceptors with before and after comparisons using Preceptor Self-Efficacy and Self-Evaluation Questionnaires. Using the Nursing Facilitator Clinical Questionnaire, preceptees or midwifery learners (n = 49) scored the ‘qualities of their preceptors’, ‘their clinical practice’, ‘clinical learning’ and ‘how feedback was provided’ highly with no changes between 2013 and 2014. Nineteen students then participated in three focus group interviews, analyzed using a six step systematic process. One overarching theme, ‘Guiding me through’ emerged with four themes: ‘Getting to know each other’; ‘Willingness to share knowledge’; ‘Leading by example’; and ‘The system acknowledging and valuing the preceptor role’.     

产前综合干预模式对初产妇分娩应对能力及分娩结局的影响研究

目的探讨产前综合干预模式对初产妇分娩应对能力的效果及其可能对分娩结局产生的影响。方法将2012年1月~2014年2月入选的417例初产妇采用随机数字表法分为干预组214例与对照组203例,孕周28周后,给予对照组产妇常规产检与护理,干预组则在对照组基础上根据自我效能感来源的四个途径实施产前综合干预。结果干预后对照组OE-16评分与EE-16评分仅有小幅度增加,而干预组增加显著,干预前、后与对照组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后干预组CCB评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组产时疼痛程度显著轻于对照组,与对照组比较差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);此外,除新生儿1 min Apgar评分组间比较无明显差异外(P>0.05),干预组总产程时间较对照组短(P<0.05),且剖宫产率也较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论产前综合干预对提高初产妇的分娩自我效能感水平与分娩应对能力有益,是一种降低剖宫产率的重要护理举措,值得在产科临床进一步推广应用。