家庭中心式护理对产妇自护能力及产后睡眠状况的影响研究

目的:观察家庭中心式护理对产妇自护能力及产后睡眠状况的影响研究.方法:选取2019年4月15日至2020年4月15日厦门市妇幼保健院产科100例产妇为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例.对照组接受常规护理,观察组接受家庭中心式护理,观察家庭中心式护理对产妇自护能力及产后睡眠状况的影响.结果:干...     

Exploring health literacy and self-management after kidney transplantation: A prospective cohort study

ObjectiveInvestigate the influence of health literacy and self-management on complications, kidney function and graft failure after kidney transplantation.MethodsWe included patients who received a kidney transplant between May 2012 and May 2013 and monitored outcomes until December 2018. Health literacy was measured using the Newest Vital Sign and self-management using the Partner in Health scale (before discharge, and after 6 and 12 months). Subscales are aftercare & knowledge, coping, recognition and management of symptoms, healthy lifestyle. Complications were categorized as rejection, viral infections, and bacterial infections. Kidney function was measured using eGFR and graft survival using days until failure.ResultsWe included 154 patients. Higher health literacy at baseline and at 12 months was related to more viral infections (p = 0.02; p < 0.01). Lower ‘coping’ at baseline was related to more bacterial infections (p = 0.02). Higher ‘after-care and knowledge’ at 6 months (p < 0.01), and ‘recognition and management of symptoms’ at 6 months were associated with lower graft failure (p < 0.01).ConclusionHealth literacy did not influence kidney transplant related outcomes. Higher knowledge and management of symptoms were related to lower graft failure.Practice implicationsSelf-management support is a key focus for health care providers in the multidisciplinary team.     

Avanzamos en salud gracias a la aplicación salud infantil papi: programa de actividades preventivas de la infancia y adolescencia

IntroductionThe family structure and parenting are changing in society, sedentary lifestyle, the use of screens and social networks is increasing. Families and health professionals must learn to educate, adapting their health advice to the new social and digital environment.Materials and methodsA survey was sent to the representatives of more than 5000 paediatricians to renew the Well Child Visits Program of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics (AEPap). Contributions from preventive programs from Andalusia, the Balearic Islands and Asturias were incorporated. The different interventions and advice were distributed in nine age groups.ResultsPart of the recommendations are based on the work of the PrevInfad group. It uses the methodology of evidence-based medicine and performs the evaluation and synthesis of the evidence in the proposed preventive activities.The AEPap considers that the Well Child Program should be carried out by the paediatric team: the paediatrician and the nurse, thus enhancing specific skills.The WHO considers it is essential to empower individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health by making them caretakers of themselves and others, equipping them with tools that protect their well-being.ConclusionsHence, it was decided to capture the Well Child Program in the format of a free APP for mobile devices, as an innovative and affordable method of disseminating child and adolescent health. Information is given on parenting advice for family members, for children and adolescents and describes health check-ups for health workers.     

针对性护理干预对以皮肤改变为主的系统性红斑狼疮患者应对方式及自护能力的影响

目的 分析针对性护理干预对以皮肤改变为主的系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者应对方式及自护 能力的影响。方法 选取我院2021年6月-2022年6月接收的70例SLE患者为研究对象，按随机数字表法分 为对照组与研究组，各35例。对照组接受常规护理，研究组接受针对性护理干预，比较两组应对方式、 自护能力及临床指标。结果 研究组面对应对方式评分高于对照组，回避、屈服应对方式评分低于对照 组（P＜0.05）；研究组自护能力评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）；研究组红斑消退时间、溃疡愈合时间以及 住院时间均短于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 将针对性护理干预方案应用于SLE疾病治疗中，有助于提高患者 正性应对方式和自护能力，对于改善患者预后具有积极意义。     

PDCA 护理模式对颅脑外伤患者临床指标及皮瓣修复的影响

目的 探讨PDCA护理模式对颅脑外伤患者临床指标及皮瓣修复的影响。方法 选取2021年1月-2022年 12月我院收治的80例颅脑外伤患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为参考组和护理组，各40例。参 考组给予基础性护理，护理组给予PDCA护理模式，比较两组并发症发生情况、临床指标、康复效果[认 知功能（MMSE）、自理能力（BI指数）、神经功能缺损（NIHSS）情况]及情绪状况。结果 护理组并发 症发生率为5.00%，低于参考组的25.00%（P＜0.05）；护理组ICU入住时间、机械通气时间、住院时间 及皮瓣修复时间均短于参考组（P＜0.05）；护理组干预后MMSE评分、BI指数均高于参考组，NIHSS 评分低于参考组（P＜0.05）；护理组干预后HAMA评分、HAMD评分均低于参考组（P＜0.05）。结论 PDCA护理模式可提升颅脑外伤患者护理质量和效率，有利于患者认知、神经、自理能力的恢复，并且 能够调节患者情绪，加速皮瓣修复速度，促进机体康复。     

缺血性脑卒中患者心理弹性、自我护理能力与失志的关系研究

目的：探讨缺血性脑卒中患者的心理弹性、自我护理能力和失志现状及三者间的关系，为提升缺血性脑卒中患者的心理健康提供参考。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2021年11月至2022年2月在神经内科住院的140例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象，使用中文版第二版失志量表（DS-Ⅱ-C）、心理弹性量表简化版(CD-RISC10)、汉化的修正版自我护理能力评估量表(ASAS-R-C)及人口社会学资料问卷开展调查。结果：缺血性脑卒中患者失志得分为8.00(6.00,13.00)分，中高度失志发生率为70.7%，心理弹性得分为（25.43±7.89）分，自我护理能力得分为（54.31±6.94）分。缺血性脑卒中患者的心理弹性、自我护理能力均与失志呈负相关（P<0.01），心理弹性在自我护理能力与失志间发挥中介作用，中介效应占总效应比为38.15%。结论：医护人员应重点关注缺血性脑卒中患者的心理动态变化，重视患者面临的失志问题，通过提升患者的自我护理能力，维护健康心理的过程中加强对心理弹性的干预，从而有利于患者后续内在心理调节，最终达到预防或降低失志的发生与发展的目的。     

人机交互智能管理对初发2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响研究

背景 对初发2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者进行早期干预有助于延缓糖尿病进展。人机交互智能血糖监测管理是一种新型健康干预管理模式，其对初发T2DM患者疾病进展所起作用尚未明确。目的 探讨人机交互智能管理对初发T2DM患者的血糖控制和自我管理能力的影响，为T2DM患者管理策略提供参考依据。方法 采用方便抽样法抽取2016年6—12月于天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院就诊的初发T2DM患者200例，使用随机数字表法将入组研究对象分为血糖监测组与对照组。血糖监测组除采用人机交互智能血糖监测外其他干预措施同对照组，记录患者入组时和随访3个月后血糖[空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）、糖化血红蛋白（Hb A1c）]和糖尿病自我管理能力指标[糖尿病管理自我效能量表（DMSES）、自我管理行为量表（SDSCA）、2型糖尿病患者自护行为量表（2-DSCS）]。结果 随访3个月后，血糖监测组入组95例，对照组入组97例。与干预前相比，两组患者干预后FBG、2 h PG、Hb A1c水平均降低（P<0.05）,DMSES各项评分升高（P<0.05）。干预后血糖监测组FBG、2 h PG、H...     

Self-management for pulmonary fibrosis: Insights from people living with the disease and healthcare professionals

ObjectivePeople with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) consider self-management essential for maintaining health. This study aims to explore the needs and expectations of PF self-management from the patient and healthcare professionals (HCPs) perspectives.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with people with PF and HCPs. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Thematic analysis was performed using the principles of grounded theory.Results18 individuals with PF and 15 HCPs were interviewed. Common self-management components reported included exercise, nutrition, maintaining healthy mind, avoiding infections, recognising deterioration and seeking help, managing symptoms and treatments, social support, and end-of-life planning. Both groups felt that effective self-management required individualised strategies, supports, and reliable information. People with PF identified access to personal health data and self-acceptance as part of self-management. HCPs highlighted the importance of accessible supports and managing patient expectations of disease course and treatments. Some HCPs concerned about missed detection of deterioration and suggested that self-management strategies for PF may differ to other lung diseases.ConclusionThis study identified components important for self-management in PF and provides a basis for designing a PF self-management package. Practice implications: Self-management of PF can be facilitated with individualised support from HCPs and reliable information that is accessible.