Orem自护理论在新发糖尿病患者中的应用

Orem自护理论的本质是自理,患者在疾病的某一特定时期所产生的自理缺陷,需要护理人员根据具体情况,通过完全补偿性护理、部分补偿性护理和支持教育3种方式来满足患者的自理需要[1]。糖尿病是一种慢性终身性疾病,绝大部分时间需要患者自我参与治疗及护理,为了提高糖尿病患者病的     

品管圈对糖尿病患者健康促进的效果

目的：探讨品管圈对糖尿病患者健康促进的效果。方法成立品管圈糖尿病活动小组,对糖尿病患者进行持续的疾病控制管理,分析管理前后患者的自护能力与血糖、血脂及体质指数变化情况。结果经过QCC管理后患者的自护能力明显比入院时提高( P<0.01)。经过QCC活动小组管理后,患者出院6个月后的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及血脂明显下降,患者平均体质指数也明显减轻,与入院时比较差异明显( P<0.01)。结论品管圈活动对糖尿病患者进行连续有效服务,不仅能达到实现自我管理的目的,更是治疗糖尿病、控制并发症的有效途径,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

临床护理人员痛经相关因素及自护行为研究进展

本文对影响临床护理人员痛经的相关因素进行了综述,包括遗传因素、年龄及婚育情况、生活习惯、职业特性和紧张情绪与压力等,并总结了护理人员采取相应自护行为进行疼痛缓解的可行性措施.     

Two-Year Results from the Asthma Self-Management Program: Long-Term Impact on Health Care Services,Costs, Functional Status,and Productivity

Participants in a variety of health plans, clinics and employer groups were invited to participate in the Asthma Self-Management Program (ASMP), an education program designed to improve self-management skills and daily functioning in individuals with asthma. The ASMP is an 8-week classroom program that provides information on the respiratory system, trigger avoidance, use of monitoring techniques and asthma medications. After program completion, graduates were contacted at scheduled intervals to reinforce performance of behaviors that are important to asthma self-management and to collect outcomes data. This paper reports the results of 2 years of follow-up with these individuals.     

自理理论在临床护理教学中的应用效果研究

目的:研究自理理论在临床护理教学中的应用效果.方法:将我校2006级高职护理班的学生随机分成两组,实验班在临床教学的过程中强调自理理论的应用,对照班采用传统教学,进行教学效果比较.结果:两组学生的基础理论知识考核成绩无明显差异,但两组学生在整体护理应用方面有明显差异,在临床教学中应用自理理论对培养学生灵活应用基础理论知识来解决实际问题的能力上有一定的优势.强调自理理论的应用对激发学习兴趣、培养评判性思维能力有帮助.结论:在临床教学中应用自理理论有助于学生思考护理的培养,调动学习的主动性和积极性,提高学生评判性思维的能力.     

自护理论在子宫切除病人护理中的探讨

目的：探讨自护理论在子宫切除病人术后康复中（第一次翻身时间，第一次下床活动时间，肛门排气时间）所起的作用。方法：将80例腹式全子宫切除病人按随机原则分自护组和对照组各40例。自护组在常规护理的基础上，采用crem自护理论的3个护理系统，让病人参与健康决策及力所能及的自理。结果：自护组第一次翻身时间，第一次下床活动时间，肛门排气时间与对照组相比，差异有统计学意义（P＜0 .01）结论：自护理论应用于子宫切除病人护理中，使患者从被动治疗和护理转为主动参与，在较大程度上实现了自我护理，提高了生活质量。     

The social causes of inequality in epilepsy and developing a rehabilitation strategy: A U.K.-based analysis

A rehabilitation approach has been adopted for many long-term neurologic conditions, but not for epilepsy. The disabilities associated with epilepsy are cognitive, psychological, and social, which are not as readily identified by medical doctors as are physical disabilities. A rehabilitation approach moves the emphasis from a medically driven process to a focus on the personal, social, and physical context of long-term illness. It is suggested that a missed opportunity for education and support for self-management occurs after diagnosis. This results in disadvantage to those whose educational level and knowledge of epilepsy are low. People who do not achieve epilepsy control may then experience higher levels of psychological distress, and a negative cycle of loss of self-efficacy, poor epilepsy control, social disadvantage, and disability. Rehabilitation services have benefited communities surrounding centers of excellence. Not so in epilepsy. Despite centers of excellence, areas with deprivation have higher than national average levels of patients reporting a seizure in the prior year, and higher emergency hospital admissions. Specialists working in partnership with general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses can do more to increase participation and reduce distress for people with epilepsy. When available, GPs and nurses with special interest in epilepsy promote integrated services. Primary–secondary networks are likely to be more effective in preventing downward drift. This requires evaluation.     

Trajectory of self-care in people with stable heart failure and insomnia after two self-care interventions

ObjectiveTo describe (1) self-care trajectories among adults with heart failure (HF) and insomnia over 1-year; (2) the extent to which trajectories varied between cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) or HF self-care intervention; and (3) the associations between self-care trajectories and clinical and demographic characteristics, sleep, symptoms and stress, and functional performance.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of the effects of CBT-I compared with HF self-care education among adults with stable HF and insomnia. We used the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index v6.2. The analytic approaches included t-tests, group-based trajectory modeling, ANOVA, and chi-square.ResultsWe included 175 participants (M age=63.0 (12.9) years, White, N = 100]. We found four self-care trajectories: Low self-care (N = 47, 26.8%); Moderate self-care (N = 68, 38.9%): Adequate self-care (N = 42, 24.0%); and Optimal self-care (N = 18, 10.3%). There was no difference in self-care trajectories between interventions. The low self-care group had the most severe baseline fatigue, anxiety, and perceived stress, and lowest cognitive abilities.ConclusionBoth interventions prevented declining self-care. Future research is needed to determine the most efficacious intervention to improve self-care trajectories.Practice ImplicationsHealthcare providers should provide ongoing self-care support for those with persistently low and moderate self-care.