激励式护理对血液透析患者生活质量和自我护理能力的改善效果研究

目的: 探讨激励式护理对血液透析患者生活质量和自我护理能力改善的效果。方法: 将120例血液透析患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上给予激励式护理。比较两组患者的生活质量、自我护理能力、疾病防治知识掌握情况和并发症发生情况。结果: 观察组患者的生活满意、健康指数、一般感情指数以及情感得分评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者自我概念、健康知识水平、自我护理技能和自护责任感评分值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者护理后的遵医行为、并发症防治、高危因素、饮食注意事项、急救知识和技能评分观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者高血压、心力衰竭、呼吸困难、低血压并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论: 激励式护理可以改善血液透析患者的生活质量和自我护理能力,减少并发症的发生。     

Adherence to antidiabetic treatment in primary health care in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A survey including socio-demographic,patient related and clinical factors

BackgroundAdherence to medications is a critical element in diabetes management.ObjectiveTo investigate patient-related factors associated with adherence to antidiabetic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary health-care units.MethodsA cross-sectional study among patients receiving diabetes care in 18 primary care units in Mexico City was conducted. Data were collected from medical records and medical interviews. Adherence to antidiabetic therapy and patient-related factors associated with adherence were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Socio-demographic, clinical, behavioral (self-care activities including a healthy diet, exercise or physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose testing, and foot care), and patients-adherence-related factors (health-care provider-patient communication; daily and social activities, and support network; alternative treatment beliefs; comorbidity, diabetes symptoms, and treatment; side effects and treatment access) were compared between the adherent and non-adherent group.ResultsOf 319 outpatients, 48.3% were adherent to their antidiabetic therapy. In the adjusted analysis, patient-related factors associated to adherence were exercise and physical activity self-care behavior (OR=1.26; 95%CI 1.09–1.46), treatment interference with daily activities (OR=0.27; 95%CI 0.14–0.52), not satisfied with resolution of questions by the physician (OR=0.42; 95%CI 0.19–0.94), independently to increased cardiovascular risk and insulin treatment.ConclusionA low proportion of outpatients with T2D with regular primary care were adherent to diabetes treatment and this was associated with patient-related factors like answering patients’ treatment-related questions by the physician. This information may be useful to identify patients at risk for low adherence, and to guide the design of quality-of-care strategies, like diabetes education programs to address suboptimal adherence in patients, and health-care professional communication skills training, particularly in primary care health systems.     

Nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: results from a prospective, randomised trial.

AIM: The aim of this trial was to prospectively evaluate the effect of follow-up at a nurse-led heart failure clinic on mortality, morbidity and self-care behaviour for patients hospitalised due to heart failure for 12 months after discharge. METHODS: A total of 106 patients were randomly assigned to either follow-up at a nurse-led heart failure clinic or to usual care. The nurse-led heart failure clinic was staffed by specially educated and experienced cardiac nurses, delegated the responsibility for making protocol-led changes in medications. The first follow-up visit was 2-3 weeks after discharge. During the visit the nurse evaluated the heart failure status and the treatment, gave education about heart failure and social support to the patient and his family. RESULTS: There were fewer patients with events (death or admission) after 12 months in the intervention group compared to the control group (29 vs 40, p=0.03) and fewer deaths after 12 months (7 vs 20, p=0.005). The intervention group had fewer admissions (33 vs 56, p=0.047) and days in hospital (350 vs 592, p=0.045) during the first 3 months. After 12 months the intervention was associated with a 55% decrease in admissions/patient/month (0.18 vs 0.40, p=0.06) and fewer days in hospital/patient/month (1.4 vs 3.9, p=0.02). The intervention group had significantly higher self-care scores at 3 and 12 months compared to the control group (p=0.02 and p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Follow up after hospitalisation at a nurse-led heart failure clinic can improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure as well as reduce the number of events, readmissions and days in hospital.     

持续健康教育在糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者中的应用

目的：探讨对糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者实施持续健康教育的效果。方法将280例糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组140例。两组患者均给予常规的基础治疗和护理方法进行治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上应用持续健康教育。依据自我护理能力测定表( ESCA)、自制自我管理能力调查表、视功能损害眼病患者生活质量量表对糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者的健康教育结果、自我管理能力和生活质量的水平进行评价。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果实施健康教育前两组患者ESCA 4个维度评分及总分、生活质量评分差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);实施健康教育后,观察组患者ESCA总分为(122.1±11.7)分,生活质量总分为(47.1±4．2)分,均高于对照组(106.0±10.3),(34.6±4.1)分,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.692,8.926;P<0.05), ESCA 4个维度评分两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者在对疾病的自我管理能力优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论持续健康教育能够提升糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者健康教育的效果,提高患者自我管理能力,改善其生活质量。     

Building skill in heart failure self-care among community dwelling older adults: Results of a pilot study

Objective

Most of the day-to-day care for heart failure (HF) is done by the patient at home and requires skill in self-care. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT) we tested the efficacy of a community-based skill-building intervention on HF self-care, knowledge and health-related quality of life (HRQL) at 1- and 3-months.

Methods

An ethnically diverse sample (n = 75) of patients with HF (53% female; 32% Hispanic, 27% Black; mean age 69.9 ± 10 years) was randomized to the intervention group (IG) or a wait-list control group (CG). The protocol intervention focused on tactical and situational HF self-care skill development delivered by lay health educators in community senior centers. Data were analyzed using mixed (between–within subjects) ANOVA.

Results

There was a significant improvement in self-care maintenance [F(2, 47) = 3.42, p = .04, (Cohen's f = .38)], self-care management [F(2, 41) = 4.10, p = .02, (Cohen's f = .45) and HF knowledge [F(2, 53) = 8.00, p = .001 (Cohen's f = .54)] in the IG compared to the CG.

Conclusions

The skill-building intervention improved self-care and knowledge but not HRQL in this community-dwelling sample.

Practice implications

Delivering an intervention in a community setting using lay health educators provides an alternative to clinic- or home-based teaching that may be useful across diverse populations and geographically varied settings.     

综合护理干预对前列腺增生症合并腹股沟疝术后自我护理及生活质量的影响

目的探究综合护理干预对前列腺增生症合并腹股沟疝术后自我护理及生活质量的影响。 方法选取2018年3月至2020年3月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院就诊的132例前列腺增生症合并腹股沟疝术后患者,采用随机表法分为对照组和观察组,各66例。比较2组患者术后恢复情况、并发症发生率以及2组患者在护理干预前、出院时的焦虑自评量表（SAS）、自评抑郁量表（SDS）、生活质量调查简表（SF-36）评分,出院时患者对护理工作的满意度调查结果。 结果观察组患者术后恢复时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者术后的并发症发生率（3.03%）远低于对照组术后并发症发生率（9.09%）（P<0.05）。2组患者出院时SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,且观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。出院时,2组患者生理健康总评（PCS）和心理健康总评（MCS）评分均较干预前有所升高（P<0.05）,且观察组PCS和MCS评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。出院时,观察组患者对护理工作各项满意度的评分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论综合护理干预对前列腺增生症合并腹股沟疝患者的术后自我护理有着极好的引导作用,患者能够尽快适应术后变化,进而调动患者的自主能动性,提高患者生活质量。     

分组护理对精神病患者的康复效果观察

目的探讨分组护理对精神病患者康复的效果。方法对慢性、流浪救助精神病患者30例进行分组,部分恢复期患者参与帮助,以传递爱心为主线,在护士指导下对慢性、流浪救助患者分别给予技能训练、康复指导和爱心帮扶。运用日常生活能力量表（ADL）及住院患者观察量表（NOSIE）分别在分组护理前、后进行综合评定,总结患者的临床效果及康复情况。结果经过1年的分组护理,除吃饭、如厕和精神病表现外,患者其余项目的自理能力、社会功能、社会兴趣、个人整洁、总积极因素评分显著高于分组前,而激惹、迟缓、抑郁总消极因素评分低于分组前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论对慢性、流浪救助精神病患者实行分组护理可明显提高患者的日常生活能力和社会功能。     

Impact of an educational intervention in the management of individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus using insulin therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of problematizing intervention in the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodologyA randomized clinical trial was conducted in 41 patients ages 18 to 64 with type 2 diabetes who were treated with insulin and had glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 7.0%. The mean age of participants was 55.9 (SD = 5.49). A high percentage of patients had comorbidities such as hypertension (92.7%), dyslipidemia (68.3%), overweight (95%), retinopathy (41%), and neuropathy (39%). The patients in the intervention group participated in 6 educational groups using problematization methodology, whereas the patients in the control group attended only routine consultations. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and lifestyle variables were assessed.ResultsAfter 6 months of follow-up, no statistically significant difference in glycemic control and anthropometric parameters was observed between participants in either study group. The intervention group showed an increase in knowledge about the disease, and an improvement in total cholesterol and uric acid levels.ConclusionThe use of a problematizing intervention provided an improvement in behavioral as well as specific clinical parameters, compared to routine diabetes care. However, longer follow-up time for these patients could bring benefits regarding glycemic control.     

问题导向式护理干预对老年2型糖尿病患者自护能力及疾病感知能力的影响

目的探究问题导向式护理干预对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者自护能力和疾病感知能力的影响。 方法选择2016年11月至2018年11月海军第九七一医院的老年T2DM患者42例,进行为期6个月的问题导向式护理干预。对比护理干预前后患者的血糖控制情况、自护能力和疾病感知能力。自护能力使用糖尿病自护行为量表进行评价,疾病感知能力使用糖尿病疾病感知问卷简表进行评价。干预前后各指标的比较采用t检验。 结果与干预前比较,护理干预后患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均明显下降（t=5.183、14.188、4.926,P<0.05）,自护能力各项目（总体饮食、具体饮食、运动、血糖测试、足部护理、吸烟）和疾病感知能力各项目（认知描绘、情绪描绘、综合理解）评分均明显提高（t=14.730、12.965、6.414、10.995、10.525、10.502、9.879、10.926、23.662,P<0.05）。 结论问题导向式护理干预能够通过提高老年T2DM患者的自护能力和疾病感知能力,达到更好地控制血糖的目的。