眼外伤继发青光眼临床分析

本文对我院的１７２例１７３只眼外伤继发青光眼的原因和治疗情况进行了分析。本病占同期住院眼外伤患者的１２．７％。晶体源性为眼外伤继发青乐眼的首位原因占４１．０％,其次为眼内出血占３３．５％,第三为房角挫伤占１２．１％。治疗则根据不同的原因采取不同的措施。治疗后近期有８０．９％的患眼眼压≤２．７９ｋＰａ,有５４．９％的患眼视力有不同程度增加。文中对眼外伤继发青光眼的发病机理进行了论述,提出了防治原则。     

葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障的效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月住院治疗的28例（32眼）葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障患者的临床资料,比较术前、术后视力及眼压。结果 术后1周及12个月矫正视力提高30眼（93.75%）。25眼（78.13%）术后1周眼压控制在正常范围,7眼（29.91%）需加以抗青光眼药物治疗。2眼（6.25%）术后1个月眼压仍高,再次手术,术后眼压控制在正常范围。术后1周及术后12个月视力、眼压与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 对葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入术同时联合抗青光眼手术（包括小梁切除术和虹膜周边切除术）可有效降低眼压,提高视力。     

Treatment of secondary pneumothorax with interstitial lung disease: the surgical indications at the start of treatment is important

BackgroundSecondary pneumothorax with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is often difficult to treat in comparison to primary pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actual management and outcome, and to find the most effective treatment.MethodsAmong 180 patients with pneumothorax caused by ILD, who were managed between January 2000 and April 2021, 129 patients were included. Fifty-one patients with observation only were excluded. In the present study, a patient was considered to be cured if their chest tube could be removed.ResultsThe managements included chest tube drainage alone (n=41), pleurodesis (n=67), bronchoscopic treatment (n=14), and surgery (include overlapping cases) (n=25). The mean number of pleurodesis treatments was 2.4 (range, 1–9), and the most frequently used agent was blood-patch. All patients who received bronchoscopic treatment underwent bronchial occlusion with silicon spigots. The surgical procedures included bullectomy (n=20), lung cyst ligation (n=3), pleural covering with oxidized cellulose sheet (n=1), and spraying of fibrin glue alone (n=1). One hundred patients (77.5%) were curatively treated, 27 patients (20.9%) died, and 2 patients were transferred without chest tube removal. Among 25 patients who received surgery [including 6 patients with performance status (PS) ≥2], 24 patients (96.0%) were cured, and 1 patient died due to an acute exacerbation of ILD after surgery. The univariate analysis revealed that PS ≥2 and >3 pleurodesis treatments were significant non-curative factors, while steroid treatment before the development of pneumothorax was not.ConclusionsThe outcomes of surgery for pneumothorax in patients with ILD were good, and it is desirable to consider the surgical indications.     

外科治疗颞叶继发性癫痫的临床分析

目的 探讨颞叶继发性癫痫的原因并总结手术治疗经验。方法 对我院自1994年1月至2002年12月手术治疗的26例颞叶继发性癫痫患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。手术方式是在皮层脑电图(ECoG)监测下采用病灶切除、病灶周致痫皮质切除、前颞叶切除和病灶周围皮质区多处软膜下横纤维切断等多种方法的组合。结果 26例病人无手术死亡及并发症。23例病人随访3个月∽7年，症状完全消失者16例(占69．6％)，术后癫痫发作显著减少者(发作频率不到原来的25％)5例(21．7％)。术后癫痫发作减少者(发作频率不到原来的50％)2例(8．7％)。结论 多种手术方法结合治疗颞叶继发性型癫痫患者安全有效。     

Mid-mediastinal parathyroid lesions: Preoperative localization and surgical approach in two cases

Although hyperfunctioning mediastinal parathyroid lesions that require median sternotomy or thoracotomy for removal are occasionally present, the majority are located in the anterior mediastinum closely associated with the thymus. Only eight cases of ectopic hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors in the middle mediastinum have been reported. We experienced two cases of either persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism in which abnormal parathyroid tissue was located in the aorticopulmonary window. One of the patients had a parathyroid adenoma and the other had metastatic lesions of parathyroid carcinoma. In both cases, thallium scanning proved useful in identifying the lesions while computed tomography scan was effective for mediastinal three-dimensional localization. In one case, single photon emission computed tomography imaging with thallium proved beneficial for both identification and localization of the middle mediastinal lesion. The surgical approach used in both cases was different. In one case, left thoracotomy was performed, after which the ligamentum arteriosum was divided, and an adenoma anterior to the left main bronchus and posterior to the left pulmonary artery removed. In the other case, two metastatic tumors of parathyroid carcinoma anterior to the right main bronchus and posterior to the right pulmonary artery were resected through a median sternotomy and opening of the pericardium.     

Coexistent Thyroid Pathologies and High Rate of Papillary Cancer in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Controversies About Minimal Invasive Parathyroid Surgery

Thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid diseases associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may cause difficulties in the diagnosis, localization and therapy of PHPT. In this study, we analysed coexistent thyroid pathologies in 51 patients who underwent neck exploration with a diagnosis of PHPT between 1999-2002. Five hundred thirteen patients who underwent thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid disease without a parathyroid pathology in histopathological examination served as controls. In patients with PHPT there were 43 cases (84.3%) of coexistent thyroid pathology. Nine patients (17.6 %) had coexistent papillary thyroid cancer. Nine patients (17.6 %) had lymphocytic thyroiditis, two (3.9%) had benign thyroid adenoma and 24 (47%) had nodular hyperplasia. In one patient (2%), there was intrathyroidal metastasis from a parathyroid cancer. One patient had coexistent lymphocytic thyroiditis and multifocal papillary cancer. One of the two cases with thyroid adenomas was Hürthle cell type. In the control group only 28 patients (5.5%) had thyroid malignancy (27 papillary cancer and one follicular cancer). In conclusion, the coexistent thyroid pathologies are highly prevalent in patients with PHPT and pre-and intra-operative thyroid examination should be performed to avoid overlooking important thyroid pathologies.     

不同血液透析方法对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：分析慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢状况,研究不同血液透析方法对钙磷代谢的影响,为临床治疗提供依据。方法：收治维持性血液透析患者125例,将患者分为单纯血液透析组（单纯HD组）及混合透析组,对这两组的血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、钙磷乘积等指标进行统计学分析。结果：125例患者血钙平均值2．14±0．29mmol／L．血钙〈2．1mmol／L41例（32．8％）。血磷平均值2．01±0．77mmol／L,血磷〉1．78mmol／L67例（53．6％）,iPTH平均值315．76±371．75pg／ml,iPTH〈150pg／ml55例（44％）,iPTH〉300pg／ml45例（36％）,其中iPTH〉1000pg／ml8例（6．4％）。与单纯HD组相比,混合透析组血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积及iPTH等指标明显低于单纯HD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：有相当比例的血液透析患者未能满意的控制钙磷代谢紊乱及其继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进,应进一步加强透析,可联合血液透析滤过及血液灌流等透析方式来加强对钙磷及iPTH的控制。     

Hypertension,Coronary Artery and Cerebrovascular Diseases in the Population. Has Epidemiology Changed in the Last Decades?

Life expectancy has significantly increased in the last decades in many western populations, due to the fall of total and cardiovascular death rate. However, morbidity from cardiovascular diseases has decreased to a smaller extent. The overall population risk profile has improved, but it is still unsatisfactory. This is true for blood pressure control (with only 20% of hypertensive patients achieving normotension with antihypertensive drugs), hypercholesterolemia (with bordeline-high serum cholesterol levels in 50% of the population), and smoking habits. Other potential causes of the poor cardiovascular prevention are: 1) a limited knowledge of the optimal blood     

二级麻醉药物喷射与挥发式蒸发器的设计与理论分析

目的:麻醉蒸发器是麻醉机的重要部件之一,针对目前的麻醉蒸发器药物输出浓度受各种因素的影响而无法达到高精度平稳给药的问题,设计二级麻醉药物喷射与挥发式蒸发器。方法:利用计算流体力学方法(CFD)及药物的物理特性对蒸发器内部药物流动、浓度场的变化进行三维计算,并对控制合理性进行论证。结果:计算出建立二级麻醉药物喷射与挥发式蒸发器三维模型的相关数据。结论:通过运用流体力学方法对各种数据进行计算,可为二级麻醉药物喷射与挥发式蒸发器的设计提供理论依据。