经皮骨成形术治疗跟骨血管瘤1例

经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱侵袭性血管瘤已取得良好的疗效,然而,其在非脊柱骨血管瘤治疗方便应用较少.发生于跟骨的血管瘤非常少见,同时接受经皮骨成形术治疗的跟骨血管瘤病例更是罕见,现将我科1例随访3年的跟骨血管瘤患者报道如下.     

四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的X线及MRI表现

目的：探讨四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的 X 线及 MRI 表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理及 DSA 证实的89例四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形患者的临床、影像资料,其中89例均行 X 线平片检查,33例行 MRI 检查。结果 X 线检查中,骨质及软组织影未见异常者54例(60.7%),软组织异常者14例(15.7%),可见静脉石者30例(33.7%);骨质异常者32例(36.0%),其中伴骨膜反应者13例,皮质破坏16例,髓腔受累者10例,三者均受累者为7例弥漫性病灶。MRI 图像上,病灶呈蜂窝状或海绵状,T1 WI 上呈等低信号者25例(75.8%),低信号5例(15.2%),不均匀稍高信号3例(9.0%);T2 WI 上病灶为不均匀高信号伴低信号分隔,范围及边界显示清楚,其中9例内部可见低信号区伴血管流空影;检出静脉石10例(30.3%),呈低信号;增强后病变不均匀明显强化。骨质异常者18例(54.5%),均可见病灶紧邻骨质或呈半包绕、包绕改变,其中12例髓腔内可见异常信号影,3例为迂曲血管流空影。在15例(45.5%)骨质无改变患者中,3例病灶邻接骨质,余12例病灶与骨间隔以脂肪或肌肉组织。结论四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形可引起邻近骨质的异常,掌握其 X 线及 MRI 表现特征,有助于提高对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。     

长脉冲可调脉宽 Gentle-YAG激光治疗血管性皮肤病疗效分析

目的:探讨长脉冲可调脉宽激光技术治疗蜘蛛痣、鲜红斑痣、毛细血管瘤、化脓性肉芽肿、毛细血管扩张症等血管性疾病的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2011年2月至2016年4月本院收治的146例蜘蛛痣患者、45例鲜红斑痣患者、398例单纯性毛细血管瘤患者、106例混合型血管瘤患者、95例化脓性肉芽肿患者及54例毛细血管扩张症患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受长脉冲可调脉宽激光治疗。结果:1蜘蛛痣、鲜红斑痣、单纯性毛细血管瘤、混合型血管瘤、化脓性肉芽肿、毛细血管扩张症的治疗有效率分别为100.0%、82.2%、100.0%、87.7%、100.0%、100.0%。经疗效评价,6组患者疗效相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),蜘蛛痣组、单纯性毛细血管瘤组、化脓性肉芽肿组患者的疗效均显著优于鲜红斑痣组、混合型血管瘤组、毛细血管扩张症组(P<0.05),毛细血管扩张症组的疗效显著优于鲜红斑痣组、混合型血管瘤组(P<0.05),混合型血管瘤组的疗效显著优于鲜红斑痣组(P<0.05),蜘蛛痣组、单纯性毛细血管瘤组、化脓性肉芽肿组患者治疗效果相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。26组患者萎缩性瘢痕、色素减退、色素沉着等不良反应发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:长脉冲可调脉宽激光技术治疗血管性疾病的疗效确切、安全性好,且以蜘蛛痣、化脓性肉芽肿、单纯性毛细血管瘤的治疗效果最佳。     

卵巢硬化性间质瘤的CT、MR表现及其病理基础

目的探讨卵巢硬化性间质瘤的CT、MRI表现及其病理组织特征,以期提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析30例经手术病理证实的卵巢硬化性间质瘤临床资料、CT（22例）和MR（8例）图像及病理资料,分析卵巢硬化性间质瘤的CT和MR表现及病理学特征。结果30例卵巢硬化性间质瘤均为单发,右侧18例,左侧12例。肿瘤长径1.5~12.3cm。肿瘤呈均匀实性12例（12/30）,呈囊实混杂性18例（18/30）,囊实性肿块在T2WI上表现为“湖岛征”。CT和MR增强扫描肿瘤实质呈现3种类型强化方式：（1）早期周边显著强化,后期向心性渐进,类似“肝脏海绵状血管瘤”强化方式（16例）;（2）早期明显均匀强化,后期持续强化（10例）;（3）早期轻度强化,后期持续强化,但强化程度不如（1）和（2）类型（4例）。病理检查30例均可见假小叶结构、印戒细胞、致密胶原纤维、疏松水肿结缔组织及丰富血管。免疫组化Vimentin、SMA及PR均（+）;CK、EMA和S-100均（-）。结论卵巢硬化性间质瘤大多有较典型的影像学及病理组织学表现,CT和MR检查对术前准确诊断有较高价值。     

大型海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的体积分割伽玛刀治疗

目的 研究按体积分割分次伽玛刀治疗大型海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的治疗效果和副反应发生情况。方法 分析18例直径大于3 cm的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤患者,均采用体积分割的方式予以2~4次伽玛刀治疗,首次治疗一般选择肿瘤的基底部,边缘剂量为13 Gy,其后每次治疗间隔3~12个月,边缘剂量根据肿瘤的缩小情况以及解剖位置取12~13 Gy,并保证9 Gy的剂量曲线不与视神经和视交叉重合。结果 随访6~51个月,平均随访18个月,所有患者在第1次伽玛刀治疗后3~6个月就可见病灶明显缩小,5例患者在首次治疗3个月后病灶体积缩小25.3%~46.6%,平均缩小36.7%,13例患者首次治疗6个月后病灶体积缩小25.8%~65.5%,平均缩小47.1%。随着剩余分次伽玛刀治疗的完成,病灶继续缩小。所有患者在伽玛刀治疗后未出现临床症状加重以及新的神经功能受损,其中15例患者在第1次治疗后3~6个月后症状就得到改善,3例患者复查中症状无明显变化,症状改善率为83.3%。结论 采用从基底部开始的体积分割分次伽玛刀治疗大型海绵窦海绵状血管瘤是一种安全有效的治疗方式,在有效控制肿瘤生长的同时能改善患者的临床症状,可作为此类病变的主要治疗方式。     

Cystic cavernous hemangioma of the liver

We report an unusual case of multilocular cystic cavernous hemangioma of the liver. The patient was a 61-year-old woman without liver disfunction but who had multicystic mass lesions in the liver. Although cavernous hemangiomas are usually accurately diagnosed by the various imaging modalities, our case showed atypical features.     

MRI对诊断眼眶内海绵状血管瘤的影像价值

目的探讨MRI在眼眶内海绵状血管瘤的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法收集我院2011年1月至2014年1月共15例经手术和病理证实的眼眶内海绵状血管瘤病例,对患者术前MRI检查图像进行回顾分析。结果眼眶内海绵状血管瘤,呈类圆形或梭形,边缘光整清楚。其内信号均匀T1WI呈等低信号、T2WI-SPAIR呈高信号,边缘清楚,部分夹杂有斑点状T1WI、T2WI低信号钙化,大部分病灶边缘T2WI可见"晕环征"。增强扫描能够有效显示海绵状血管瘤的特征渐进性强化。结论 MRI可清楚地反映眼眶内海绵状血管瘤的MRI形态、大小、范围等。     

Prenatally detected umbilical cord tumor as a sign of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis

We report a case of a prenatally detected hemangioma of the umbilical cord as an early sign of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH). The newborn was diagnosed with multiple hemangiomas in the liver, intestines, skin, and brain. Prenatal ultrasound findings, neonatal appearance of the hemangiomas, and the associated complications are illustrated. Interdisciplinary investigations as well as operative and systemic treatment approaches proved to be challenging. This case illustrates how prenatal ultrasound with color Doppler facilitates the early diagnosis of DNH and can help through the early referral to specialized centers for appropriate treatment.     

Role and pitfalls of hepatic helical multi-phase CT scanning in differential diagnosis of small hemangioma and small hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM To compare and analyze the contrast enhancement appearance of small hemangioma (SHHE) and small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) with helical multi-phase CT scanning so as to determine their roles and pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of SHHE and SHCC.METHODS The pre and postcontrast CT scanning of the liver in 73 cases (38 SHHE, 35 SHCC) were carried out. The first phase scan of the entire liver began at 30s after the injection of contrast medium, the second and third phases began at 70s, and 4min respectively. The contrast enhancement patterns and characteristics of all lesions were observed and compared.RESULTS In SHHE, 64.29% (27/42) had typical manifestations in two-phase dynamic scanning, such as peripheral dramatic high-density enhancement of the lesions with progressive opacification from the periphery toward the center, 30.95% (13/42) were hyperdense in both phases and 4.76% (2/42) were hypodense in both phases. In the third phase scanning, 96.67% (28/30) of SHHE were hyperdense and isodense. In SHCC 59.52% (25/42) presented typical appearances, such as hyperdense in the first phase and hypodense in the second phase, 23.81% (10/42) were hyperdense in the first phase and isodense in the second phase with 4.76% (2/42) of hypodense in both phases. In the third phase scanning, 85.71% (24/28) of SHCC were hypodense.CONCLUSION According to the contrast enhancement patterns of SHHE and SHCC in the two-phase or multi-phase scanning by helical CT, diagnosis can be established in the majority of lesions, while some atypical cases needed MRI for further investigation.