椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现及鉴别诊断价值。方法:将经手术病理证实的6例椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现与硬膜外其他病变进行鉴别。结果:6例T1加权像呈等或略高信号,T2WI为高信号,增强扫描均匀一致强化。5例位于胸段椎管内,1例位于颈胸段,均沿脊髓长轴生长。2例位于脊髓背侧,呈钳状包绕脊髓,4例位于脊髓侧后方,沿相邻椎间孔向外生长,并使椎间孔扩大。结论:椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤是罕见的良性病变,并有其特征性表现。MRI是目前最为可靠的术前检查手段,但最终确诊仍需结合临床及病理。     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨MRI、MRA和CT对颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的颅内海绵状血管瘤26例患者的影像学资料。结果 26例中，16例行CT检查，23例行MRI检查，12例行MRA检查。所有病例都属脑内型，可位于脑内任何部位，单发病灶多见，周围无或轻度水肿。脑内型海绵状血管瘤MRI T2WI表现为桑椹状混杂高信号，周围有低信号环绕，增强后病灶大都无强化；MRA检查未见异常血管；CT平扫为稍高密度影。结论 颅内海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现较有特异性，综合MRI、MRA和CT表现可明确诊断。在颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断方面MRI优于CT。     

Treatment of hemangioma by transfection of antisense VEGF gene

The effect of transfection of antisense vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） gene on the growth of hemangioma was studied. A total of 49 cases of capillary hemangiomas of the skin were collected. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PCNA in hemangioma tissues. According to the finding, 49 cases of hemangiomas fell into proliferating phase （27 cases） and involuting phase （22 cases） respectively. Another 5 cases of normal skin tissues adjacent to the tumor tissues served as control. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of VEGF in the tumor tissues and the normal tissues. The average absorbance （A） values and the average positive area rate of VEGF were measured by image analysis system （HPIAS-2000）. Endothelial cells from the tumor tissues in proliferating phase were cultured. Eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by sub-cloning, and transfected into human hemangioma endothelial cells by using cation liposome as vector. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay （IFA）, respectively, and the biological characteristics of the transfected endothelial cells were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry （FCM） after transfection. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of VEGF in proliferating endothelial cells was remarkably higher than those in involuting endothelial cells and normal endothelial cells （P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF between involuting endothelial cells and normal ones （P〉0.01）. Electrophoresis and sequencing indicated that the eukaryotic expression vector containing antisense VEGF gene, i.e. pcDNA3.1-VEGF, was success- fully constructed. After VEGF antisense RNA recombinant was transfected into hemangioma endothelial cells, RT-PCR revealed that the expression of VEGF mRNA in pcDNA-VEGF （V） group and blank group was obviously higher than that in pcDNA-VEGF （A） group, and that the expression of endogenous VEGF mRNA in pcDNA-VEGF （A） group was significantly inhibited. Immunohistochemical result demonstrated that, compared with blank group, there was statistically significant difference between pcDNA-VEGF （A） and pcDNA-VEGF （V） groups （P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference between pcDNA-VEGF （V） group and blank group （P〉0.05）. The activity of endothelial cell proliferation was reduced significantly after transfection, and obvious apoptosis occurred in hemangioma endothelial cells after transfection of antisense VEGF. It was suggested that VEGF plays an important role in the pathological change of hemangiomas by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Antisense VEGF gene transfection could effectively inhibit the growth of hemanioma endothelial cells.     

"阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤的疗效评价

目的：采用"阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤,探讨其疗效及安全性。方法：治疗前对98例婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤患儿进行全面评估,并行心电图、心脏彩超、血糖、肝功能、肾功能、心肌酶和血常规检查,排除禁忌证后均给予"阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗,剂量从0.5mg·kg^-1·d^-1逐渐增加至4.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,分3次口服,服药前和服药后1和2h监测心率,动态观察瘤体大小、质地、颜色等变化及患儿有无相关不良反应,每个月复诊,按4级评分法进行疗效评价。结果：服药后,98例患儿瘤体均出现不同程度颜色变浅或质地变软,普茶洛尔剂量增至4.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1后瘤体性质变化最快。疗效评价,Ⅳ级（优）84例（85.71%）,Ⅲ级（好）2例（2.04%）,Ⅱ级（中）4例（4.08%）,Ⅰ级（差）8例（8.16%）。混合型血管瘤的疗效优于深层血管瘤（P<0.05）。74例血管瘤患儿痊愈时间为6个月。主要不良反应,心率下降5例（5/98,5.10%）,嗜睡3例（3/98,3.06%）,腹泻7例（7/98,7.14%）,食欲不振1例（1/98,1.02%）,抽搐2例（2/98,2.04%）,给予对症处理后均恢复正常。停药后2个月复发4例,继续服药仍然有效。结论："阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤疗效明显,且无严重不良反应发生。     

肺部硬化性血管瘤的CT表现与病理对照简

目皓探讨肺硬化性血管瘤的CT影像特征和病理对照,以提高诊断水平。方法通过对7例经穿刺或手术病理证实为肺硬化性血管瘤患者的CT征象进行回顾性分析。结果病灶分布右肺中叶1例,右肺下叶3例,左肺下叶2倒,左肺上叶1例。结节影5例,浅分叶1例。胸膜粘连增厚、空泡征,出现2例,周围磨玻璃样影1例,二者均未见毛刺征。钙484例,为斑片状、沙砾状及点状钙化。空气半月征5例,晕征5例,血管紧贴征5例,接近肺门血管者血管紧贴征更明显。强化情况,明显强化4例,其中2例均匀、2侈1不均匀,另2侈0为渐进性强化,1例未行增强扫描,经穿刺活检得到证实。结论肺部硬化性血管瘤具有多种CT表现,对于典型肺硬化性血管瘤影像征象,可以做出正确诊断,而不常见CT特征的病例,寻找典型特点并结合临床,亦可做出提示性诊断。     

肝海绵状血管瘤的选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗

目的:研究肝动脉栓塞治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的方法和效果。方法:采用Seldinger技术将导管超选择插入32例肝血管瘤的供血动脉,以超液化碘油、平阳霉素栓塞。结果:所有病例均成功实施了栓塞治疗。所有患者分别于术后1~12个月行CT或B超随访。瘤体缩小>50%者22例,瘤体缩小>30%者10例。全部患者中,临床症状消失者18例,明显消失者14例,总有效率100%,术后无严重并发症。结论:超选择性肝动脉栓塞是治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的安全、有效的首选方法。     

Intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma with intramedullary component: A case series

Rationale:Capillary hemangioma in the spinal cord is an exceedingly rare entity that is liable to be misdiagnosed. To summarize the clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and pathological features of capillary hemangioma in the spinal cord and to share our experience for the diagnosis and treatment of intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma.Patient concerns:Three patients underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between January 2020 and August 2020. All patients were male[median age at presentation: 57 years (range: 56–60)]. Two patients were experiencing pain and numbness in the lower back, and 1 patient was experiencing numbness and weakness in the left lower limb. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 to 5 months.Diagnosis:All patients were diagnosed with spinal cord capillary hemangioma after treatment. All lesions were in an intradural extramedullary location and involved spinal cord components. Two patients had lesions in thoracic segments (T8, Th9-10), and 1 patient had a lesion in lumbar segment (L1).Interventions:All patients underwent microscopic laminectomy and complete resection of the extramedullary and intramedullary components of the spinal cord capillary hemangiomas.Outcomes:Postoperatively, all patients experienced transient numbness and pain in the lower limbs, which gradually decreased over time. None of the patients experienced bleeding, severe numbness or pain, or recurrence of symptoms at 3-month follow-up.Conclusion:Intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma has unique morphological characteristics. Gross-total resection of the extramedullary and intramedullary components of spinal cord capillary hemangioma is recommended for patients with symptoms of spinal cord compression. Careful preoperative imaging and intraoperative decision-making may help avoid residual lesions or reoperation.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的临床治疗经验

目的 探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤(ICCA)的治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析55例经病理证实的颅内海绵状血管瘤病人的临床资料.其中采用常规开颅方式手术30例,神经导航手术19例,立体定向手术6例.结果 全切除52例,大部切除3例.术后无死亡,无颅内出血.术后主要并发症为感染、脑水肿和脑梗死,对症治疗后均好转.结论 神经导航手术是...     

脑干肿瘤外科干预的临床意义

目的探讨脑干肿瘤外科干预的临床意义及手术适应证、手术入路的选择及手术技巧。方法对11例经头部MRI诊断为脑干肿瘤患者采用不同的手术入路施行肿瘤切除。后正中入路5例,乙状窦后入路3例,乙状窦前入路2例,颞下入路1例。术后行适形放疗3例,替莫唑胺(TMZ)口服化疗3例,宁得朗(ACNU)+顺铂(DDP)化疗2例。结果其中全切4例(2例胶质瘤,2例海绵状血管瘤),近全切4例(2例胶质瘤,1例生殖细胞瘤,1例胆脂瘤),大部分切除2例(均是胶质瘤),活检1例(胶质瘤)。无手术死亡,除1例6个月死于肿瘤进展外其他患者均存活。结论脑干肿瘤的组织学类型及部位与手术切除程度密切相关,手术对脑干良性肿瘤及局限性分化良好胶质瘤效果满意,对一些恶性肿瘤可减少瘤体积,减轻症状,为下一步综合治疗创造机会。但对弥漫型生长的胶质瘤效果不佳,对术前已行放射治疗的脑干胶质瘤手术应慎重。对手术有残留的术后辅助放射治疗及化疗是有必要的。     

肺硬化性血管瘤的影像及病理学分析

目的回顾性分析肺硬化性血管瘤(PSH)的影像及病理学特点,提高对PSH的影像诊断水平。方法收集2008年4月～2011年10月由病理证实的PSH共18例,女17例,男1例,年龄15～61岁,平均47岁。所有病例均行CT平扫,其中10例行CT增强扫描。影像学征象由两名资深胸部影像诊断医师共同讨论完成。结果 CT显示病变直径平均(3.0±1.8)cm,形状呈类球形11例(61%),不规则形7例(39%),所有病例均显示边缘光滑(100%);平扫2例(11%)病灶内有斑点状钙化,1例呈混合磨玻璃影,其余(83%)密度均匀,CT值为(40±15)HU;10例增强扫描中,6例显示均匀强化,强化净值为(30±23)HU;另4例呈明显不均匀的"花斑样"强化。结论以下指标有助于对PSH的诊断:①女性患者,边缘光滑的类球形或卵圆形肺结节,周围无毛刺及卫星灶;②CT平扫密度较均匀,有时呈磨玻璃影和内可见斑点状钙化,但边缘光滑;③增强呈均匀强化或"花斑"样强化。