Micromorphometrical analyses of five different ultrasonic osteotomy devices at the rabbit skull

Objectives: The recently introduced ultrasonic osteotome procedure is an alternative to conventional methods of osteotomy. The aim of the present study was to establish the differences between five recently introduced ultrasonic osteotomes and to perform micromorphological and quantitative roughness analyses of osteotomized bone surfaces. Materials and methods: Fresh, standard‐sized bony samples were taken from a rabbit skull using the following ultrasonic osteotomes: the Piezosurgery^® 3 with insert tip OT7, Piezosurgery^® Medical with insert tip MT1‐10, Piezon Master Surgery^® with insert tip SL1, VarioSurg^® with inert tip SG1, and Piezotome 2 with insert tip BS1 II. The required duration of time for each osteotomy was recorded. The prepared surfaces were examined via light microscopy, environmental surface electron microscopy (ESEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results: All of the investigated piezoelectric osteotomes preserved the anatomical structure of bone. The mean roughness values of the osteotomized bone edge obtained using the investigated piezoelectric osteotomes were as follows: 2.47 μm (Piezosurgery^® 3), 9.79 μm (Piezosurgery^® Medical), 4.66 μm (Piezon Master Surgery^®), 6.38 μm (VarioSurg^®), and 6.06 μm (Piezotome 2). Significantly higher roughness values were observed when using the Piezosurgery^® Medical in comparison with those achieved by the Piezosurgery^® 3 (P<0.0001) and Piezon Master Surgery^® (P=0.002). Different osteotomy durations were achieved using the different piezoelectric osteotomes: 144 s (Piezosurgery^® 3), 126 s (Piezosurgery^® Medical), 142 s (Piezon Master Surgery^®), 149 s (VarioSurg^®), and 137 s (Piezotome 2). Conclusions: In the present study, micromorphological differences following the use of various ultrasonic devices were clearly identified. According to this study, it can be concluded that the power and the composition of the teeth of the insert tip might impact procedure duration and cutting qualities.     

双颌前突正畸拔牙矫治与外科根尖下截骨术矫治的比较

目的 比较严重双颌前突分别采用正畸拔牙矫治和外科根尖下截骨手术矫治的效果,并探讨两种矫治方法的适应证.方法 选择严重双颌前突病例20例,其中15例经正畸拔牙矫治(正畸组),5例行根尖下截骨术矫治(手术组),收集患者治疗前后的头颅侧位X线片进行头影测量分析.结果 两组SNA、SNB角治疗前后变化均有统计学意义,其中正畸组SNA角减少(0.59±0.88)°,SNB角减少(0.45±1.19)°;手术组SNA角减少(3.63±1.22)°,SNB角减少(2.58±1.24)°.反映侧貌突度改善的切牙内收指标U1-Y、L1-Y和上下唇突点内收指标TUL-Y、TLL-Y治疗前后差值均未超过7 mm.治疗前后两组下颌平面角MP-SN的改变均没有统计学意义.结论 在改善双颌前突患者侧貌问题上,与正畸拔牙矫治相比,根尖下截骨术内收切牙的幅度并无太大优势.     

微创法与锤凿法拔除下颌阻生智齿的临床研究

目的:评估微创拔牙技术在阻生牙拔除术中的应用价值。方法:选择342例需拔除下颌阻生智齿患者,随机分成2组,分别采用微创法和锤凿法拔除患牙,记录两种方法平均拔除时间、术后肿胀、疼痛、张口受限、颞颌关节痛、干槽症等并发症发生情况。结果:实验组与对照组相比,平均拔除时间明显缩短(P<0.001);术后疼痛、肿胀、张口受限、干槽症、颞颌关节痛等并发症发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.005)。结论:随着微创医学的发展及新型拔牙器械的推出,微创拔牙理念和技术将逐渐取代传统的锤凿法。     

唇腭裂患者不同截骨方式下上颌骨外置式牵引成骨的比较

目的：利用颅外支架外固定式牵引器治疗唇腭裂继发上颌骨重度发育不足患者,分别采用上颌骨前段截骨和整块截骨方式,探讨不同截骨方式的牵引成骨效果。方法：唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨重度发育不足患者10例,反覆盖均超过10mm。采用传统整块截骨5例,前段分块截骨5例,均利用颅外支架固定式牵引器行术后牵引。通过头影测量分析,比较其矫治效果。利用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行独立样本t检验。结果：所有患者均成骨良好,无明显并发症,面形及咬合显著改善。牵引成骨后,SNA角、NA与FH夹角、前牙覆盖、零子午线与Sn距离等显著增加。前段截骨组硬腭长度增加7.50mm,2组间有显著差异（P〈0.05）。而软腭长度、静止位腭咽腔深度无显著差异。结论：上颌骨前段截骨牵引在增加硬腭和牙弓长度、避免腭咽腔深度增加及腭咽闭合功能恶化方面具有更大优势,是一种较为理想的矫治唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足的方法。     

Transverse expansion of the maxilla using a multisegmentation technique

In a long-term prospective study multisegmentation for transverse widening of the maxilla was followed up to calculate tendency to relapse and clinical outcome. Thirty-six patients were followed up for 30 months and 13 for 60 months postoperatively. There were no complications after the maxillary operations. Transverse widening varied from 2 mm to 1.5 cm in the posterior part of the maxilla, and was posterior to the canine teeth by a multisegmentation technique in the palatal bone. Although there was a tendency to relapse, which varied from 0.3–0.8 mm in the series, the clinical results are highly satisfactory.     

Fractured coracoid with anterior shoulder dislocation and greater tuberosity fracture--report of a bilateral case

We treated 23 patients with recalcitrant posttraumatic humeral shaft nonunion with vascularized bone grafts (fibula 10, femur 10 and scapula 3). 21/23 patients healed primarily. Venous thrombosis in the graft necessitated postoperative thrombectomy in 2 patients. Complications at the donor site were trivial. We used a vascularized fibular graft in patients with a large bone defect and with poor intrinsic stability of the nonunion site and a corticoperiosteal femoral graft in atrophic nonunion without a substantial bone defect. The scapula graft is easy to transfer to the surgical neck of the humerus on its pedicle.     

Surgical exposure of the stiff knee

A proprioceptive deficit is an important determinant of disability in various shoulder disorders, such as instability and osteoarthrosis. In 15 patients with impingement syndrome stage II (Neer 1983), who were treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression, we measured movement sense by determining threshold levels for the perception of motion of the shoulder. The patients were placed in a specially designed chair allowing continuous passive motion of the shoulder joint, while avoiding cutaneous, auditory and visual stimuli. To assess movement detection thresholds, passive abduction movements of the shoulder were performed at a starting angle of 60°, an amplitude of 10° and an angular velocity of 1.3°/s. Before surgery, all patients had higher threshold levels for the perception of motion in their affected shoulders then in the other side. After decompression, proprioception had improved on the decompressed side, but was unchanged on the other side.     

颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术矫治单侧面部肥大

目的:研究颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术治疗单侧面部肥大的效果。方法:报告2008年7月～20012年7月间9例单侧面部肥大患者,应用颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术矫治患侧。结果:所有9例患者矫治后Ⅰ期愈合。6个月后随访,所有患者肥大侧颧骨颧弓明显降低,肥大侧下颌角正侧面观明显缩小,面中下部由明显不对称变为基本对称,表情自然,生理功能良好。结论:颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术可有效地矫治单侧面部肥大。     

膝关节镜清理联合腓骨近端截骨在膝内侧间室病变骨关节炎治疗中的临床研究

目的 比较膝关节镜清理联合腓骨近端截骨与单纯膝关节镜清理治疗内侧间室病变膝关节骨性关 节炎的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析该院2014 年1 月-2015 年12 月收治的部分早中期内侧间室受累为主的 膝关节骨性关节炎病例。根据术式分为治疗组（20 例）：膝关节镜清理联合腓骨近端截骨;对照组（23 例）： 单纯膝关节镜清理。分别于术前、术后2 d、术后12 个月记录治疗组、对照组的美国特种外科医院（HSS）评 分、视觉模拟评分（VAS）、关节活动度（ROM）及胫股角（FTA）。对其进行组间和组内比较,观察并发症情况。 结果 两组术前、术后2 d、术后12 个月比较采用重复测量设计的方差分析：①两组不同时间的HSS 膝关节评分、 VAS 评分、ROM、FTA 差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组间的HSS 膝关节评分、VAS、ROM、FTA 差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,治疗组患者在术后的治疗效果更好;③两组的HSS 膝关节评分、VAS 评分、 ROM、FTA 变化趋势有差异（P <0.05）。结论 关节镜清理联合腓骨近端截骨手术相较胫骨高位截骨、膝关节 单髁置换及全膝关节置换等手术治疗方式,具备手术费用低、操作过程简单及创伤小等特点,对符合适应证的 人群可有效改善临床症状,减轻患者疼痛,值得推广。