Multilevel Schwab grade II osteotomies for sagittal plane correction in the management of adult spinal deformity

Background Context

Prior reports have compared posterior column osteotomies with pedicle subtraction osteotomies in terms of utility for correcting fixed sagittal imbalance in adolescent patients with deformity. No prior reports have described the use of multilevel Smith-Petersen Osteotomies (SPOs) alone for surgical correction in the adult spinal deformity (ASD) population.

经后路椎体横断截骨矫正术治疗陈旧性椎体骨折

目的 介绍自行设计的经后路体横断截骨矫正术治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折的方法和疗效。方法 后路正中切口,咬除骨折椎一侧或双侧横突,切除一侧椎弓根。凿除骨折椎后凸部分椎体,直视下从椎体腰部横行切断,用ＲＦ钉复位固定,植骨融合,临床应用１５例。结果 术后椎体畸形完全矫正,脊神经功能均有不同程度恢复。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折手术治疗方法改良的初步观察

目的探讨改良术式加固儿童肱骨髁上骨折稳定性及纠正肘内翻畸形的效果。方法对30例肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用手术切开复位,近侧端斧形截骨、远侧端V形截骨,然后用2枚克氏针交叉固定,肱三头肌桡侧重叠缝合、浅层向桡侧翻转缝合。术后用石膏托外固定患肢于屈肘90°位3周。随访6～18个月。结果截骨改良治疗组的30例,优22例,良6例,差2例,优良率达93.33%,无1例肘内翻畸形;而传统治疗组优良率只有62.50%。两组比较差异有显著性(χ2=6.03,P<0.05)。结论该技术为一种操作简单、损伤小,手术并发症少、效果好的方法,值得临床推广。     

经尺骨鹰嘴关节外截骨应用解剖钛钢板治疗肱骨远端骨折

目的经尺骨鹰嘴关节外截骨应用解剖钛钢板治疗肱骨远端骨折,探讨经尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜行截骨入路,应用解剖型钛钢板治疗肱骨髁上及髁间粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法22例肱骨远端粉碎性骨折,均采用经尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜行截骨入路,骨折复位后配合拉力钉骨块固定,解剖型钛钢板固定,截骨块采用"U"形钛丝固定。结果肱骨远端骨折按照AO/ASIF分型标准,A39例,C15例,C27例,C31例。术后平均随访时间23个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间3.9个月。所有截骨块全部愈合,平均愈合时间7.3周,其中1例截骨块畸形愈合,肘关节功能基本正常。按Aitken和Rorabeek肘关节功能评定标准,优16例,良4例,可2例,优良率90.9%。结论经尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜行截骨入路,应用解剖型钛钢板治疗肱骨髁上及髁间粉碎性骨折,手术方法简单、可靠、并发症少、骨折固定牢靠,能早期进行肘关节功能锻炼,获得了良好的疗效。     

结肠无名沟的X线研究

本文对150测正常结肠双对比造影和40例新鲜离体标本涂钡X线片所显示的无名沟进行了观察和测量,并对其中25例标本作了组织学对照。无名沟可分为线型、网型和混合型三类,它们之间未见组织学上的差别存在。在双对比造影时,正常无名沟的平均宽度、深度及无名小区的宽度分别为0.31mm、0.36mm和0.87mm,并可随结肠的功能改变而有所变化。无名沟的显示与结肠的扩张程度、肠道准备及X线技术等有关,并有助于对细微病变的检测。     

后路全椎体切除技术在外伤后严重陈旧性胸腰段后凸畸形矫正中的应用

Background Post-traumatic kyphosis is a common potential complication of spinal trauma and correct management of this problem is becoming ever more impcrtant.Although posterior vertebra column resection has been increasingly adopted to correct severe spinal deformity,no series of reports were found on severe post-traumatic kyphosis in the thoracolumbar region.Therefore,the present cohort retrospective study is presented to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of posterior vertebra column resection with instrument fusion performed in patients with severe post-traumatic kyphosis.Methods From May 2004 to May 2006,53 patients（38 male,1 5 female）at an average age of 37.6 years（range,24 to 66 years）,were surgically treated for symptomatic post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis with a posterior wedge closing osteotomy at our hospital.Among them,5 consecutive adult patients with severe post-traumatic kyphosis were included in this study.Operation time, blood lOSS and complications were noted in each case.Radiographic documentation was made on the basis of standing anterior-posterior（AP）and lateral views and three dimensional reconstruction images of computed tomography （CT） scans were used to further identify the apex region of a sharp angular deformity.Sagittal correction was assessed in terms of effective regional deformity（ERD）for the injury Ievel.Assessment of radiological fusion at follow-up was based on the presence of trabecular bone bridging at the osteotomy site according to Brantigan.Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments were performed by using Oswestw disability index（ODI）, back pain was rated in all patients by the visual analog scale （VAS） preoperatively,postoperatively and at the latest follow-up.Results The mean operating time was 265 minutes（220-408 minutes）,with an average blood loss of 1 362 ml （870-2570 m1）.Each patient finished at least two years of follow-up.The average ERD significantly decreased from 69°（58°-86°）,preoperatively to 4°（1°-8°） after surgery （P=0.01 7）;with a mean correction of 65°.ERD averaged 1 0.4°（7°-1 7°）at the latest follow-up with a mean loss of 6.4°.VAS and ODI scores improved from preoperative 7.4（6.0-9.0） and 55.2（48.0-60.0） to 2.3（1.0-4.0） and 1 2.2（7.0-18.0）at the latest follow-up.Full bone fusion was achieved in all patients.Complications occurred in two patients：one had a transient weakness of the Ieft side lower extremity and the symptom improved spontaneously without further treatment within one month;the other patient suffered a deep wound infection three weeks after the operation,and recovered well by additional debridement,continuous perfusion and drainage.Conclusions Posterior vertebra column resection can satisfactorily correct severe post-traumatic kyphosis in thoracolumbar region.Nevertheless,this challenging procedure should be performed by experienced spinal surgeon to minimize complications.     

尺骨截骨矫形术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折35例

目的介绍应用尺骨截骨矫形术治疗儿童陈旧性盂氏骨折的临床经验,评估其临床疗效。方法对35例儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折患儿,采用Boycl切口,显露尺骨上段,肱骨头及脱位的桡骨头,将尺骨上段楔形截断,将桡骨头复位后用克氏针固定,并矫正尺骨成角及短缩畸形,用钢板固定。术后X线摄片随访。结果35例截骨部均愈合,平均愈合时间为6个月,元畸形愈合,随访9～24个月,桡骨小头与肱骨小头关系均已恢复,肘部功能全部改善。合并桡神经损伤者均恢复神经功能,平均恢复时间为术后3个月。结论应用尺骨截骨矫形术治疗儿童陈旧性盂氏骨折,能矫正前臂及肘部畸形,恢复肘关节功能,是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

CT股骨头覆盖率评估儿童发育性髋脱位Salter手术疗效

目的分析CT股骨头覆盖率在儿童发育性髋脱位（DDH）Salter手术前后的诊断价值。方法选取38例行Salter手术的单侧DDH患儿,Salter术前1周和术后6个月进行骨盆正位X线摄片及髋关节螺旋CT扫描,计算并比较X线片股骨头覆盖率及CT股骨头覆盖率。以38个儿童正常髋关节为对照组。结果DDH组术前X线片股骨头覆盖率高于CT股骨头覆盖率（P〈0．01）。对照组CT股骨头覆盖率前部最高,中后部相对较低。DDH组术前CT股骨头覆盖率低,前部更加显著;术后CT股骨头覆盖率接近正常。结论CT股骨头覆盖率能立体反映髋臼与股骨头的发育状况,并对Salter手术近远期效果进行评价,进而指导临床治疗。     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的介绍采用内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术技术和效果。方法 2005年6月-2007年9月,采用MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位29例。男6例,女23例;年龄13～45岁,平均20.3岁。髌骨脱位2～10次。末次髌骨脱位至手术时间为1～144个月,平均43.9个月。术前CT检查测量胫骨结节-股骨滑车间距(tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance,TT-TG);并行Kujala、Lysholm和Tegner评分,分别为(72.03±17.38)、(72.65±14.70)、(5.25±1.83)分。手术采用同种异体肌腱作为移植物,在股骨侧使用骨隧道技术,可吸收挤压螺钉固定;在髌骨内侧缘制作双L形隧道,调节移植物张力后,缝合固定移植物的游离端。同时行关节镜检查、游离体取出和髌外侧支持带松解。对于TT-TG>20 mm的16例患者,同时行胫骨结节内移截骨。结果 27例获随访,随访时间40～67个月,平均45.5个月。患者术后均无髌骨再脱位,也无髌骨错动或半脱位。0°位和屈膝30°位髌骨外推试验和外推恐惧试验均为阴性。术后1年患者膝关节屈伸活动度均恢复正常,能够完全下蹲。末次随访时Kujala评分、Lysholm评分分别为(94.10±7.59)、(95.44±6.25)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Tegner评分为(4.33±1.00)分,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.302,P=0.213)。术前TT-TG>20 mm的患者末次随访时TT-TG为(16.88±5.92)mm,与术前(23.38±3.70)mm比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.822,P=0.026)。结论 MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,且术后膝关节功能评分和运动等级评分均较术前明显改善。     

A novel anterior decompression technique (vertebral body sliding osteotomy) for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine

Background Context

Conventional anterior decompression surgery for cervical myelopathy, including anterior corpectomy and fusion, is technically demanding and is known to be associated with a higher incidence of surgery-related complications, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, neurologic deterioration, and graft failure compared with posterior surgery.