Lateral epicondylar osteotomy for severe varus deformity during total knee arthroplasty

In most cases of arthritic varus knees, stepwise osteophytes removal and medial soft tissue release could achieve satisfactory soft tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty. However, in some severe cases, conventional balancing techniques are not enough, necessitating other procedures like epicondylar osteotomy. To the best of our knowledge, no published article has reported the application of lateral epicondylar osteotomy in a severe varus knee. Here we reported a case of successful correction of a severe varus knee following lateral epicondylar osteotomy, and described its underlying rationale.     

Comparing Operative Exposures of the Le Fort I Osteotomy and the Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Clivus

Objectives We compare surgical exposures to the clivus by Le Fort I osteotomy (LFO) and the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA). Methods Ten cadaveric specimens were imaged with 1.25-mm computed tomography. After stereotactic navigation, EEEA was performed followed by LFO. Clival measurements included lateral and vertical limits to the midline lower extent of exposure (t test). Results For EEFA and LFO, respectively, maximal lateral exposure in millimeters (mean ± standard deviation) was 24.5 ± 3.7 and 24.5 ±  − 3.8 (p = 0.99) at the opticocarotid recess (OCR) and 25.1 ±  − 4.1 and 24.1 ±  − 3.0 (p = 0.53) at the foramen lacerum level; lateral reach at the hypoglossal canals was 39.0 ±  − 5.88 and 56.1 ±   − 5.3 (p = 0.0004); and vertical extension was 56.0 ±  − 4.1 and 56.3 ±  − 3.4 (p = 0.78). Conclusions For clival exposures, LFO and EEEA were similar craniocaudally and laterally at the levels of the OCR and foramen lacerum. LFO achieved greater exposure at the level of the hypoglossal canal.     

Efficiency and Accuracy of Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy for Adult Hip Dysplasia

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has several advantages dealing with adolescents and adults acetabular dysplasia. The authors introduced the details and steps performing PAO, with attached video and schematic diagram which demonstrates a perfect PAO in efficiency and accuracy. The patient is an 18‐year‐old girl, complaining hip pain on the left side for 6 months. Physical examination shows normal gait and range of motion (ROM) of the left hip. Pelvic anteroposterior X‐ray shows acetabular dysplasia on the left, and post operation on the right. She is very satisfied with the PAO on the right one year before, so we recommend PAO for the left hip dysplasia again. The key point of PAO includes 4 cuts: ischial cut, pubic cut, acetabular roof cut, and quadrilateral bone cut, and the four cuts should be accomplished accurately. Then the acetabular fragment should be turned to ideal position with the lateral CE angle (LCE) > 25°, the Tönnis acetabular angle 0°, the anterior CE angle (ACE) > 20°, good congruence joint space, and with the hip center medialized slightly. At lastly the acetabular fragment is fixed with proper nails and instruments. The patient is very happy to the surgery with no hip pain, with normal gait, ROM, and Harris hip scores (HHS). In summary, PAO is a relative new and efficient procedure for adult hip dysplasia, requiring accurate techniques. Cadaveric practice and familiar with the local anatomy can help the surgeon overcome the learning curve quickly.     

Dega osteotomy for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children aged 2–8?years: results of 58 consecutive osteotomies after 13–25?years of follow-up

PurposeDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a term used to cover a broad spectrum of anomalies ranging from mild dysplasia to high-riding dislocations. We report the management of DDH in children using the Dega osteotomy and their long-term follow-up.MethodsFifty-eight hips from 48 children younger than 8 years treated using the Dega osteotomy between January 1988 and October 2000 were included in this multcenter study. Both prospective (41 hips) and retrospective (17 hips) cases were included, and follow-up was for a minimum of 13 years. Radiographs were made preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, after 6 weeks or at removal of the spica cast if any, at 6-month intervals and/or as indicated for 3 years postoperatively and then on annual basis until the last follow-up. A single-cut computed tomographic scan was performed for all prospective patients. Special attention was paid to the predictive measures of hip arthrosis and the survival of the hip after Dega osteotomy. ResultsThe final clinical outcome was favorable in 44 hips (75.9 %). Eleven hips needed a second surgery (acetabuloplasty and/or arthroplasty) during the follow-up period.Conclusions In our pediatric patient population the Dega osteotomy proved to be an adequate measure for the management of this complex condition. The worst complication was avascular necrosis, and all of the affected hips ended with failure (pain, another surgery, or both).     

Rush钉矫治成骨不全儿童股骨畸形的疗效观察

目的探讨股骨多段截骨髓内钉固定矫治儿童成骨不全症所致股骨畸形的疗效,分析术后并发症的防治。方法 2007年1月至2013年12月,我院共收治成骨不全所致股骨畸形患儿28例,包括39根畸形股骨。年龄3岁7个月至14岁5个月,平均8岁4个月。术中将弯曲股骨行多段截骨矫形及髓内钉固定,平均截骨1.9(1~3)处,随机分为弹性针组与Rush钉组,其中20根股骨使用弹性髓内钉,19根股骨使用Rush钉。结果随访1年3个月至5年7个月,平均3年8个月。随访后期按Sanders评分标准评定髋关节功能:弹性针组优11例,良2例,中7例,差0例;Rush钉组优16例,良2例,中1例,差0例。结论多段截骨矫形后髓内钉内固定治疗儿童成骨不全所致股骨畸形,能有效矫正股骨弯曲畸形,改善下肢外观及力线关系,防止再骨折,提高患儿生活质量,效果明确。Rush髓内钉内固定效果满意,术后再骨折概率小,股骨不易再次弯曲变形,值得临床推广。     

Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic demonstration of innominate artery dissection

We describe an adult patient with type I aortic dissection in whom it was feasible to demonstrate the extension of the dissection into the innominate artery using color Doppler three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.     

Maxillary osteotomy complications in piezoelectric surgery compared to conventional surgical techniques: a systematic review

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the available evidence on maxillary complications related to piezoelectric and conventional surgery. Seven databases were searched. A total of 996 maxillary osteotomies were analysed, 864 performed with conventional tools and 132 with a piezoelectric device. One hundred and fifty-six complication events were reported. The complications, in descending order of overall prevalence, were as follows: neurosensory disturbance (64.7%), haemorrhage (8.3%), oroantral communication (7.7%), soft tissue injury (7.7%), tooth injury (5.1%), infection (3.2%), osteonecrosis (1.9%), and permanent nerve injury (1.3%). Among the complications, the results showed the highest prevalence for neurosensory disturbance, and haemorrhage was the most reported complication and the second most prevalent complication. A three-fold meta-analysis was performed. Using GRADEpro, the level of evidence was determined for each complication. The current low level of evidence suggests that piezoelectric bone surgery reduces critical and important complications during maxillary osteotomy procedures, such as neurosensory disturbance, haemorrhage, oroantral communication, tooth injury, and permanent nerve injury. However, an effective comparison between the two techniques was difficult to perform with the current available literature. Due to the small sample sizes in the piezoelectric surgery studies, caution should be exercised when considering almost non-existent reported complications.     

双侧下颌升支矢状劈开截骨(BSSRO)后退术对下颌角区的影响

目的:研究BSSRO后退术后下颌角区形态的变化。方法:通过38例骨性下颌前突患者BSSRO后退手术前后头颅定位正侧位片及口腔X线计算机体层摄影(CBCT)片对硬组织结构定点测量。结果:2种测量均显示术后下颌角角度较术前减小,下颌升支坡度亦减小;下颌骨的宽度将增加。结论:BSSRO术后下颌角变小,下颌骨宽度增加;将使患者的面貌变宽,咬合功能有所改善。     

心理干预在下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术后肌功能康复训练中的作用

目的:探讨心理干预在下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术(sagittal split ramus osteotomy,SSRO)矫治下颌前突畸形术后肌功能康复训练中的作用。方法:60例接受下颌升支矢状劈开术的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,2组均接受系统治疗和肌功能康复训练,实验组在此基础上增加心理干预,测量术前、术后2、4周的张口度;术前、术后4、8周的焦虑自评评分和力。结果:实验组术后4周时张口度已接近术前水平,术后8周时力接近术前水平,焦虑情绪改善,实验组各方面参数相比对照组都有明显提高。结论:系统地心理干预能有效地提高患者健康知识水平,改善认知态度,使焦虑情绪得以改善,医患配合度提高,从而提高治疗有效率。     

Le-fort I access osteotomy to nasopharyngeal tumor – A case-report

Removal of extensive central skull base and paranasal sinus tumors is a significant challenge that is often hampered by limited access and exposure. The safety and efficacy of the Le Fort I osteotomy approach to the skull base have been well established. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of Le fort-1I osteotomy as an access procedure to reach tumors in the nasopharyngeal region in a young patient. The large mass which he presented within the nasopharyngeal region, later diagnosed to be juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, posed a challenge for surgical access.