小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术治疗原发性慢性闭角型青光眼效果分析

目的探讨小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术对原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者的临床治疗效果。方法将2009年7月到2013年7月于我院接受治疗的60例(72只眼)原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组35例(42只眼)与对照组25例(30只眼),观察组患者采用小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术,对照组患者采用小梁切除术,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果完全成功:观察组34只眼(80.95%),对照组16只眼(53.33%)(P=0.012),术后视力提高患眼数:观察组26只眼(61.90%),对照组11只眼(36.67)(P=0.035),术后需加用抗青光眼药物的患眼:观察组1只眼(2.38%),对照组6只眼(20.00%)(P=0.018),术后出现并发症的患眼:观察组2只眼(4.76%),对照组7只眼(23.33%)(P=0.029),术后眼压:观察组(16.7±1.5)mmHg,对照组(18.9±2.5)mm Hg(P=0.036)。结论小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术能提高原发性慢性闭角型青光眼的手术成功率,减少术后并发症。     

超声生物显微镜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)检查的结果来指导青光眼合并白内障患者术前手术方法的选择,观察患者术后房角及其相关结构的改变。方法:对合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG)患者30例(30眼)行小梁切除术联合白内障小切口手法碎核晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入。术前及术后1mo常规行视力、裂隙灯、用UBM测量前房深度(anterior chamber distance,ACD)、小梁虹膜角(tra-becular iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离500(angle opening dis-tance,AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(trabecular ciliary proces-ses distance,TCPD)和虹膜厚度1(iris distance,ID1)的检查,同时记录眼压的变化并进行分析。结果:术后眼压较术前明显降低。ACD、TIA、AOD500、TCPD术前术后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ID1术前术后比较无显著性差异。结论:青光眼白内障联合手术可明显加深前房,增宽房角,重新开放小梁网。远期效果待于更多样本、更长时间的术后观察。     

原发性闭角型青光眼对角膜内皮细胞的影响

青光眼是全球第二大致盲性眼病,除了损伤视神经、视野外还会影响虹膜、晶状体。临床观察和实验研究都表明青光眼可引起角膜内皮细胞数量减少,从而导致角膜透明性下降。我国以原发性闭角型青光眼患者居多,约占世界闭角型青光眼患者的一半,本文从原发性闭角型青光眼疾病本身、抗青光眼药物、手术及激光治疗等方面对角膜内皮细胞的影响进行综述。     

Sutureless Scleral Tunnel Trabeculectomy: Evaluation of Feasibility and Effectiveness versus Conventional Trabeculectomy for Management of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C (MMC) compared to the standard trabeculectomy with MMC in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This was a masked, randomized, controlled comparison trial involving 34 eyes of 34 patients with bilateral POAG. Patients were randomized to receive sutureless sclera flap trabeculectomy with MMC or conventional trabeculectomy with MMC. The main outcome for comparison was the IOP-lowering effect of both procedures. Complete surgical success was considered if the patient’s IOP was <22 mmHg and the IOP were lowered by more than 20% with the use of maximum two anti-glaucoma medications. Results: All surgeries passed uneventfully without intraoperative complications and all patients showed significantly (p<0.05) lower IOP on the first postoperative day compared to their respective preoperative IOP with non-significant (p>0.05) difference between both study groups. All patients, irrespective of operative procedure, maintained significantly (p<0.05) lower IOP compared to their respective preoperative IOP until the end of 12 months’ follow-up. There were no recorded serious postoperative complications in either groups, like wound leaks or endophthalmitis. Conclusion: Sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy exhibits potential as an alternative to conventional trabeculectomy surgery. Over 12 months of follow-up, sutureless sclera flap trabeculectomy was safe and effective with an IOP-lowering effect comparable to that achieved with the conventional technique, but with increased rate of postoperative transient hypotony.     

应用超声生物显微镜观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy UBM)量化观察具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者在行了白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变,旨在探讨白内障手术对前房容积的影响,对手术时机的选择提供安全有效的临床依据.方法 选取具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者作为对照组,每组患者各40例(40只眼),均采用透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化后房型人工晶状体植入术,于术前和术后1个月用UBM观测前房深度(ACD)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、房角开放距离(AOD250、AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(TCPD)、虹膜睫状体距离(ICPD)、虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD)和前房角隐窝面积(ARA),同时记录眼压的变化和各级房角的人数构成比,对结果进行比较分析.结果 全部患者术后除ILCD值比术前明显减小以外,其余各项值ACD、TIA、AOD250、AOD500、TCPD、ICPD、ARA均较术前明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.001).术后眼压平均下降(3.77143±1.84368)mmHg,较术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).对宽房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,各测量值均较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压平均下降(2.49714±1.05482)mmHg,较术前明显下降(P<0.001).对窄房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,术后各测量值比术前大大增加,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压较术前明显降低,平均下降(5.04571±1.56287)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001 ).分别对窄房角组和宽房角组患者进行术前结构的比较和术后结构的比较,除ICPD值外,其余各值二组间均存在显著性差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).将二组患者手术前后的变化程度进行比较,窄房角组ACD、AOD250、AOD500、TIA、ARA值的变化程度显著大于宽房角组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).手术前后的房角构成差异有统计学意义(P <0.001),术后宽角显著增多.结论 白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶体植入术后,前房加深,房角增宽,前房容积显著增加,眼压也有一定程度的下降.具有浅前房、窄房角结构的白内障患者,手术前、后的变化程度更为显著.UBM可以明确有无晶体因素引起的瞳孔阻滞,当发现此情况时,可以将白内障手术时机提早,使具有窄房角解剖因素的白内障患者避免因晶体膨胀、瞳孔阻滞而引起的青光眼的发生,在一定程度上起到预防的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study and analyze the changes of anterior chamber cubage of senile cataract patients before and after the surgery of phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with ultrasound biomicroscopy quantitatively, to explore the influence of anterior chamber angle and anterior chamber cubage caused by senile cataract, and to provide safe and effective basis of cataract surgery options.Methods Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation start from transparent cornea were performed in 80 eyes of 80 senior patients whom were divided into two groups: one group with normal anterior chamber structure, another group of shallow anterior chamber and narrow anterior chamber angle, measured numerical values of ACD (anterior chamber distance), AOD250 (angle-opening distance at 250μ m from the scleral spur)and AOD500 (angle-opening distance at 500μ m from the scleral spur), TIA500 (trabecular iris angle at 500μ m from the scleral spur), Trabecular ciliary processes distance (TCPD), iris ciliary body distance (ICPD),iris lens contact distance (ILCD) and angle recess area (ARA).At the same time, the intraocular pressures were also recorded.The number of people at all levels of composition ratio of angle and intraocular pressure by using ultrasound biomicroscopy before operation and one month later to analysis.Results In all patients, the measurements of ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD, ICPD, and ARA were increased significantly after the operation except for ILCD after the operation.The intraocular pressure was also reduced to some extent after the operation.There were significant differences between two groups in ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD,ICPD, and ARA except for ICPD before and after the surgery.The measurements and the intraocular pressure change more in the group of shallow anterior chamber caused by senile cataract.To compare the extent of change in two groups, the degree of change in group with narrow anterior chamber angle was significantly greater than in normal eyes group.The composition of angle had statistically significant difference pre-operation and post-operation (P<0.001), and wide-angle increased significantly after surgery.Conclusions Small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery deepens the anterior chamber, widens anterior chamber angle and increases anterior chamber cubage significantly compared with the preoperative patients,and it also reduces intraocular pressure to some extent after the operation.The added value of anterior chamber cubage is more prominent in the patients with narrow anterior chamber and shallow anterior chamber angle.Ultrasound biomicroscopy can confirm the situation of crystal-induced pupillary block.The study indicates that small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery in an early stage of senile cataract with anatomical factors of narrow angle can be effective in reducing intraocular pressure, preventing the occurrence of glaucoma caused by crystal expansion and pupillary block, which plays a role in the prevention and treatment in a certain extent.     

蓝-黄视野计与标准的白-白视野计对早期原发性开角型青光眼视野的对比研究

目的　评价蓝 -黄视野计 (blue- on- yellow perim etry,B/ Y)又称短波长视野计 (short- wavelength auto-mated perim etry,SWAP)与标准的白色视野计 (white- on- white perimetry,W/ W)在早期青光眼视野损害诊断中的意义。方法　利用 Hum phrey- - 75 0型全自动视野计 C- 30 - 2全阈值检测程序对 2 0例 (4 0只眼 )正常人、2 0例 (36只眼 )可疑青光眼、18例 (32只眼 )确诊的早期原发性开角型青光眼 (primary open- angle glaucoma,POAG)分别进行 W/ W与 B/ Y的视野检查。结果　正常人、可疑青光眼、早期青光眼 B/ Y检测的全视网膜光敏感度均值 (MS)低于 W/ W检测的结果 ,两者有显著性意义 (t=11.6 8,P <0 .0 1;t=14 .0 1,P <0 .0 1;t=14 .6 8,P <0 .0 1)。B/ Y检测光敏感度缺损均值 (MD)与 W/ W检测的结果 ,正常人组无显著性意义 (t=1.0 4 ,P <0 .0 1) ,其它两组有显著性意义 (t=4 .88,P <0 .0 1;t=3.378,P <0 .0 1)。W/ W检查正常人组与可疑性青光眼的 MS差别无显著意义 (t=2 .5 4 ,P >0 .0 1) ,B/ Y有显著意义 (t=5 .5 7,P <0 .0 1)。两组的 MD差别均有显著意义 (t=3.16 ,P <0 .0 1,t=6 .2 6 ,P <0 .0 1) ;W/ W与 B/ Y检查正常人组与早期青光眼组的 MS差别有显著意义 (t=6 .4 7,P <0 .0 ;t=10 .19,P     

哈萨克族牧民慢性闭角型青光眼前房角组织病理研究及临床意义

目的:观察研究新疆哈萨克族慢性闭角型青光眼患者前房角组织的病理改变及临床意义。方法:对手术切除的小梁和虹膜组织常规脱水石蜡包埋,作矢状连续切片,苏木素-伊红染色,光镜下观察。结果:镜下见小梁网眼变窄或消失,内皮细胞减少,小梁网中有色素沉积,部分小梁网完全被色素斑块遮盖,看不清小梁结构,部分可见小梁虹膜并置,小梁纤维化伴玻璃样变性。Schlemm腔内壁内皮细胞不同程度增生,致管腔呈不规则狭窄甚至管腔闭塞,部分管腔内可见色素沉积。虹膜变薄,基质疏松,有的虹膜间质血管壁增厚并呈玻璃样变,部分可见虹膜间质薄壁血管形成。结论:慢性闭角型青光眼前房角组织的病理损伤是一个渐进的过程,早期诊断,早期治疗,既可以有效地防止视功能的损害,又能有效地预防因高眼压而造成的前房角组织的损害。