武汉地区1998例结直肠癌临床病理特征分析

目的分析武汉地区结直肠癌的临床病理特征及发病特点。方法回顾性分析1998年至2013年在武汉市第八医院收治的1 998例结直肠癌临床及病理资料,比较其主要症状、性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、组织类型、病理分级及临床病理分期的差异。结果本组最常见症状为血便及大便次数增多,好发部位主要位于直肠,组织学类型以管状腺癌腺癌为主,淋巴结转移与肿瘤的分化程度、侵袭程度及TNM分期有关。结论武汉地区男性结直肠癌的发病率显著高于女性,老年人仍是结直肠癌的高发人群,但青壮年也占相当大的比例。大部分患者就诊时已是中晚期。     

Managing Chronic Disease in Affordable Primary Care

National agencies are calling for quality improvement in primary care health care services and across the United States health care system. Changes would be directed toward improving quality of life for the chronically ill and decreasing their financial burden and that placed on society. Nurse practitioners, based on their expertise and preparation in patient education, are ideal health care providers to establish partnerships with motivated, informed, chronically ill patients and to promote change in health care policy, guidelines, and meeting patient educational needs. Within worksite primary care, nurse practitioners can, through the Chronic Care Model framework, provide chronic disease management and affordable health care access.     

口腔科患者电子病历程序的建立

目的通过系统结构设计、专家指标论证等方式,建立起有循证医学意义的口腔疾病病案管理系统框架图和口腔科患者病案管理系统的电子程序。方法使用模拟退火模型收录可能的诊断指标、治疗指标、复查指标,使用9分度专家打分法分别建立三个指标的层次分析模型,对于三个指标进行分层,并运用ACCESS+ASP技术构建网络框架体系。结果设计出的口腔科电子病历管理网站可包涵四大业务模块:面向患者模块;面向医生模块;费用管理;数据模块。结论口腔门诊电子病历管理网站的建立能很好地保证病案的完整性,系统地进行口腔疾病统计,促进口腔医患互动和圈内病例的交流学习。     

Impact of sampling time deviations on the prediction of the area under the curve using regression limited sampling strategies

The regression limited sampling strategy approach (R‐LSS), which is based on a small number of blood samples drawn at selected time points, has been used as an alternative method for the estimation of the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC). However, deviations from planned sampling times may affect the performance of R‐LSS, influencing related therapeutic decisions and outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different sampling time deviation (STD) scenarios on the estimation of AUC by the R‐LSS using a simulation approach. Three types of scenarios were considered going from the simplest case of fixed deviations, to random deviations and then to a more realistic case where deviations of mixed nature can occur. In addition, the sensitivity of the R‐LSS to STD in each involved sampling point was evaluated. A significant impact of STD on the performance of R‐LSS was demonstrated. The tolerance of R‐LSS to STD was found to depend not only on the number of sampling points but more importantly on the duration of the sampling process. Sensitivity analysis showed that sampling points at which rapid concentration changes occur were relatively more critical for AUC prediction by R‐LSS. As a practical approach, nomograms were proposed, where the expected predictive performance of R‐LSS was provided as a function of STD information. The investigation of STD impact on the predictive performance of R‐LSS is a critical element and should be routinely performed to guide R‐LSS selection and use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海地区儿童综合性医院心理门诊来访者的特征及演变

目的分析上海地区儿童综合性医院心理门诊首次来访者的人口学特征、疾病分布,为探索心理卫生服务模式的发展方向提供理论基础。方法回顾2010-2014年复旦大学附属儿科医院心理科门诊病例资料完整的首诊病例共8 916例,对人口学特征、诊断归类进行统计,分析疾病分布特征。结果儿童心理门诊首诊人次逐年增加,平均幅度18.17%,就诊人群0~18岁,平均年龄为(6.64±3.47)岁,以0~6岁年龄段人数最多,男童多于女童,男女比例为2.79∶1。因各类精神障碍就诊比例为70.1%,按比例前五位依次为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓、广泛性发育障碍、言语及语言障碍、躯体形式障碍五大类。6岁组主要精神障碍依次为:广泛性发育障碍、精神发育迟缓以及注意缺陷多动障碍,6~12岁组儿童精神障碍依次为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓以及情绪障碍。青春期常见精神障碍为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓、情绪障碍、躯体形式障碍。结论综合性儿童医院心理门诊来访者呈快速上升趋势,儿童心理行为问题在不同年龄段和不同性别中呈现特点不同。     

Rethinking the Barcelona clinic liver cancer guidelines: Intermediate stage and Child-Pugh B patients are suitable for surgery?

According to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer recommendations, intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinomas (stage B) are excluded from liver resection and are referred to palliative treatment. Moreover, Child-Pugh B patients are not usually candidates for liver resection. However, many hepatobiliary centers in the world manage patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma or Child-Pugh B cirrhosis with liver resection, maintaining that hepatic resection is not contraindicated in selected patients with non–early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and without normal liver function. Several studies demonstrate that resection provides the best survival benefit for selected patients in very early/early and even in intermediate stages of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification, and this treatment gives good results in the setting of multinodular, large tumors in patients with portal hypertension and/or Child-Pugh B cirrhosis. In this review we explore this controversial topic, and we show through the literature analysis how liver resection may improve the short- and long-term survival rate of carefully selected Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B and Child-Pugh B hepatocellular carcinoma patients. However, other large clinical studies are needed to clarify which patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma are most likely to benefit from liver resection.     

Screening for genetic haemochromatosis in a rheumatology clinic

Background: Recent data indicate that the prevalence of genetic haemochromatosis (GH) is greater than previously recognised and suggest that this disease is underdiagnosed. Aims: To determine the prevalence of GH in a rheumatology clinic population. Methods: Over a 12 month period 339 consecutive patients, mean age 67.0 years, attending a rheumatology clinic were screened for iron overload. Results: Twenty three patients had elevated initial screening tests (transferrin saturation [Tf %] > 55% ferritin > 500 μg/L). Repeat fasting Tf % and ferritin concentrations were obtained in 20 of these patients. Twelve patients had persistently elevated results, and of these patients four had liver biopsy tissue hepatic iron indices consistent with GH. One patient in the group had the diagnosis established by liver biopsy just before the screening commenced. Thus, the prevalence of GH in this population was 1.5% - five times that anticipated for the general population. Three of the patients with GH presented with an arthropathy which was not characteristic of the disease. The increased prevalence of GH in this group of patients with peripheral arthropathy provides an excellent justification for the routine screening of patients with peripheral arthritis for the exclusion of iron overload.     

江苏省部分城市男男性行为者HIV/STD感染情况研究

目的 了解男男性行为者（MSM）群体的艾滋病病毒/性病（HIV/STD）感染水平.方法 在MSM聚集的酒吧,在知情同意下,匿名填写问卷,自愿选择检查项目,在现场开展体检和实验室标本采集,标本按要求冷藏转送至实验室.结果 共检测了144人,平均年龄32.68岁,未婚者占59.03%,各种文化层次和职业者均有.他们中只有同性性行为者占38.64%,其他人均与异性有性行为.首次性行为的平均年龄为20.82岁.近3个月内被调查者有与异性的性行为及各种方式的性行为,且每次使用安全套者仅13.77%.其中11.11%的人报告曾被诊断有性病.现场体检发现尖锐湿疣患病率13.21%（14/106）.尿道分泌物检查淋球菌阳性率2.68%（3/112）,沙眼衣原体8.04%（9/112）,解脲脲原体25.00%（28/112）,生殖支原体4.46%（5/112）.血清学检查HIV抗体全部阴性,梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验（TPPA）阳性率18.75%（27/144）,快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）阳性率9.72%（14/144）,疱疹病毒抗体（HSV-2-IgG）阳性率7.78%（7/90）,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率9.68%（9/93）,丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）阳性率0（0/93）,戊型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HEV）阳性率16.13%（15/93）.结论 MSM人群的性生活状态复杂并且缺乏安全性意识,成为HIV/STD传播的桥梁人群.他们中STD的感染水平较一般人群高,个别感染甚至接近性病门诊的感染水平,应该引起关注.     

Ⅳ型狼疮性肾炎伴血栓性微血管病变的临床特点及预后

目的:回顾性分析Ⅳ型狼疮性肾炎(LN)伴肾间质血管血栓性微血管病变(TMA)患者的临床、病理及预后。方法:33例在解放军肾脏病研究所住院、经肾活检诊断为Ⅳ型LN(参照2003年ISN/RPS分型方案)伴肾间质血管TMA病变的患者,女性27例,男性6例,平均年龄(31.8±10.9)岁,回顾性分析其临床特点(肾脏表现、肾外脏器受累、免疫学异常及病理特征)及预后特征(近期疗效、远期人、肾存活率及终末期肾衰发生的危险因素)。结果:(1)27例(81.8%)入院即表现为肾功能不全[SCr(274.0±176.8)μmol/L],其中14例(42.4%)需要肾脏替代治疗。高血压、肾病范围蛋白尿、肉眼血尿的比例分别为93.9%、57.6%和24.2%。(2)微血管病性溶血性贫血(MHA)比例为60.6%,神经系统损害、心、肺受累及浆膜腔炎的发生率分别为:18.1%、36.3%、15.1%和66.7%。(3)血清ANA、抗ds-DNA及抗心磷脂抗体阳性率分别为90.9%,75.8%和33.3%。96.9%和42.4%的患者伴有低C3及C4血症。(4)肾活检病理分型Ⅳ(G)型25例(75.8%)、Ⅳ Ⅴ型7例(21.2%)、Ⅳ(S)型1例(3.0%)。袢坏死、Fribin阳性的袢内血栓及新月体比例分别为:51.5%,69.7%和60.6%。20例(60.7%)肾间质小动脉有血栓形成。中-重度小管-间质慢性化损害者达78.8%。(5)患者中位随访时间为13月(1～101月),6例(42.9%)摆脱肾脏替代治疗,6月及12月治疗有反应率分别为38.9%和55.2%。死亡3例(感染、不明死因和多器官功能衰竭各1例),10例(38.5%)进展为终末期肾衰。患者1年、3年、5年人生存率分别为96.2%,69.2%和69.2%;肾存活率分别为:62.3%,62.3%和46.7%。结论:伴TMA的Ⅳ型LN患者肾脏损害严重,部分患者可无典型MHA表现,肾小球病理类型以Ⅳ(G)和Ⅳ Ⅴ型多见,Ⅳ(S)型少见,患者预后差。应加强LN伴TMA的早期诊断,探索有效的治疗手段。     

上海市徐汇区流动人口AIDS/STD知识态度行为影响因素调查

目的了解上海市流动人口性传播疾病/艾滋病(STD/AIDS)知识、态度及行为的影响因素,为STD/AIDS防治提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,对在上海居住满3个月、户籍不在上海的15~49岁的流动人口进行问卷调查。结果共调查流动人口671人,其中有效问卷617份,有效问卷率92.0%。71.0%的对象知道STD/AIDS是传染性疾病,可以通过性传播,但对于其他传播途径答对率较低。知道STD/AIDS发病症状的对象低于32.8%。多因素Logistic回归模型提示,影响知识得分的主要因素为年龄、文化程度及目前工作。只有44.6%的对象对STD患者表示同情和关心,80.9%的对象认为应该将AIDS患者隔离。只有34.5%的对象使用过安全套,未婚者中23.1%有婚前性行为,已婚者中4%有婚外性行为;流动人口中有2个及以上性伴的比例亦占到4%。结论流动人口中STD/AIDS知识缺乏,应加强宣传教育,并针对不同对象开展有针对性的干预,改变其高危行为,流动人口中年龄偏小、文化程度低的保姆和集贸市场等人员,特别是女性流动人口应作为干预的重点人群。