HLA-Class II Alleles in Egyptian Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is linked to environmental, dietary, and life style factors. Its incidence and distribution vary widely among ethnic groups, sex, and geographic regions. HBV and HCV Infection, liver cirrhosis, male gender, and old age are important risk factors of HCC. Variability in outcome following exposure, and the clustering of HCC within families raise the possibility that genetic factors are also involved in susceptibility to HCC. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a key role in anti-virus and tumor defense. HLA polymorphism is implicated in conferring genetic susceptibility to a large number of immune-mediated diseases, including some cancers. The association between HLA class II antigen and HCC in different ethnic populations that has been reported is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the association between HLA class II-DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphism and HCC in Egyptian patients and to investigate their role as risk factors for the development of HCC. Methods: HLA-class II (DRB1 and DQB1) typing was done by SSP for 100 subjects; 50 patients suffering from HCC (45 males and 5 females) with age range 40–64 years (51.16 years (y)?±?6.16); and 50 normal healthy control subjects. Results: 1. A significantly increased frequency of DRB1*04, and DQB1 *02 in HCC patients versus control group (p?=?0.016, and 0.032, respectively) was found; 2. A significantly decreased frequency of DQB1*06 (p?=?0.032) was found; 3. A significantly increased frequency of DRB1*07 (odds ratio (OR)?=?4.929) was found; and 4. A significantly decreased frequency of DRB1*15 (OR?=?0.316) was seen. In conclusion, while some alleles are significantly associated with HCC (DRB1*04, DQB1*02) and others are not associated (DQB1*06); therefore, it can be concluded that the DRB1*04 and DQB1*02 alleles might be risk factors for the occurrence of HCC (OR?=?4.373 and 3.807, respectively), and DQB1*06 may be a protective allele (OR?=?0.259).     

过磷酸钙尾气治理工艺的改进

介绍回收过磷酸钙生产中含氟尾气 ,生产 2 4%商品氟硅酸 (液体 ) ,同时副产氟硅酸钠的工艺流程、设备选型、设备主要参数和防腐处理。装置投产后 ,运行良好 ,氟硅酸产品浓度在 2 4%以上 ,排放废气含氟量在 0 .1g/m3(标态、干 )以下 ,年综合经济效益达 38万元     

脐血HLA-AB分型方法探讨

目的　探讨脐血HLA AB分型方法。方法　分别采用血清学方法和PCR SSP基因定型方法对 1 0 2份脐血HLA A、B位点进行检测。结果　两方法对比分析结果显示血清学近 1 8.6 %不能得出满意结果 ,HLA A、B位点错定率分别为 6 .1 %和 1 0 .8% ,总错误率 1 6 .9%。结论　脐血HLA表达水平低 ,单个核细胞反应弱及部分交叉反应是造成血清学不能确定或错定的主要原因     

PCR-SSP检测血小板同种抗原2、3、5系统基因型

目的：建立血小板同种抗原2、3、5系统基因分型方法，以检测人群中HPA－2、3、5系统基因频率。方法：标本DNA的抽提采用快速盐析法，HPA－2、3、5系统基因分型采用PCR－SSP方法。结果：在本研究对象中HPA－2系统：a/a基因型频率为0.806,a/b基因型频率为0/194;a基因频率为0.903,b基因频率为0.097。HPA－3系统:a/a基因型频率为0.421,a/b基因型频率为0.509,b/b基因型频率为0.070,a基因频率为0676,b基因频率为0.324。HPA－5系统：a/a基因型频率为0.933,a/b基因型频率为0.067;a基因频率为0.967,b基因频率为0.033。结论：该方法可鉴定出HPA－2，3、5系统基因型。     

A 3·0‐kb deletion including an erythroid cell‐specific regulatory element in intron 1 of the ABO blood group gene in an individual with the Bm phenotype

We developed a sequence‐specific primer PCR (SSP‐PCR) for detection of a 5·8‐kb deletion (B^m5·8) involving an erythroid cell‐specific regulatory element in intron 1 of the ABO blood group gene. Using this SSP‐PCR, we performed genetic analysis of 382 individuals with B_m or AB_m. The 5·8‐kb deletion was found in 380 individuals, and disruption of the GATA motif in the regulatory element was found in one individual. Furthermore, a novel 3·0‐kb deletion involving the element (B^m3·0) was demonstrated in the remaining individual. Comparisons of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in intron 1 between B^m5·8 and B^m3·0 suggested that these deletions occurred independently.     

医学生作为标准化病人在神经病学教学中的应用和培训

标准化病人（Standardized Patients,SP）是医学教育中的常用方法,而学生标准化病人（StudentStandardized Patients,SSP）则是在此基础上的发展.神经病学疾病具有抽象复杂、专业性强的特点,是医学教学中的难点.该文章以脑梗死为例,阐述SSP在神经病学教学中的应用及其招募、培训方法和相关思考.     

Human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis

Objective

Our purpose was to determine associations between HLA alleles and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

678 PsA cases and 688 healthy controls were analyzed in a case–control design. The difference in the proportion of cases and controls with at least 1 copy of HLA alleles were tested for significance using χ² test and Fisher’s exact test. Association analyses of haplotypes inferred by the Expectation–Maximization algorithm were performed. In the family-based association study, data from 283 families were analyzed.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed that cases were more likely to be carriers of HLA-C^∗01, -C^∗02, -C^∗06, -C^∗12, -B^∗27, -B^∗38 and -B^∗57, whereas controls were more likely to be carriers of HLA-C^∗03, -C^∗07, -B^∗07, -B^∗51, -DRB1^∗15 and -DQB1^∗0602. In haplotype analyses, PsA cases were more likely to be carriers of the HLA haplotypes -C^∗01/-B^∗27, -C^∗02/-B^∗27, -C^∗12/-B^∗38, and -C^∗06/-B^∗57, while controls were more likely to be carriers of the haplotypes -C^∗07/-B^∗07 and -C^∗15/-B^∗51. In the family-based association analysis, the HLA alleles -A^∗02, -B^∗27 and -DRB1^∗07 were preferentially transmitted to cases, whereas the alleles -A^∗03, -A^∗28, -B^∗51, -DRB1^∗11 and -DQB1^∗0301 were under transmitted.

Conclusion

This large case–control and family based association study shows that HLA-C^∗12/B^∗38, HLA-B^∗27 and HLA-C^∗06/B^∗57 are haplotypes (alleles) robustly associated with PsA. However, since patients with PsA also have psoriasis it is difficult to determine whether the primary association is with arthritis or psoriasis.     

徐州汉族人ABO血型及HAB分泌型基因分型研究

目的　研究徐州汉族人群ABO血型及HAB分泌型基因多态性分布特征并用于解决临床输血中血型血清学鉴定难题。方法　用快速盐析法提取外周血标本中的DNA ,用PCR SSP扩增ABO血型、HAB分泌型等位基因。结果　 1 0 4名健康、无血源关系的徐州汉族人ABO血型基因频率分别为A1:0 .1 53 8,A2 :0 .0 962 ,B :0 .2 4 52 ,O1:0 .50 4 8,O2 :未检测到 ( χ2 =6.73 2 3 ,P >0 .2 5,符合Hardy Weinberg公式 ) ;HAB分泌型基因频率分别为分泌基因Se:0 .980 8,非分泌基因se:0 .0 1 92 ( χ2 =0 .0 4 2 1 ,P >0 .75,符合Hardy Weinberg公式 )。 1份用血清学方法不能确定ABO血型的标本 ,用基因分型定为BO1型。结论　PCR SSP是一种方便、可靠的血型基因定型技术 ,与血型血清学方法相比本文非分泌基因se的频率显著偏低 ,4例血清学定为非分泌型个体用该方法鉴定基因型为Se/Se,间接提示G4 4 7A和G757A突变不能完全覆盖我国汉族人群的非分泌基因se。     

A Generic Sequencing Based Typing Approach for the Identification of HLA-A Diversity

ABSTRACT: Sequencing Based Typing (SBT) is a generic approach for the identification of HLA-A polymorphism. This approach includes the high resolution typing of the HLA-A broad reacting groups, HLA-A subtypes and will identify new alleles directly. The SBT approach described here uses a locus specific amplification of DNA from exon 1 to exon 5. The resulting 2,022 bp PCR product serves as a template for the subsequent sequencing reactions. Amplification is followed by direct sequencing of exons 2, 3 and 4 in both orientations with fluorescently labeled primers to define all polymorphic positions leading to a high resolution typing result. In this study the sequence of exons 2 and 3 of a panel of 49 cell lines was determined. In addition, the exon 4 region of 35 cell lines was also sequenced to evaluate the exon 4 polymorphism. The HLA-A type of most of the cells could be identified by sequencing only exons 2 and 3. However, the sequence of exon 4 was required to discriminate A*0201 from A*0209 and A*0207 from A*0215N. In this panel, an identical new “HLA-A*0103” was identified in two Caucasian samples.     

HLA-B27基因亚型分型检测

目的对HLA-B27阳性的样本进行分型检测,探讨HLA-B27亚型分布情况。方法采用HLA-B27SSP（序列特异引物聚合酶链反应）亚型分型试剂盒,对流式细胞仪及B27基因筛查为阳性的样本进行分型检测。结果 91个流式细胞仪及PCR-SSP筛查均为阳性样本中,88例为B2704/25,占96.70%;1例为B2705,占1.10%;2例表现为HLA-B27阳性,但型别未确定,占2.20%。结论本实验检测的HLA-B27阳性样本型别以B2704/25为主。