脑梗死患者血清VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达.情况与其认知障碍的相关性及发生认知障碍的logistics分析

目的研究脑梗死患者血清VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达情况与其认知障碍的相关性及发生认知障碍的lo-gistics分析。方法选取海安市人民医院2018年3月-2020年3月诊断的120例脑梗死患者作为研究对象,认知功能正常患者74例,认知功能障碍患者46例,轻度认知功能障碍患者32例,重度认知功能障碍患者14例,比较观察组与对照组、认知障碍组与认知正常组、轻度与重度认知障碍患者的VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达情况。结果观察组患者VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达水平显著高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),认知障碍组患者的VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达水平显著高于认知正常组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);重度组患者的血清VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达水平显著高于轻度组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);通过相关性分析,脑梗死患者的认知功能障碍与患者的VILIP-1(r=0.459,P<0.05)、胱抑素C(r=0.499,P<0.05)和SSA(r=0.521,P<0.05)表达水平呈现正相关。认知障碍组与认知正常组患者的年龄、文化程度、糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、脑梗死部位以及脑梗死面积之间的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);患者的年龄、文化程度、糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、脑梗死部位、脑梗死面积、VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA均为造成患者认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。结论脑梗死患者血清VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA表达情况与认知障碍呈现显著相关,患者的年龄、文化程度.糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、脑梗死部位、脑梗死面积、VILIP-1、胱抑素C和SSA均为造成患者认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。     

自身抗原Ro/SSA抗原优势决定簇分析

目的： 探讨自身抗原Ｒｏ／ＳＳＡ（Ｍｒ＝ ６０ ０００）的抗原决定簇,为自身免疫性疾病机制的研究提供依据。方法： 根据计算机软件进行的蛋白质序列结构分析,采用ＰＣＲ法克隆自身抗原Ｒｏ／ＳＳＡ（Ｍｒ＝ ６０ ０００）多肽片段的ｃＤＮＡ,定向插入表达载体ＰＧＥＸ－２Ｔ,并且导入大肠杆菌中表达重组融合蛋白,用ＧＳＴ亲和层析柱进行纯化,经免疫印迹法与患者阳性血清进行反应。结果： Ｒｏ／ＳＳＡ（Ｍｒ＝ ６０ ０００）的抗原优势决定簇主要存在于１００～１９０位和１９１～３００位,不同患者、不同病程抗原优势决定簇有所不同。结论：抗原驱动机制在自身免疫性疾病的发病中起重要作用。     

Ethnomedicinal knowledge, belief and self-reported practice of local inhabitants on traditional antimalarial plants and phytotherapy

Ethnopharmacological relevance

This paper reveals the trend of knowledge and practice of traditional antimalarial plants (TAPs) to prevent/treat malaria.

Materials and methods

Stratified, systematic random sampling was adopted. The ethnomedicinal survey was conducted between January and March 2011 by involving the selected 371 household members on knowledge and practice of TAPs by administering a pre-tested questionnaire.

Results

Overall, 54.4% respondents had adequate awareness and usage custom of TAPs and 16 types of plant have been most commonly known and employed by the respondents to prevent/treat malaria. Leaves (57.2%) were most commonly used plant part to prepare traditional antimalarial phytotherapy remedies. Decoction was one of the most commonly used methods to administer TAPs. The chi-square test result revealed that a significant association is found between the usage custom of traditional antimalarial plants and gender (P-value = 0.0282), age (P-value = 0.0024), educational status (P-value = 0.0295), and monthly income (P-value = 0.0001), although not with the ethnicity (P-value = 0.7933) of the respondents.

Conclusion

TAPs usage is an integral part of the tradition and custom of the Ethiopians. However, nearly half of the respondents have had lack of awareness about TAPs and majority of them are reluctant in exercising either due to its ineffectiveness or its bitter taste. Therefore, further laboratory-based research is extremely imperative to identify their antiplasmodial activity and bioactive molecules which could pave the way to formulate the novel affordable as well as accessible potent antimalarials in the near future.     

Total oligomeric flavonoids of Cyperus rotundus ameliorates neurological deficits, excitotoxicity and behavioral alterations induced by cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats

Interactions between neurons and astrocytes play a critical role in the central nervous system homeostasis. Cyperus rotundus (family: Cyperaceae), a traditional Indian medicinal herb, used as nervine tonic and nootropic in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The present study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effect of total oligomeric flavonoids (TOFs), prepared from C. rotundus, in rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Male Sprague Dawley rats (290-340 g) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and reperfusion for 70 h. Experimental animals were divided into four groups: Group I - sham operated (n = 7); Group II - vehicle treated ischemic-reperfusion (IR) (n = 9), and Group III and IV - TOFs treated (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o., respectively; n = 7 in each group). Vehicle or TOFs were pretreated for four days before the induction of ischemia and continued for next three days after the ischemia i.e. treatment was scheduled totally for a period of 7 days. MCAO surgery was performed on day 4, 1 h after TOFs administration. Neuroprotective effect of TOFs was substantiated in terms of neurological deficits, excitotoxicity (glutamate, glutamine synthetase and Na⁺K⁺ATPase levels), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, super oxide dismutase, and glutathione) and neurobehavioral functions in the experimental animals. TOFs decreased glutamate, glutamine synthetase (GS) and increased Na⁺K⁺ATPase activity in a dose dependent manner when compared to the IR rats. Treatment with TOFs significantly reduced the neurological deficits and reversed the anxiogenic behavior in rats. Further, it also significantly decreased MDA and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione content in brains of experimental rats. Histopathological examination using cresyl violet staining revealed the attenuation of neuronal loss by TOFs in stroke rats. The present study demonstrates the unswerving involvement of TOFs on ischemia-reperfusion triggered biochemical alterations in MCAO/R rats. Hence, TOFs might be an attractive candidate for further studies in the development of new drugs for cerebral stroke treatment.     

标准吞咽功能评价量表在预防老年脑梗死病人误吸中的应用

[目的]探讨标准吞咽功能评价量表（SSA）在预防老年脑梗死病人误吸中的应用效果。[方法]选取我院2011年4月—2013年4月老年脑梗死病人312例,按入院时间的单双数顺序分为两组,各156例,研究组在入院24h内完成SSA评分,在此基础上进行误吸风险预测,确定误吸发生的危险级别,分析其引起误吸的危险因素,采取预防措施;对照组只进行常规的误吸预防宣教。观察两组干预半年内吸入性肺炎的发生率。[结果]研究组半年内吸入性肺炎发生率7.7%,对照组半年内吸入性肺炎发生率28.2%,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=19.33,P〈0.05）。[结论]对脑梗死病人使用SSA进行吞咽功能评估,并进行误吸风险预测,及早发现吞咽障碍病人,并实施有针对性的护理措施,可以有效降低吸入性肺炎的发生,对改善预后有积极的临床意义。     

The society for the study of addiction: Temperance,treatment or tolerance? (1930–1961)

The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the main themes which highlighted the work of the Society for the Study of Addiction (SSA) in Britain through the years 1930-1961. The major focus of this paper is on alcoholism with special reference to alcoholism treatment. After presenting some general background during this historical period of the Society, three themes will be discussed: visible changes within the treatment framework, sobriety and the argument of strain, and the rise of the alcoholism treatment unit.     

Nuclear-Targeting Autoantibodies Induced Nuclear PARP Cleavage Accompanied by More Pronounced Decrease of Peripheral White Blood Cells Than Ro/SSA and La/SSB Antigen-Targeting Autoantibodies

Autoantibody production and leukocytopenia may be linked in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). Unclear is the ability of different autoantibody species to induce apoptosis and cell loss. Laboratory routine analyses (white blood cell counts, autoantibody detection), and flow cytometry (annexin V, CD3, CD4, CD8) have been performed in 126 consecutive LE-patients. Nuclei of PBMC were investigated flow cytometrically for the presence of the 85 kDa poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) fragment. Peripheral total white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, T-cells, CD3+ CD4+, and CD3+ CD8+ cells were significantly decreased in patients with LE (P from 1.2 × 10^–14 to P < .0008). In the presence of either antinuclear (P from 1.2 × 10^–14 to P < .0008) or anti-dsDNA antibodies (P from 2.9 × 10^–12 to P < .007) were significantly diminished. Differences in cell numbers in LE patients with versus without anti-Ro/SSA were less pronounced: significant differences could be only obtained in lymphocytes and T-cells (P < .02). Anti-La/SSB antibodies were accompanied by significant increased leukocytes (P < .02). PARP cleavage (85 kDa) in nuclei was preferentially observed in cases with nuclear targeting autoantibodies. These results indicate that nuclear targeting autoantibodies are associated to lower peripheral blood cells counts than Ro/SSA, and La/SSB cytoplasmic targeting autoantibodies. This provides an explanation for the pathogenesis of cytopenias associated with SLE.     

UVB light and 17-beta-estradiol have different effects on the mRNA expression of Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantigens in HaCaT cells

Antibodies produced against the Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantigens are not only of diagnostic value but they may even play a role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases (Sj?gren's syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, neonatal lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus). Among other factors, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and also the hormonal milieu are well-known cofactors in the pathogenesis of these autoimmune diseases. The goal of our research was to study the possible alterations in mRNA levels of three different Ro antigens and that of two La species produced by alternative splicing in transformed human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) after UVB irradiation and after 17-beta-estradiol treatment. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to determine the mRNA levels of the Ro and La species after 24, 48, and 72 h of irradiation. The mRNA levels of calreticulin increased as a function of time after UV irradiation but the mRNA levels of 52 kDa and 60 kDa Ro mRNAs were unaltered. After treating the cells with 17-beta-estradiol, there was no change observed in the levels of Ro mRNAs or La exon 1 mRNA, but a gradual decrease was noted in the mRNA levels of La exon 1'. The importance of alterations in the ratio of La exon 1 to exon 1' is supported by the observations in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome, and our results strengthen the notion that the Ro and La antigens participate in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune diseases.