Cardiovascular effects of agmatine,a “clonidine-displacing substance”, in conscious rabbits

Agmatine has been identified as a clonidine-displacing substance in extracts from bovine brain. We studied its effect on cardiovascular regulation and the role played in this effect by ₂-adrenoceptors.In conscious rabbits, agmatine 10 g kg^–1 injected intracisternally (i.e.) caused no change, whereas agmatine 30, 100 and 300 g kg^–1 i.e. increased renal sympathetic nerve firing, the plasma concentration of noradrenaline and adrenaline and arterial blood pressure. Heart rate tended to be decreased. Yohimbine 1.5 g kg^–1 i.e. caused no change, whereas yohimbine 5, 15 and 50 g kg^–1 increased renal sympathetic nerve activity, the plasma concentration of noradrenaline and adrenaline, blood pressure and heart rate. In rabbit brain cortex slices preincubated with [³H]-noradrenaline, agmatine 1 to 100 M did not modify the electrically evoked overflow of tritium (either 4 pulses at 100 Hz or 36 pulses at 3 Hz). The evoked overflow was reduced by 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline (UK 14304) 0.03 to 30 nM (4 pulses at 100 Hz), and this inhibition was not affected by agmatine 10 and 100 M. Agmatine did not change the basal efflux of tritium.The results show that agmatine, like yohimbine, causes central sympathoexcitation when given i.e., but agmatine differs from yohimbine in that it does not increase heart rate. Agmatine acts neither as an agonist nor as an antagonist at the ₂-autoreceptors in rabbit brain cortex. ₂-Adrenoceptors, therefore, are probably not involved in its cardiovascular effects. An action at imidazoline receptors in the medulla oblongata or some other hitherto unknown mechanism may be responsible for the sympathoexcitation.     

The effects of d-cycloserine and MK-801 on the performance of rats in two spatial learning and memory tasks

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of modulation of the (NMDA) receptor on learning and memory. Thus, the performance of rats treated with d-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor complex, and MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, either alone or concurrently were assessed in radial arm maze and water maze tasks. Administration of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired acquisition in the water maze (increased escape latency and distance) and working memory in the radial arm maze (increased re-entries) in rats. Moreover, in the radial arm maze, MK-801 disrupted locomotion (increased latencies and decreased arm entries per minute) and impaired the acquisition of reference memory (increased number of errors) performance of rats. d-Cycloserine (0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effects on acquisition or memory performance of control or MK-801-treated rats in either of these tasks. However, d-cycloserine (0.03, 0.3, 3.0 mg/kg) reversed the MK-801-induced disruption in locomotion. Furthermore, 3.0 mg/kg d-cycloserine increased behavioral activity and also decreased the time needed to complete the task in control animals. To conclude, our results suggest that the consequences of NMDA receptor modulation on learning and memory processes and sensorimotor functions may be functionally different or have distinct anatomical locations.     

P^16基因蛋白在子宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达

应用免疫组织化学方法对58例子宫颈鳞状上皮细胞癌及5例宫颈上皮内瘤样病变标本的P^16基因表达进行研究,取8例正常子宫颈组织作对照,结果显示：P16基因的阳性表达率在宫颈鳞癌,宫颈上此内瘤样病谱及正常宫颈组织中分别为43．1％,40％,12．5％,肿瘤病理分级越低,临床分期越晚,阳性表达率越低,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,提示：P16基因的异常表达在子宫颈鳞癌的发生,发展过程中起重要作用。     

原位PCR和免疫组化检测垂体腺癌P16基因

目的研究人垂体腺瘤P16基因的改变,同时探索原位PCR技术的适宜条件和结果确认,以及用于基因缺失检测的可行性。方法原位PCR和免疫组化技术。结界绝大部分间质细胞为P16蛋白免疫组化阴性,而一部分垂体肿瘤细胞呈P16阳性;针对P16基因的原位PCR信号则可见于垂体肿瘤细胞和间质细胞等各种细胞,即P16组化阴性的细胞同样表明有P16基因存在。结论原位PCR可以是P16基因研究的一种有效手段,提示垂体腺癌的P16基因改变形式可能主要是表达过度而不是基因缺失。     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 16p11.2 microdeletions with diverse prenatal phenotypes: Four cases report and literature review

ObjectiveChromosome 16p11.2 deletions have been recognized as a genetic disorder with well-described postnatal phenotypes. However, the prenatal manifestations are atypical for lacking of enough evidence.Case reportFour pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of various indications for prenatal diagnosis: prenatal ultrasound abnormalities (cases 1, 2 and 4) and the childbearing history of cerebral palsy child (case 3). No overlapping phenotypes were observed in cases 1, 2 and 4, which might indicate phenotypic diversities in prenatal phenotypes for 16p11.2 microdeletion. All four fetuses showed normal karyotypic results while CMA identified 0.303–0.916 Mb microdeletions of 16p11.2, encompassing BP2–BP3 and BP4–BP5 regions separately. According to the parental CMA verification, case 1 carried a maternal inherited duplication in the region of Xp22.33 and a de novo deletion in the region of Xp21.1. All parents opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counselling.ConclusionOur findings enriched the intrauterine phenotypic features of 16p11.2 microdeletions, which would be beneficial for genetic counselling in clinic. In addition, preimplantation genetic testing was recognized as a first-tier approach for such carriers if they intended to conceive again.     

抑癌基因p16在胃癌中的表达分析

目的探讨胃癌中ｐ１６基因蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法用免疫组织化学法检测８７例胃癌ｐ１６的表达,结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果８７例胃癌中ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率４４．８％,阳性反应以胞核分布为主,阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浸润深度及淋巴结转移无明显相关性,但与分化程度明显相关,高、中分化组的阳性率为５３．１％,低分化组阳性率为３４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论胃癌存在较高比例的ｐ１６蛋白阴性表达,提示在胃癌的发生发展中,ｐ１６基因失活起着重要作用。ｐ１６蛋白的高表达,可作为胃癌分化良好的指标。     

胰腺癌 P16、 P53及 PCNA 的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究胰腺癌中 Ｐ１６和 Ｐ５３基因产物的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化 Ｌ Ｓ Ａ Ｂ法研究２８例胰腺癌组织中 Ｐ１６蛋白和 Ｐ５３蛋白的表达情况,并进行增殖细胞核抗原（ Ｐ Ｃ Ｎ Ａ）检测,计算细胞增殖指数（ Ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎｄｅｘ, Ｐ Ｉ）。结果： Ｐ１６蛋白低表达和 Ｐ５３蛋白过表达均有促进胰腺癌细胞增殖的作用。 Ｐ１６蛋白表达与淋巴结转移无关; Ｐ５３蛋白高表达者具有较高的淋巴结转移率,预后较差。 Ｐ１６蛋白低表达与 Ｐ５３蛋白高表达共存者,其恶性度最高,预后最差。结论：联合检测 Ｐ１６和 Ｐ５３蛋白表达情况,更能充分反映胰腺癌的生物学行为,对胰腺癌患者预后判断及临床治疗有指导意义。     

p16在肝细胞癌组织内变异的研究

应用分子杂交及免疫组化方法检测５６例ＨＣＣ组织内的抑癌基因ｐ１６。结果显示,ＨＣＣ标本中ｐ１６蛋白在癌细胞内表达的阳性率为３７５％（２１／５６）,而ｐ１６ＤＮＡ斑点杂交的阳性率为５５３６％（３１／５６）。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ转膜杂交证实,１２５％（７／５６）ＨＣＣ标本存在ｐ１６的甲基化变异,４４６４％（２５／５６）ｐ１６基因缺失。提示ＨＣＣ发生、发展过程中存在ｐ１６基因的缺失和甲基化变异     

P^16蛋白,增殖细胞核抗原在肾癌的表达及与预后的关系

目的　探讨多肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ１６／ＭＴＳ１蛋白在肾细胞癌（ＲＣＣ）的表达及与临床病理指标、预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组化方法对Ｐ１６蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）在５６例ＲＣＣ的表达进行病理观察。结果　Ｐ１６蛋白在ＲＣＣ的阳性率为６０．７％（３４／５６）,各组织学分级的阳性率差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）,其阳性组和阴性组的５年生存率差异无显著性。ＰＣＮＡ标记指数（ＰＣＮＡＬＩ）在１％～８５％,平均为１９．７％,在不同组织学分级及临床分期中差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＰＣＮＡ高表达组和ＰＣＮＡ低表达组的５年生存率差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｐ１６蛋白的表达与ＰＣＮＡ无一致性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　ＰＣＮＡＬＩ是反映ＲＣＣ组织分化程度及预后的良好指标,Ｐ１６蛋白的胞浆型表达对肾癌临床分期及预后无明显影响。     

546例劳教人员的人格特征研究

目的　探讨劳教人员的人格特征,并对类型间、劳教前职业间、高低智力间、年龄组间等差异等进行了比较研究。方法　采用卡特尔１６ 种人格因素量表,并结合心理矫治过程进行分析研究。结果　劳教人员的乐群性、兴奋性、敢为性、忧虑性、紧张性等因素的均分高于常模水平,而聪慧性、稳定性、有恒性、幻想性、自主性、自律性等因素均分低于常模水平;劳教人员的劳教前职业、年龄、高低智力、罪错类型间存在有一定的人格因素差异,但不以差异为主。结论　劳教人员的人格特征有其特异性,是其违法犯罪的主观因素