Cytochemical characteristics of neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus of hatchling chicks

The goal of the present study was to identify cytochemical markers characteristic of muscle afferents in hatchling chicks. To this end, we stained neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus with a variety of markers that label subsets of neurons in avian dorsal root ganglia. We found that trigeminal mesencephalic neurons are surprisingly heterogeneous in their cytochemical make-up, expressing, to varying degrees, substance P, cholecystokinin, carbonic anhydrase, calbindin D-28k, parvalbumin, and S-100β. Calbindin D28k and S-100β appeared to be expressed equally in medial and lateral divisions of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. In contrast, substance P- and cholecystokinin-immunoreactive neurons were more abundant in the medial division, whereas carbonic anhydrase activity and parvalbumin immunoreactivity were stronger in the lateral division. We were unable to detect met-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, γ-aminobutyric acid, or tyrosine hydroxylase in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. Moreover, these neurons did not appear to bind the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. The heterogeneity of expression of markers among trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus neurons, especially between neurons in the medial and lateral divisions, suggests that these neurons are functionally diverse.     

控制性降压在临床麻醉中的应用进展

控制性低血压是指在某些手术麻醉期间，用药物等方法降低血压，以达到减少手术野出血，便于手术操作的一种方法，通常采用血管扩张剂，钙通道阻断剂及麻醉来控制血压，现就这一领域的研究进展作一综述。     

Evaluation of non-invasive blood pressure measurement by the Finapres method at rest and during dynamic exercise in subjects with cardiovascular insufficiency

The accuracy and precision of the Finapres in recording rest and exercise blood pressure compared with the intra-arterial (aortic and brachial) and random-zero sphygmomanometer methods was assessed in 84 ischaemic patients in three different studies. Firstly, comparison at rest with the aortic intraarterial pressure in 50 ischaemic patients demonstrated that the Finapres systolic (136.5 ± 21.1 vs. 129.3 ± 19.0 mmHg;p < 0.001) and mean (92.4 ± 13.4 vs. 90.7 ± 11.4 mmHg;p < 0.001) arterial pressures were higher and diastolic pressures lower (70.4 ± 11.5 vs. 71.5 ± 9.8 mmHg;p < 0.001). The reproducibility of the Finapres and invasive method was similar for systolic (4.6% vs. 4.0%), diastolic (2.8% vs. 2.7%) and mean (3.3% vs. 3.0%) blood pressures. Second, in seven subjects studied twice at rest and during 4 min supine bicycle exercise, the exercise increase in blood pressure was greater on the Finapres compared with the brachial intra-arterial pressure (systolic +10.2 ± 6.3 vs. +3.6 ± 9.8 mmHg; diastolic +9.6 ± 11.1 vs. +0.2 ± 2.1 mmHg;p = 0.02 for each); however, at steady-state the peak/trough differences in pressure between the methods were similar. Thirdly, compared under rest conditions, to random zero sphygmomanometer (RZO), the Finapres systolic pressure was higher (6.8 ± 3.5 mmHg) and diastolic pressure lower (–6.0 ± 1.9 mmHg). During upright bicycle exercise, the difference between the Finapres and RZO in systolic blood pressure increased at each level of exercise (+14.3 ± 4.2, +17.9 ± 4.0 and +22.2 ± 4.1 mmHg respectively at each exercise stage:p < 0.01). For RZO, diastolic blood pressure fell as exercise workload increased whereas Finapres diastolic blood pressure increased on exercise (3.1 ± 2.6, 7.0 ± 2.1 and 8.1 ± 2.0 mmHg respectively:p < 0.01). Thus there were systematic differences between the values recorded by the Finapres and proximal blood pressure methods and limited agreement in the rest to exercise increments related to light exercise. Calibration of the Finapres values in terms of the other methods is limited by the variable relationship to these related changes in arterial distensibility.     

成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚融合过程中作用的初步研究

为了探讨成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚、融合过程中的作用，作者研究了胆汁中主要的促成核蛋白系统—ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白对模拟胆汁泡的形态与脂类组成的影响，发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白在加快泡凝聚与融合的同时，也使泡胆固醇增加，磷脂减少，泡胆固醇／磷脂比增高，认为成核效应蛋白促泡凝聚与融合的本质是改变了泡胆固醇饱和度。作者的初步研究还发现泡相蛋白虽量微却具有强的促成核活性；几种已知的成核效应蛋白在泡相与微胶粒相的分布有差异；胆固醇结石患者与色素结石患者相比，泡蛋白的量与促成核活性均增高。通过泡蛋白亲和染色技术，还发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白能与模拟胆汁泡形成脂质－蛋白复合体。作者认为，泡中成核效应蛋白的存在或量与质的改变，在泡凝聚与融合过程中起重要作用。     

Induction of type II collagen-specific antibody production in blood lymphocyte cultures of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with collagen-induced arthritis using the immobilized native antigen.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Rhesus monkeys previously immunized with bovine type II collagen to induce arthritis were cultured with the same antigen. Because the native protein is poorly soluble in culture medium a heating step is often used. The antigen in this form induced PBMC proliferation, but epitopes for the induction of antibody production and arthritis were lost. To keep the native protein intact it was coated on affigel beads. With the immobilized antigen specific antibody production could be induced.     

Impaired cellular host defence in peritoneal dialysis by two granulocyte inhibitory proteins

Bacterial and fungal peritonitis is associated with a high riskof morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing continuousambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Impaired cellular hostdefence in the peritoneal cavity underlies this risk. Two granulocyteinhibitory proteins with a molecular weight of 28000 dalton(GIP I) and about 9500 dalton (GIP II) with homology to light-chainproteins and beta respectively, were isolated from peritonealdialysis effluents. In vitro, both granulocyte inhibitory proteinsinhibit PMNL glucose uptake, phagocytosis and intracellularkilling of bacteria. The IC₅₀ of GIP I or GIP II required forinhibition of half-maximal FMLP-induced or PMA-stimulated PMNLfunction was found to be in the nanomolar range, suggestingvery specific inhibition. These data may explain, at least inpart, defective local cellular host defence in CAPD patients.     

脑脊液髓鞘碱性蛋白自身抗体在脱髓鞘疾病的研究

脑脊液髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)自身抗体固相发光免疫分析法,是一项免疫检测新技术,目前国外尚未见到对脱髓病研究的报道。本文作者于1988.5～1989.3首先采用本法并证实其可靠性后,进入临床研究,对36例脱髓鞘病及20例其他CNS疾病者的对照组,用三项免疫指标行对比分析。CSFMBP自身抗体含量及其和同量IgG自身抗体的百分比值分别为69.23±11.95ng/ml及3.24±0.52ug/mg±gG和对照组相比,P值分别为<0.05及<0.001,有显著差异,对本病诊断有意义。     

心脏搭桥术对糖尿病人降糖治疗方案的影响

目的 :通过观察 型糖尿病 (DM- )行心脏冠脉搭桥术 (CABG)术后血糖水平的升高到恢复至术前状态的过程 ,从而判断 CABG对 DM- 降糖治疗的影响。方法 :选择 36例 DM- 合并冠心病病人 ,均于体外循环 (CPB)下行心脏搭桥术 ,从术前监测血糖 ,直至术后第七天 ,于术中及术后根据血糖水平适当应用胰岛素 ,观察其对降糖治疗效果及血糖趋于稳定的过程 ,从而判断 CABG对 DM- 血糖的影响。结果 :术中及术后 1～ 3d血糖会较术前明显升高 ,需加用胰岛素助降糖 ,术后 3d血糖渐降 ,第六天趋于稳定 ,第七天恢复至接近术前水平。结论 :DM- ,病人行 CABG术 ,只要围术期有效控制血糖 ,术后血糖基本会逐渐恢复至术前状态 ,对其今后的降糖治疗不会造成严重影响     

A porcine model for sequential assessments of cerebral haemodynamics and metabolism

We present a physiologically stable porcine model designed for sequential assessments of pharmacological effects on mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) at sustained normocapnia. The dynamic influence of continuously administered fentanyl (0.040 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.), nitrous oxide (70%) and pancuronium (0.30 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) on these variables was studied in eight normoventilated pigs. CBF was reliably assessable at 10-min intervals by clearance of intra-arterially injected 133Xe, monitored by an extracranial scintillation detector. CMRO2 was calculated from CBF and the simultaneously measured cerebral arteriovenous difference in blood oxygen content. The intracerebral distribution of a contrast medium injected into the external and internal carotid arteries was studied by angiography, and the cerebral venous outflow was investigated by measurements of the distribution of an intra-arterially administered non-diffusible tracer, [99mTc]pertechnetate, to the internal and external jugular veins. After a 3-h equilibration period, CBF and CMRO2 were determined on six occasions over a study period lasting 1 h 40 min. The mean ranges of these variables were 56-60 and 1.9-2.0 ml.100 g-1.min-1, respectively. We conclude that the model enables repeated assessments of CBF and CMRO2 under stable physiological background conditions and thus valid cerebral pharmacodynamic investigations of drugs given for anaesthesia.