乳腺癌的高频超声诊断分析

目的探讨高频超声对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾分析40例经手术病理证实为乳腺癌的高频声像图表现。结果乳腺癌多数表现为不规则分叶或伪足状,边缘毛刺征,界限不清,肿块纵横比大于1,内部回声光点粗大而不均匀,常见砂粒样钙化灶,后方回声衰减,血流信号丰富。结论高频超声有助于提高乳腺癌的诊断率,具有较大的临床价值。     

99mTc-tetrofosmin显像与超声检查在乳腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值比较

目的 探讨99mTc-tetrofosmin(99mTc-TF)平面显像、断层显像诊断乳腺癌的临床价值,并与超声检查做比较.方法 50例女性受检者均行99mTc-TF平面显像、断层显像及超声检查.以病理结果为金标准,探讨并比较99mTc-TF平面显像、断层显像及超声检查在乳腺癌良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 99mTc-TF平面、断层显像和超声检查诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为74.2%、93.5%、87.1%,特异性为66.7%、73.3%、80%.结论 99mTc-TF显像尤其是断层显像是一种新的有效诊断乳腺癌的方法,可与超声检查相媲美.     

经颅多普勒超声在昏迷危重患儿中的应用

目的应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)观察昏迷患儿脑血流动力学的一般情况及变化趋势,以及了解脑血流动力学与颅内压之间的联系。方法以大脑中动脉(MCA)为靶血管,观察昏迷组及对照组患儿(其中56例昏迷患儿)脑血流变化;腰穿或应用甘露醇前后各指标的变化;昏迷患儿不同时期及不同昏迷程度时的各指标的变化。结果昏迷组收缩期峰流速(Vp)、平均血流速度(Vm)、脉动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)明显高于对照组;昏迷患儿在治疗前Vp、Vm、PI、RI均高于治疗后;患儿在腰穿前大脑中动脉Vp、Vm、PI、RI均高于腰穿后;甘露醇使用前Vp、Vm、PI、RI均高于其使用后;Glasgow评分分值低者Vp、舒张期流速(Vd)、Vm偏低,而RI、PI偏高。结论昏迷患儿的脑血流动力学异于正常,TCD可反映颅内脑血流灌注情况,脑血流动力参数可随颅内压而变;因此TCD有助于判断病情、指导临床治疗和评估预后。     

Post-voiding residual volume in 154 primiparae 3 days after vaginal delivery under epidural anesthesia

OBJECTIVES: To use 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) to determine the frequency of post-voiding residual volume (PVRV) > or =100 mL in primiparae 3 days after receiving epidural anesthesia for vaginal delivery. Potential relationships between day-3 PVRV > or =100 mL and obstetrical-pediatric parameters, especially those possibly implicated in post-obstetrical bladder dysfunction, were examined. STUDY DESIGN: We recruited 154 primiparae who vaginally delivered term singletons following uncomplicated pregnancies in the maternity unit of a French teaching hospital. All women had been systematically catheterized 2-h postpartum to measure precisely the volume of urine retained. On the morning of discharge (day 3), when the patient felt the urge to urinate, her 3D-US pre-voiding bladder volume was determined with BladderScan (BVI-3000), then her spontaneously voided urine was collected to accurately quantify its volume and 3D-US was repeated immediately to evaluate the PVRV. PVRV > or =100 mL on day 3 was considered pathological. RESULT: Among these 154 women, 88 (57%) felt the need to urinate and 97 (63%) had a retained volume > or =500 mL at 2-h postpartum. On day-3 postpartum, the median [range] volumes for the entire cohort were: 426.7 [158-999.7] mL 3D-US-measured pre-voiding, 350 [15-1000] mL collected by spontaneous urination, 82.2 [5.3-433.3] mL 3D-US-determined post-voiding; PVRV exceeded 100 mL for 55 (36%). According to our univariate analysis, no factor considered was able to predict PVRV > or =100 mL on day 3. CONCLUSION: Our observations confirmed the existence of PVRV > or =100 mL on day 3 in more than one-third of these primiparae who delivered vaginally under epidural anesthesia. No obstetrical-pediatric factor could be implicated in this bladder dysfunction. Therefore, we recommend frequent and systematic non-invasive 3D-US monitoring of all postpartum patients at least until day 3 to avoid excessive urine retention.     

Low endometrial volume may predict early pregnancy loss in women undergoing in vitro fertilization

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of 3-D US measurement of the endometrium during early IVF-pregnancy and before the appearance of gestational sac in the prediction of pregnancies outcome. METHODS: 60 pregnant women following IVF treatment were included in the study. The women underwent transvaginal 3D US measurements of endometrial volume and thickness on day 15-17 post ET. Patients were followed and classified according to pregnancy outcome into 2 further groups. The group with early pregnancy loss and the group with ongoing pregnancy. RESULTS: While no differences were observed between those who miscarried and those who did not in gestational age, endometrial thickness or volume, spontaneous early pregnancy loss was significantly higher in patients with endometrial volume <2 mL as compared to those with endometrial volume >2 mL. CONCLUSIONS: 3-D US measurement of endometrial volume of less than 2 mL during early IVF pregnancy and prior to the appearance of gestational sac is a powerful predictor of pregnancy loss.     

31例胰岛素瘤临床及定位诊断分析

目的提高对胰岛素瘤的认识、诊断和治疗。方法对31例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料和定位诊断进行总结分析。结果患者病程3周~14年,23例手术治疗,术后病理诊断为胰岛细胞瘤,其中2例多发内分泌腺瘤(MEN-1型)。8例未行手术治疗,经临床检查诊断为胰岛素瘤。31例中有28例有典型的Whipple三联症,住院期间低血糖发作,血糖在0.57~2.7mmol/L之间。23例INS(血浆胰岛素)/G(血糖)>0.3。影像学检查阳性率:超声检查为53.3%,CT为50%,血管造影(DSA)为78.9%,内镜超声(EUS)为91.6%。结论胰岛素瘤患者常反复发作低血糖、有各种交感神经兴奋及神经精神症状,影像学检查以EUS、DSA检出率为高。尤其EUS检查创伤小,阳性率高,应作为临床胰岛素瘤定位诊断的主要手段之一。     

早产儿视网膜病变的彩色多普勒超声诊断与临床眼科随访对比分析

目的 研究彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)检查技术在早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的诊断和随访中所具有的临床价值.方法 选择2008年3月至2009年2月我科收治的胎龄小于37周或出生体质量小于2 000 g的早产儿、低体质量儿为研究对象,在生后4～6周采用RetCam数字视网膜照相机及间接眼底镜等眼科检查进行ROP筛查,共检查49例,98只眼,同时行双服彩色多普勒超声检查,并将两者对照分析.结果 眼科检查确诊ROP患眼41只,包括Ⅰ期8只,Ⅱ期19只,Ⅲ期6只,瘢痕期8只,未发现Ⅳ、Ⅴ期的患儿.CDFI与眼科检查对照特异性为85.5%,敏感度为76.7%.其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ期表现为:眼底视网膜中央动脉(CRA)的血流信号异常丰富,血管细小分支增多,走行迂曲,收缩期峰值流速(V_s)测值无明显改变,舒张期流速(V_d)减低,血流阻力指数(RJ)增高,在眼底正中视乳头区域可见强回声短条状结构突向玻璃体内,Ⅰ期ROP的8只眼CDFI未发现明显特征性改变.结论 Ⅰ期ROP的CDFI表现不典型,而Ⅱ～Ⅲ期患儿眼底视网膜血管病变CDFI具有特征性的图像表现,CDFI对于ROP高危人群的常规初筛有较好的临床实用价值.     

应用二维超声方法评价高血压血管内皮功能

目的:对高血压1～2级无心血管其他危险因素病人的血管内皮功能作一评估,并探讨高血压对内皮功能的影响及其可能机制。方法:研究对象30例,高血压病人和正常人各15例。应用高分辨二维超声方法检测反应性充血前后肱动脉直径,比较两组的血流介导血管舒张测定百分数(FMD)功能以及与血压之间的关系;同时比较两组血清氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、一氧化氮(NO)及内皮素-1(ET-1)的水平。结果:①高血压病人FMD(10.79%)明显低于对照组(19.61%),P<0.01。②相关分析显示,FMD%分别与收缩压(r=-0.446,P<0.01)、舒张压(r=-0.645,P<0.01)呈负相关。③高血压病人血清ox-LDL、ET-1显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而NO则明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:高血压病早期虽无明显动脉硬化,但已存在血管内皮功能的损伤。     

灰阶联合能量多普勒超声在评价早期类风湿关节炎骨侵蚀及疾病活动度中的应用价值

目的：采用灰阶联合能量多普勒超声（PDUS）评价早期类风湿关节炎（RA）患者骨侵蚀,探讨其敏感性并评价其在疾病活动度中的应用价值。方法：使用高频灰阶超声联合PDUS对56例早期RA患者进行骨侵蚀评价及滑膜炎评分,并同时测定临床及实验室指标,包括28个关节的疾病活动度评分（DAS28）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、健康调查问卷（HAQ）。对其中20例患者进行手腕x线及MRI增强扫描。结果：超声发现骨侵蚀是X线检查5．7倍,与MR／检查基本相符（91．5％）。与体格检查相比,超声检出滑膜炎的关节数是体格检查1．6倍,与MRI检查基本一致（95．7％）。PDUS活动性滑膜炎关节计数及关节指数评分与DAS28、血沉、C-反应蛋白呈正相关,与HAQ无显著性相关。结论：灰阶联合PDUS是评价早期RA患者骨侵蚀及疾病活动度的敏感及可靠指标。