2001年—2003年第1季度北京地区门诊患者降血糖用药动态分析

目的 :了解北京地区糖尿病患者的用药需求 ,并对降血糖药物进行分析。方法 :采用《医院处方分析》课题 (北京地区 )2 0 0 1年～ 2 0 0 3年每年第 1季度门诊降血糖用药的处方数据进行比较。结果与结论 :通过统计 ,北京地区糖尿病患者人数不断增多 ,且人们更多选用了新型降糖药。在临床应用中 ,口服制剂以磺酰脲类用量居主导地位 ,而α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂用量逐年上升 ;使用基因合成人胰岛素较动物胰岛素的用量逐年增多 ,为控制糖尿病用药及合理应用提供了依据     

Perinatal Outcome of Pregnancies After Assisted Reproduction: A Case–Control Study

Purpose: A matched case–control study of all pregnancies obtained after either IVF or ICSI was conducted to investigate the perinatal outcome. Methods: Three hundred eleven singleton and 115 twin pregnancies obtained after assisted reproduction were studied. Controls were selected from a regional register and were matched for maternal age, parity, singleton or twin pregnancy, and date of delivery. Results: No significant difference was observed for gestational age at delivery, birth weight, incidence of congenital anomalies, and incidence of perinatal mortality between ART (singleton and twin) pregnancies and spontaneous controls. ART twin pregnancies showed a higher incidence of preterm deliveries than control pregnancies (52 vs 42%; P < 0.05) and needed more neonatal intensive care (47 vs 26%; P < 0.05). Conclusions: From this case–control study it is concluded that the perinatal outcome of ART singleton pregnancies is not different from that in matched controls. ART twin pregnancies showed a higher incidence of preterm deliveries than control pregnancies and needed more neonatal intensive care.     

Embryo developmental stage at transfer influences outcome of treatment with intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine if embryo cell stage at the time of intrauterine transfer correlates with pregnancy rate in patients treated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 455 embryo transfer cycles following ICSI and 304 conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer cycles in women aged 40 years or less. Abstracted information included grading of the embryo cell stage and quality at the time of transfer. Results: The overall ICSI pregnancy rate was 30.8%, while that of conventional IVF was 29.3%. However, the ICSI pregnancy rate fell to 9.3% for embryo transfers taking place at the two-cell stage but increased to 35.8% when at least one embryo had more than two cells, and this difference was statistically significant (P≤0.0001). The pregnancy rate following conventional IVF was 22.0% when only two-cell embryos were transferred and 32.0% when at least one of the embryos had more than two cells, but this difference in pregnancy rates was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: The stage of embryo development at transfer appears to exert a powerful influence on the successful establishment of pregnancy after ICSI.     

去氢骆驼蓬碱注射用乳剂的凝聚动力学研究

采用电导法对去氢骆驼蓬注射用乳剂的凝聚动力学进行了研究，求出凝聚速度方程和25℃时半凝聚期，从而定量地预测了这一分散体系的物理稳定性。     

注射用熊胆粉对大鼠脑血栓的影响

目的观察注射用熊胆粉对脑血栓、脑缺血动物模型的影响。方法观察注射用熊胆粉iv给药后对大鼠大脑中动脉血栓模型、不完全性脑缺血、血小板、血栓形成、血瘀大鼠血液流变性的影响。结果注射用熊胆粉可明显抑制大鼠体内外血栓的形成,降低血液黏度,改善血液流变性,抑制血小板聚集,降低血小板黏附性,改善血栓性缺血脑组织病变程度,降低毛细血管通透性,且可降低损伤脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,保护超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结论注射用熊胆粉对脑缺血有保护和治疗作用。     

辨证掌握穴位注射方法提高穴位注射的疗效

目的:提高中西结合治疗疾病的疗效.方法:在中医辨证的基础上,在腧穴上进行针剂注射.结果:通过针刺和药液渗透,将穴位疗效和药理作用结合在一起,充分发挥其综合效能.结论:用中医辨证理论,穴位注射治疗能疏通经络,调补阴阳.针药结合,提高疗效.     

参麦注射液与氨茶碱对膈肌细胞Ca2+浓度的影响

目的 :探讨参麦注射液与氨茶碱对膈肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度的影响。方法 :体外培养大鼠膈肌细胞 ,荧光光度法测定参麦注射液与氨茶碱处理前后细胞内Ca2 浓度的变化。结果 :氨茶碱可使膈肌细胞内的Ca2 浓度明显升高(P<0.01) ,维拉帕米或预先去除培养液中Ca2 可消除该作用。参麦注射液对膈肌细胞内Ca2 浓度无明显影响(P>0.05)。缺氧24h即可致膈肌细胞内Ca2 浓度明显升高(P<0.01) ,参麦注射液对缺氧24h所致的膈肌细胞内Ca2 浓度升高有抑制作用。结论 :细胞外Ca2 是氨茶碱导致细胞内Ca2 升高的关键因素 ,氨茶碱可通过促进细胞外Ca2 内流导致细胞内Ca2 升高。参麦注射液可抑制缺氧所致的膈肌细胞内Ca2 超载 ,对细胞有一定的保护作用。以上作用分别参与了二者抗膈肌疲劳的机制     

小剂量人重组红细胞生成素不同给药途径治疗慢性肾衰贫血临床观察

目的:观察小剂量人类重组红细胞生成素 (rhu -Epo)皮下注射与静脉注射两种给药途径对慢性肾衰贫血的疗效。探索更为有效、安全、经济的给药途径。方法 :用随机数字表法将20例慢性肾功能衰竭贫血病人分为两组 :分别采用皮下注射 (治疗组 )与静脉注射 (对照组 )两种给药途径 ,比较两种不同给药途径疗效的差异。结果 :两组病人RBC、Hb、Hct均有明显上升 ,与治疗前比较差别均有很显著性 (P<0.01)。6周内两组之间比较差别无显著性 (P>0.05)。皮下注射组治疗后2周与6周RBC、Hb、Hct差别有很显著性 (P<0.01)。两组均有血压增高。结论 :小剂量rhu -Epo皮下注射与静脉注射均能有效改善慢性肾衰病人的贫血,两种给药途径相比较,皮下注射更安全、经济、适用。     

细辛脑注射液对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响

目的观察细辛脑对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响。方法共选取60例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分成2组,治疗组予细辛脑注射液0.5 mg/kg,用10%葡萄糖注射液稀释成0.01%的溶液,静脉滴注,2次/d;对照组用氨茶碱针4~6 mg/kg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL静脉滴注,1次/d,两组均用7 d为1个疗程,共观察2个疗程。结果治疗2周后,两组嗜酸性粒细胞与巨噬细胞治疗前后比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),同时治疗组的淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞与治疗前比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),两组嗜酸性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞比较也均有明显差异(P均<0.05)。治疗后两组肺功能均比治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),治疗组的肺功能I、L-5与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论细辛脑注射液对哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响优于氨茶碱组。     

肾囊内注射甲泼尼龙治疗儿童难治性紫癜性肾炎

目的探讨肾囊内注射甲泼尼龙治疗儿童难治性紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)的疗效。方法难治性HSPN患儿22例随机分为3组:Ⅰ组,口服泼尼龙组;Ⅱ组,静脉注射大剂量甲泼尼龙组;Ⅲ组,肾囊内注射甲泼尼松组。连续观察8周,分别于0、4、8周检测患儿24 h尿蛋白量、血清清蛋白(Alb)、肌酐(Scr)、血浆胆固醇(Cho)。结果4周时3组24 h尿蛋白分别为(2.35±1.09)(、0.97±0.37)、(0.99±0.52)g,3组间有显著差异(P<0.01);8周时3组24 h尿蛋白分别为(2.13±1.68)(、1.57±0.89)(、0.19±0.11)g,3组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。观察治疗期间肾囊注药组患儿血清Alb、血浆Cho渐恢复至正常水平。结论肾囊内注射甲泼尼龙可减少难治性HSPN儿童尿蛋白排出。