弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠诱导的脾淋巴细胞持续性免疫应答

目的观察弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗滴鼻免疫BALB/c小鼠后诱导的脾淋巴细胞的免疫应答及持续时间。方法96只BALB/c小鼠随机分为免疫组和对照组,免疫组以弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗20μl/只(20μg可溶性速殖子抗原 1μg霍乱毒素)滴鼻免疫2次(间隔2周),对照组以PBS滴鼻。分别于末次滴鼻后第1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12周处死小鼠,脾淋巴细胞计数,免疫细胞化学法检测CD4 、CD8 T细胞亚群水平。结果免疫组小鼠于第1,2周脾淋巴细胞明显高于对照组(P<0.01),其中以CD4 T细胞增生为主,第1,2,3,4,6周增生显著(P<0.01),CD8 T细胞水平在第2,3周也有增生(P<0.05),CD4 /CD8 比值第6周高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗滴鼻免疫BALB/c小鼠可有效诱导脾淋巴细胞增殖性免疫应答,且可持续较长时间。     

综合评价法在计划免疫评价中的应用

目的：评价计划免疫工作。方法：应用综合系数法对通州市1999-2003年计划免疫工作进行评价。结果：通州市近5年计划免疫综合指标各年均达标，分类指标除2002、2003年效益指标未达标外，其余均达标。结论：利用综合系数法评价计划免疫工作是可行的。     

在神经损伤疾病治疗中的用药分析

目的 探讨神经损伤患者治疗中出现的类似感染症状的药物治疗对策。方法 分析治疗过程中药物对疾病转归的影响。结果 神经损伤疾病患者在治疗过程中,出现发热及消化道症状,呈血清病样改变;胃肠道粘膜溃疡,肠道充血水肿,炎性细胞浸润,脓血便或粘液便等;有时合并肺片异常及浆膜腔炎等类似感染症状,一般使用抗菌药治疗,疗效不明显,但给予复方苯乙哌啶或同时联用免疫抑制剂治疗,有明显的疗效。结论 复方苯乙哌啶对神经损伤治疗过程中类似感染症有明显疗效。     

贵州省麻疹疫苗强化免疫试点结果分析

为迅速降低麻疹发病率 ,贵州省将在全省范围内对 8月龄～ 12岁儿童开展一次麻疹疫苗 (MV)强化免疫 ,为保证活动顺利实施 ,2 0 0 3年在黔南布依族苗族自治州进行了试点 ,对所有 8月龄～ 6岁儿童、<13岁在校小学生和7～ 12岁辍学儿童中 ,无预防接种证或接种MV <2次的儿童均接种 1针MV(0 2ml)。结果显示 :实际接种儿童819732人 ,报告接种率 98 6 % ;学龄前儿童、在校学生和辍学儿童报告接种率均 >95 %。省、州两级快速调查接种率 >96 % ,用贵州年鉴公布的人口资料推算 ,估算接种率在 82 %以上。用常规免疫和口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫资料推算 ,8～ 11月龄和 1岁儿童估算接种率 >报告接种率。此次MV强化免疫基本达到预期目标。     

日照市1999～2003年加速控制麻疹效果分析

自 1999年开始 ,日照市采取一系列措施加速控制麻疹。通过 5年观察 ,取得明显效果。麻疹疫苗 (MV)基础免疫报告接种率为 99 71% ,估算接种率为 93 5 6 %。通过开展常规免疫和强化免疫 ,人群麻疹抗体阳性率为98 79% ,几何平均滴度为 1∶14 0 7 6 5 ;麻疹年平均发病率由加速控制麻疹前 5年的 0 4 8/10万 ,下降至加速控制麻疹后 5年的 0 0 4 /10万。加强监测 ,保持MV高水平的常规免疫 ,并适时开展适龄儿童的强化免疫 ,建立巩固的免疫屏障 ,是加速控制麻疹的关键。     

河北省2003年维持无脊髓灰质炎状态进展

河北省 2 0 0 3年急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例监测系统报告AFP病例 375例 ,<1 5岁儿童非脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )AFP病例报告发病率 2 34/1 0万 ,全部排除脊灰。病例分布于 1 4 6个县 (市、区 )。合格粪便标本采集率为95 47%,各项监测指标均达到世界卫生组织和卫生部的要求。 2 0 0 3/2 0 0 4年度全省开展 2轮口服脊灰疫苗强化免疫 ,第 1轮强化免疫报告应种儿童 2 4 71 90 8人 ,实种儿童 2 4 3871 7人 ,接种率 98 6 6 %;第 2轮报告应种儿童2 5 1 36 97人 ,实种儿童 2 4 86 0 97人 ,接种率 98 90 %。     

临沂市部分人群麻疹抗体水平及麻疹疫苗强化免疫血清学效果监测

目的了解临沂市麻疹疫苗强化免疫的效果和人群麻疹抗体水平.方法随机抽取2个县区1 534名0～39岁健康人,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹IgG抗体.结果1 534人中抗体阳性1190人,阳性率77.57%,几何平均滴度(GMT)1:783.1～12岁儿童抗体阳性率最高(85.71%～98.44%),GMT则从6岁开始下降至中低等水平,抗体阳性率有随年龄增长而下降的趋势.观察麻疹疫苗初种8～12月龄儿童188人,免疫成功率为96.81%;麻疹疫苗复种5～7岁儿童186人,免疫成功率61.29%;免疫后抗体GMT初、复种疫苗分别比免疫前提高28.4倍和3.1倍.结论大年龄儿童及成人的麻疹抗体水平仅达到中低水平;不论是初种或复种,免疫前抗体处于中低等水平者其免疫成功率显著高于免疫苗高抗体水平者.     

Immunogenicity and side‐effects of the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in periodic fever,aphthous stomatitis,pharyngitis, and adenitis patients

The aim of this study was to compare the immunogenicity and side‐effects of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination between periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) patients and healthy controls who have not been previously exposed to HAV. A prospective observational study was carried out of 28 PFAPA patients and 76 controls who received two doses of the vaccine. Immunogenicity was expressed as seroconversion and seroprotection rates; mean HAV‐immunoglobulin G concentration was measured at 0, 1, 7 and 18 months. Side‐effects were defined as incidence of adverse events and the effect of vaccination on PFAPA symptoms. All participants were seronegative and seroconverted at 1 month. One month after primary vaccination, 92.9% of PFAPA patients and 77.6% of the controls attained seroprotection, while the rates increased to 100% and 96.1%, respectively, 1 month after the second dose. Seroprotection rates remained adequate 1 year after completion of vaccination. In conclusion, two doses of the inactivated HAV vaccine are well‐tolerated and effective in children with PFAPA.     

LT adjuvant modulates epitope specificity and improves the efficacy of murine antibodies elicited by sublingual vaccination with the N-terminal domain of Streptococcus mutans P1

In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and peptide-based immune signatures of antibodies raised in mice after sublingual immunization with a recombinant form of the P1 (aka AgI/II, PAc) adhesin (P1_39-512) of Streptococcus mutans, a major etiological agent of dental caries. Sublingual administration of P1_39-512 in combination with the mucosal adjuvant LTK4R (a derivative of heat-labile LT toxin) induced strong and long-lasting systemic and mucosal immune responses. Incorporation of the adjuvant resulted in an enhancement of the anti-adhesive and anti-colonization activity against S. mutans as evaluated both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Incorporation of the adjuvant to the vaccine formulation also changed the epitope specificity of the induced antibodies as determined by immunological signatures of sera collected from vaccinated mice. Use of a peptide microarray library led to the identification of peptide targets recognized by antibodies in serum samples with enhanced anti-adhesive effects. Altogether, the results presented herein showed that the sublingual administration of a P1-based subunit vaccine represents a promising approach for the prevention of dental caries caused by S. mutans. In addition, the present study disclosed the role of adjuvants on the epitope specificity and functionality of antibodies raised by subunit vaccines.