甘草锌佐治轮状病毒肠炎72例临床观察

目的观察甘草锌治疗轮状病毒肠炎临床疗效。方法将126例轮状病毒肠炎患儿随机分为治疗组72例，对照组54例，并观察疗效。结果治疗组总有效率91．67％，对照组总有效率70．37％，两者比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论甘草锌辅助治疗轮状病毒肠炎疗效肯定。     

Phylogenetic analyses of typical bovine rotavirus genotypes G6, G10, P[5] and P[11] circulating in Argentinean beef and dairy herds

Group A rotavirus (RVA) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide. RVA strains affecting Argentinean cattle mainly possess combinations of the G6, G10, P[5] and P[11] genotypes. To determine RVA diversity among Argentinean cattle, representative bovine RVA strains detected in diarrheic calves were selected from a survey conducted during 1997–2009. The survey covered the main livestock regions of the country from dairy and beef herds. Different phylogenetic approaches were used to investigate the genetic evolution of RVA strains belonging to the prevalent genotypes. The nucleotide phylogenetic tree showed that all genotypes studied could be divided into several lineages. Argentinean bovine RVA strains were distributed across multiple lineages and most of them were distinct from the lineage containing the vaccine strains. Only the aminoacid phylogenetic tree of G6 RVA strains maintained the same lineages as observed at the nucleotide level, whereas a different clustering pattern was observed for the aminoacid phylogenetic trees of G10, P[5] and P[11] suggesting that the strains are more closely related at the aminoacid level than G6 strains. Association between P[5] and G6(IV), prevalent in beef herd, and between P[11] and G6(III) or G10 (VI and V), prevalent in dairy herds, were found. In addition, Argentinean G6(III), G10, P[5] and P[11] bovine RVA strains grouped together with human strains, highlighting their potential for zoonotic transmission. Phylogenetic studies of RVA circulating in animals raised for consumption and in close contact with humans, such as cattle, contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the RVA infection and evolution.     

Impact of non-routine rotavirus vaccination on hospitalizations for diarrhoea and rotavirus infections in Spain

This study shows hospital discharges related to all-cause diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in children up to five years of age from 2005 to 2009 in Spain. Rotavirus vaccines have been available in Spain since late 2006 and early 2007. They are neither funded nor reimbursed by the National Health Care System. However, they are recommended by the Spanish Association of Pediatricians and prescribed by paediatricians. The vaccination coverage was 17% in 2007, 35% in 2008 and 38% in 2009. Among a total of 111,738 hospitalizations recorded, 24% (N = 26,500) were coded as rotavirus and 14% (N = 16,217) as diarrhoea of undetermined aetiology. The overall annual incidence of hospitalization was 991,235 and 144 per 100,000 children up to five years of age for all-causes diarrhoea, rotavirus infection and diarrhoea of undetermined aetiology respectively. The annual rate significantly decreased during the study period.     

Genetic characterization of a rare bovine-like human VP4 mono-reassortant G6P[8] rotavirus strain detected from an infant in Bangladesh

During an ongoing diarrhea etiology surveillance in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, a rare human G6P[8] RVA strain (RVA/Human-wt/BGD/KH2288/2011/G6P[8]) was detected in a stool sample of a 7-month-old infant with acute diarrhea. Complete genotype analyses revealed that KH2288 possessed the G6-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 genotype constellation. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene revealed a close phylogenetic relationship with bovine G6 strains from India, whereas, the VP4 gene segment was nearly identical to typical human P[8] strain circulating in Bangladesh and the rest of the world. Phylogenetic analysis of the remaining nine gene segments revealed a close relatedness to either animal or animal derived human RVA strain. We speculated that, strain KH2288 was a monoreassortant between a human RVA strain and a RVA strain typically infecting member of the Artiodactyla, such as cattle, goat or sheep. To our knowledge, this is the first complete genotyping report of a naturally occurring G6P[8] RVA strain, worldwide.     

山东省1990 ～ 1998 年肾综合征出血热流行特征及其变化趋势

山东省是我国肾综合征出血热 (ＨＦＲＳ)流行最严重的疫区 ,其发病人数占全国发病总数的 1/3左右[1] 。笔者分析了山东省ＨＦＲＳ流行特征及其变化 ,旨对ＨＦＲＳ综合防制工作有一定的指导作用1 .流行概况 :在 1995～ 1998年ＨＦＲＳ发病率为 19.19/10万 ,病死率为 0 .42 % ,分别比 1990～ 1994年发病率 10 .15 /10万和病死率 0 .90 %上升和下降 (χ2 =12 784.47,Ｐ <0 .0 0 0 1;χ2 =10 5 .12 ,Ｐ <0 .0 0 0 1)。ＨＦＲＳ发病高峰在 1995年 ,发病率为 2 6 .0 8/10万 ,病死率为 0 .48%。山东省共有141个县 (区 ) ,1990～ 1998年ＨＦＲＳ发病…     

轮状病毒腹泻患儿病毒血症研究

目的 探讨急性轮状病毒（RV）腹泻患儿病毒血症的发生情况。方法 大便ELISA一步法证实为急性RV腹泻的不同年龄患儿200例,RT-PCR法检测其血清中RV。结果 入院当日14例血清RV阳性,不同年龄组间无显著差异（ X^2=1.96,P(0.25),均伴有不同程度肠外器官损害表现和明显发热;腹泻停止后血中RV全部阴性,大便73例阳性。结论 急性RV腹泻患儿可通过病毒血症引起肠外器官损害,腹泻消失后的无症状携带者是不容忽视的传染源。     

Epidemiology and burden of rotavirus diarrhea in day care centers in Lyon, France

This study gives, for the first time, an estimate of the incidence and the cost of rotavirus infection in day care centers in Lyon, France. An erratum to this article can be found at     

硝苯吡啶、思密达联合治疗婴幼儿腹泻

目的评价硝苯吡啶、思密达对婴幼儿轮状病毒性腹泻的治疗效果。方法将300例婴幼儿轮状病毒性腹泻患儿随机分为两组,在抗病毒、纠正脱水及电解质平衡紊乱等治疗的基础上,治疗组150例采取硝苯吡啶、思密达联合应用的方法,对照组150例应用多酶片。结果治疗组总有效率92.0%,对照组总有效率77.3%。两组疗效经统计学处理,差异显著,P<0.01。结论硝苯吡啶、思密达联合治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性腹泻,能改善患儿的临床症状及体征,明显缩短病程,疗效好,未发现有不良反应。并且药源丰富,便于推广。     

谷氨酰胺联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性肠炎临床疗效观察

目的 观察评估谷氨酰胺联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性肠炎的临床疗效。方法 2015年10月—2018年10月,某医院收治的急性肠炎患者80例,行血常规超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)、粪常规及潜血5项检验,随机将患者分为对照组与实验组,每组40人,对照组采用口服双歧杆菌四联活菌,实验组在对照组基础上加用谷氨酰胺。结果 经过5 d治疗后,实验组病情改善情况:腹泻、大便潜血或白细胞、血象或CRP有效率分别为:77.5%、82.5%、67.5%;与对照组与之对应有效率分别为:35.0%、35.0%、42.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 谷氨酰胺联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性肠炎优于双歧杆菌四联活菌单药治疗急性肠炎效果,值得推广。     

去乳糖奶粉辅助治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒所致腹泻病的疗效观察

目的探讨去乳糖配方奶粉对婴幼儿轮状病毒所致腹泻病辅助治疗作用。方法采用严格的双盲、随机、对照等效性试验,将119例以乳类喂养为主的轮状病毒所致腹泻病患儿随机分为两组,两组均给予常规药物和补液等治疗。观察组停止乳类喂养,改用去乳糖奶粉,对照组继续乳类喂养,对两组疗效及病程进行比较。结果去乳糖组腹泻的治愈率及总有效率分别为43.08%和90.77%;常规组治愈率及总有效率分别为12.96%和51.85%,两组疗效的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。去乳糖组腹泻缓解天数为(3.23±1.41)d,明显低于常规组的(4.51±1.02)d(P<0.05)。两组均无明显的不良事件发生。结论去乳糖奶粉联合腹泻常规治疗方案治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒所致腹泻病能明显减轻症状,缩短病程,提高治疗效果。