口服免疫球蛋白治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效观察

目的 评价口服免疫球蛋白治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效。方法 随即纳入婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿221例，A组109例口服免疫球蛋白治疗，B组口服5％葡萄糖112例作为对照。结果 口服免疫球蛋白治疗组总有效率（87．16％），高于口服5％葡萄糖对照组（74．36％，P〈0．01）。结论 口服免疫球蛋白治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎有效，应用方便。     

畲药止泻汤治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效观察

目的:观察畲药止泻汤治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效。方法:将78例确诊患儿分成治疗组和对照组,对照组予利巴韦林针10-15mg/(kg.d)静滴和对症治疗;治疗组在上述基础上加用畲族民间验方止泻汤。结果:治疗组止泻时间、脱水纠正时间和住院时间较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而退热时间与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组总有效率为92.5%,对照组为76.3%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组与对照组治愈率分别为77.5%和57.9%,差异则有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:畲药止泻汤对婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎有治疗作用,未发现毒副作用及不良反应,可供临床治疗选用。     

喜炎平联合思连康治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻临床观察

目的观察喜炎平联合思连康治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻的疗效。方法将140例秋季腹泻患儿随机分成治疗组70例和对照组70例。对照组应用思密达及利巴韦林,口服ORS,并卧床休息,合理饮食,有严重脱水者给予静脉补液。治疗组加用喜炎平联合思连康治疗。结果治疗组在止泻时间上明显小于对照组,经统计学处理P0.01,差异有显著性。治疗组在总有效率方面同对照组比较差异有非常显著的意义(P0.01)。结论喜炎平联合思连康治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻疗效显著,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

Immunization against bovine rotaviral infection

Calves fed with colostrum from cows vaccinated with an inactivated rotavirus vaccine were refractory to experimental infection with strain 81/36F of bovine rotavirus.In the field study, 458 pregnant cows from 26 herds were involved. In each herd, cows were selected and randomly subdivided in two groups. Cows in one group (248 head in total) were vaccinated, whereas cows in the other group (210 head in total) were left as unvaccinated controls. At calving, colostrum was collected from each cow and stored at -30°C until used for feeding calves.The newborn calves, beginning the second day of life and for the next 740 days, were each fed a daily supplement of 400 ml of colostrum from its dam.The diarrhea occurred in 86 (40.9%) calves that had received colostrum from unvaccinated dams (normal colostrum), and in 7 (2.8%) calves which were fed colostrum from vaccinated dams (immune colostrum). The disease was very severe in the normal colostrum-fed calves and 52 of them died. By contrast, the 7 immune colostrum-fed calves displayed a rather mild enteric condition, and all recovered without any sequela being observed.Presented at the XXII National Congress of the Italian Society for Microbiology, Salsomaggiore 1-4 May, 1988.Corresponding author.     

Cure of arthritis-dermatitis syndrome due to intestinal bypass by resection of nonfunctional segment of blind loop

Summary Many complications that followed jejunoileal bypass operations performed for the relief of morbid obesity were caused by bacterial overgrowth in the excluded blind loop. The arthritis-dermatitis syndrome was one of the common distressing disorders. The pathogenetic mechanism was thought to be an immune-complex-mediated process related to bypass enteritis. Antiarthritic medication was ineffective in most instances, and the skin lesions were refractory to treatment. A 45-year-old woman was suffering from the disorder as described above. She also had diarrhea, a low hematocrit, an elevated white blood cell count, and an increased sedimentation rate. Her nutritional status was satisfactory, presumably because of adaptive hypertrophy of the short functioning small intestinal segment. The patient adamantly refused dismantling of the bypass or any gastric restriction operations. Therefore, the blind loop, the source of her disease, was excised with immediate relief of all ill effects and restoration of normal laboratory findings. The patient has been entirely well since, and her weight has remained stable for one year.     

Aktuelle Rotavirusimpfstoffe

Zusammenfassung Rotaviren sind weltweit die häufigste einzelne Enteritis-Todesursache bei Kindern, seit ihrer Entdeckung wird an Impfstoffen gearbeitet. In 2004 wurde ein Schluckimpfstoff (attenuierter humaner Virusstamm; Rotarix^®) in Mexiko zugelassen, ein weiterer Oralimpfstoff ist vor der Zulassung. In Deutschland — einem Land mit einer (unbekannt) kleinen Zahl von Todesfällen durch Rotavirus (RV) — werden jährlich (Saison 1997/1998) etwa 24.000 Kinder unter 4 Jahren wegen RV-Erkrankung hospitalisiert und 122.000–181.000 ambulant behandelt. Beide Impfstoffe werden über 90% der RV-Hospitalisierungen und etwa 75% der RV-Arztkonsultationen verhindern können. Für die aktuelle Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung fehlen wesentliche Daten, v. a. im familiären/gesellschaftlichen Bereich.     

并呼吸道感染的轮状病毒肠炎的临床特点

目的　探讨并呼吸道感染的轮状病毒 (RV)肠炎临床特点。方法　对 32例并呼吸道感染的RV肠炎 (呼吸道感染组 )与 37例无肠道外表现的RV肠炎 (对照组 )进行回顾性分析。结果　 1 .呼吸道症状随腹泻好转而好转。 2 .平均腹泻持续时间 :呼吸道感染组 (7.0 6± 1 .50 )d ,对照组 (4.73± 1 .31 )d ,两组比较差异有非常显著性 (t=6 .90　P <0 .0 1 )。 3 .腹泻停止时大便RV转阴情况 :呼吸道感染组 1 5例 ,对照组 2 8例 ,两组转阴率比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =4.78　P <0 .0 5)。 4 .恢复正常乳类喂养时 ,继发性乳糖不耐受 (SLI)发生情况 :呼吸道感染组 8例 ,对照组 5例 ,两组SLI发生率比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =5 .72　P <0 .0 5)。结论　并呼吸道感染的RV肠炎的临床特点为病程较长、病情较重、腹泻停止时RV转阴率低、SLI发病率高。     

模拟克隆病的肉芽肿性肠炎动物模型的建立

４０只地鼠随机分为两组，实验组：２０只腹腔撞种副结核杆菌；对照组：２０只分别接种生理盐水和死菌（各１０只），８个月后处死动物，作病理学观察。结果：实验组８０％（１６／２０）的地鼠出现肉芽肿性肠炎，而对照组未见肉芽肿性肠炎和溃疡形成。两组肉芽肿性肠炎的发病率有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结果表明：利用副结核杆菌接种地鼠，建立了一个模拟克隆病的肉芽肿性肠炎小动物模型。