大肠癌高发区嘉善县大肠癌危险因子的调查研究

在大肠癌高发区嘉善县进行了病例对照调查,以探索大肠癌的致癌危险因子。病例160名(结肠癌61名,直肠癌99名),对照320名。调查询问项目分食物项目和非食物项目。计算结果表明,在非食物方面,RR数值达到显著水平的有:肠息肉、腹泻、粘液血便、精神刺激、阑尾炎、阑尾切除和家族肿瘤史等;在食物方法,对照组比病例组摄入的粗纤维和维生素C的量多,且达到显著水平。     

Failure of oral implants: aetiology, symptoms and influencing factors

The use of oral implants opened a wide range of prosthetic treatment possibilities in edentulous patients. Although the reported success rates of oral implants are high, failures do occur. This paper reviews the current knowledge about the aetiology, the signs and symptoms and the possible influencing factors of implant failure. Possible causes of implant failure are thought to be infection of the periimplant tissues, occlusal overload, or a combination of both. Nevertheless, pinpointing one of these as the aetiological factor in a particular case is difficult and should be handled reluctantly. Although the cause might seem obvious, influencing factors could play a role as well. Gaining insight into these processes might stimulate the adoption of preventive action and therefore increase the predictability of the treatment outcome with oral implants. Received: 4 April 1997 / Accepted: 27 November 1997     

合肥地区献血员感染HBV和HCV危险因素的多因素分析

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了合肥地区１４４０名献血员抗ＨＣＶ和乙肝五项指标，抗ＨＣＶ阳性率为５５％；ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为１５％，ＨＢＶ总感染率４３７％。分别以抗ＨＣＶ阳性与感染过ＨＢＶ的献血员为病例，以抗ＨＣＶ阴性与未感染ＨＢＶ的献血员为对照进行了ＨＣＶ和ＨＢＶ感染危险因素的单因素和多因素分析。结果显示，ＡＬＴ、献血次数、献血量、文化程度、献血员心理和输血史与ＨＣＶ感染有关；血型、家庭人口数和家庭子女数与ＨＢＶ感染有关。     

学龄儿童行为问题危险因素配对研究

将２１４名经Ｒｕｔｔｅｒ儿童行为问卷调查评定为有行为问题的学龄儿童与２１４名对照儿童进行了配比分析，以探讨学龄儿童行为问题的危险因素。研究结果表明，父、母文化程度和父亲职业是影响学龄儿童行为问题的重要因素；多因素条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ逐步回归分析结果显示父母文化程度偏低是学龄儿童行为障碍的两项独立危险因素。文中对学龄儿童行为问题的预防和矫治进行了讨论。     

Application of Animal Toxicology Data to Clinical Study of Experimental Drugs

The pharmaceutical industry performs safety studies in animals to underwrite administration of new chemical entities to man. Early clinical evaluation of drugs in volunteers is performed, generally, using highdose acute studies in rodents and 1-month repeat dose studies in one rodent species and one non-rodent species as a basis for risk assessment. Results from the 1-month toxicology studies enable a ceiling for initial clinical doses to be set and give some indication of the major target organs for toxicity. Extrapolation of these results to man helps determine the preliminary safety endpoints, including clinical chemistry parameters, for use in early clinical studies in man.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

中国农村地区5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡社会危险因素研究

目的 调查农村5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡相关的社会危险因素.方法1995年11月—1997年2月在湖北恩施和建始两个贫困地区对5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡的危险因素进行病例—对照研究,死亡病例组226例,肺炎对照组 452例.结果 引起儿童肺炎死亡的社会-经济危险因素有:家庭的人均年收入少于 450元、母亲没有立即带孩子看病的理由是没钱看病或交通不便、家中曾有过一个孩子死亡、家长和村医生的文化程度低、父亲的职业是农民、居室内有火炉、母亲对疾病的认识不够、医生的专业培训不足等.结论 除生物相关因素外,社会危险因素同样是农村5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡的重要因素.它们中某些因素是可以借助对父母的健康教育和急性呼吸道感染病例标准管理而得到控制.     

A method for reducing background tracks in plastic detectors

The purpose of the present study was to reduce background tracks by removing a given surface layer of the 250 μm thick lexan polycarbonate foils before exposure to alpha particles. Ethylenediamine solution was used for taking layers from the surface of the foils.     

Quantification of risk factors in Hospital infection at a surgical service

In this paper we have analyzed several risk factors for developing nosocomial infections at a Surgical Service of the Hospital Clinico Universitario San Cecilio 2>, based on a retrospective follow-up program designed specifically for this study. Of all patients admitted to the Service from January 1 to June 17, 1987, we examined the following variables: age, sex, cause of admission, emergency or non-emergency admission, operation and related variables. The overall rate of nosocomial infections was 16.46%. The most significant risk factors we found were operation , which had a linear correlation coefficient of '0.929 (p < 0.01) with hospital infection when stratified by its lenght, advanced age ( >60 years old), especially in non-operated patients, and chemoprophylaxis. Such risk factors were ascertained taking into account the confounding effect produced by the variables studied in this survey.Corresponding author.     

绝经后高血压危险因素的Meta分析

背景 流行病学研究表明,绝经后女性的高血压患病率高于老年男性。近年来,有关绝经后高血压的临床表现、病理特征、发病机制、治疗方法等受到越来越多的关注,但由于受到研究设计、样本量、人群特征、资源不足等因素的影响,其危险因素的研究结果不一致且缺乏全面报道。目的 运用系统评价方式探讨女性绝经后高血压的危险因素,为更好地预防和管理绝经后高血压提供循证证据。方法 于2022年1—5月,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、EmBase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science电子数据库,获取与绝经后高血压危险因素相关的队列及病例对照研究。检索时限为建库起至2022-05-20。由2名研究者独立根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对所提取的文献进行偏倚风险评估,将得分≥6分（高质量）的文献纳入研究,最后采用RevMan 5.3对其进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献,5篇为队列研究,5篇为病例对照研究,共涉及16个危险因素,总样本量为34 864,且均为高质量文献。Meta分析结果显示,...     

基于贝叶斯多变量联合模型的体检人群脑卒中发病风险因素的纵向研究

背景 脑卒中是目前影响人类健康的主要公共卫生问题之一;健康体检纵向数据累积了大量的健康信息,由于缺失数据多、样本量小等诸多问题,导致其利用率低、重要信息未能得到充分挖掘,进而对常见慢性病的有效防控等工作带来一定困难。目的 基于贝叶斯多变量联合模型,探讨体检人群脑卒中发病风险因素,为慢性病风险因素分析提供新的方法。方法 本研究使用空军军医大学西京医院健康医学中心2008—2015年的体检资料。随访情况：以首次发生脑卒中为结局事件,发生结局事件立即停止随访;若未发生,到2015年体检信息收集完成后结束随访;体检间隔时间为1年。依据随访过程中是否发生脑卒中分为脑卒中组和非脑卒中组。纵向观察变量包括总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、体质指数（BMI）和收缩压（SBP）。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析基线情况对脑卒中结局事件的影响;采用贝叶斯多变量联合模型,分析随访过程中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、BMI和SBP的纵向变化轨迹对脑卒中发病的影响。结果 本研究共纳入234例研究对象,1 581条纵向随访记录,平均随访时间为...