髓内钉InterTan与重建钉治疗股骨近端骨折的临床疗效

目的：探究髓内钉InterTan与重建钉治疗股骨近端骨折的疗效。方法资料随机选取2013年6月—2014年6月该院收治的135例股骨近端骨折患者,随机分为研究组68例,对照组67例。对照组行股骨近端重建钉治疗,研究组行髓内钉InterTan治疗,分析两组治疗效果。结果研究组术中出血量（228.65±28.42）mL、住院时间（16.53±5.68）d 及完全负重时间（6.75±1.49）d均优于对照组的（325.57±54.28）mL、（23.62±7.26）d与（10.82±1.93）d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后研究组髋关节Harris评分（93.63±4.45）分高于对照组（80.24±4.88）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论髓内钉InterTan较之股骨近端重建钉治疗疗效确切,可显著改善股骨近端骨折患者髋关节功能。     

Clinical and capillaroscopic findings in patients with liver disease and proximal apparent leukonychia (Terry nails and its variants)

Terry nails and Lindsay nails are similar forms of proximal apparent leukonychia (PAL). A change in nail bed vascularity is thought to be responsible for PAL. The study was aimed at investigating the frequency of PAL in patients attending a liver disease clinic, the factors associated with its presence, its value for detecting cirrhosis, its prognostic value for mortality, and associated capillaroscopic findings.A total of 521 patients were included (age range, 18–94 years; 69% men). Systematic nail photographs were evaluated by 2 independent investigators. Disease-related data were obtained from the medical records. Mortality was evaluated after 7 years of follow-up. Nailfold capillaroscopy was performed on a subset of 80 patients.PAL was present in 228 patients (43.8%; Terry nails in 205, Lindsay nails in 20, and both in 3). The kappa-coefficient of interobserver agreement was 0.82. The presence of PAL was associated with cirrhosis and, accordingly, with portal hypertension and hepatocellular dysfunction. The positive likelihood ratio of PAL for the diagnosis of cirrhosis was 1.6 (95% CI 1.3–1.92). PAL was independently associated with chronic alcohol abuse and was not a significant predictor of mortality. Venous loop dilatation and prominence of the venous plexus were observed on capillaroscopy in patients with cirrhosis but were not significantly associated with PAL.In summary, PAL is a common finding in patients from a liver clinic; it is associated with liver cirrhosis and with alcohol abuse. PAL is not associated with specific capillaroscopic findings. We propose the generic term proximal apparent leukonychia instead of classic eponymous titles to avoid confusion in the literature.     

闭合复位空心钉内固定后踝骨折的疗效分析

目的 比较闭合复位空心钉内固定和切开复位的疗效。方法 2011年1月至2013年6月在我院就诊的后踝骨折101例,分观察组和对照组,观察组为56例闭合复位和空心钉内固定,对照组为45例切开复位和空心钉内固定治疗,观察两组术后的疗效,手术时间,术中出血年,骨折愈合时间,完全负重时间,并发症的发生率和踝关节功能。结果 观察组的总有效率为92.86%,对照组的总有效率为95.56%,两组的总有效率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.022,P>0.05)。两组的手术时间,踝关节稳定,行走能力,跑步能力和X线测量评估差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而观察组的术后出血量,骨折愈合时间,完全负重时间和并发症,踝关节功能的疼痛,活动范围和总分明显短于或者少于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 闭合性复位和空心钉治疗后踝骨折具有创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,踝关节功能影响小等特点。     

术前慢性病对高龄股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者疗效的影响

目的探讨术前慢性病对股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2013年5月收治的诊断为股骨粗隆间骨折并采用PFN内固定治疗的286例高龄患者的临床资料,根据术前是否有慢性病将其分为两组,A组96例,术前无慢性病,B组190例,术前患有慢性病,比较两组患者的围手术期失血量、术后3、6、12个月术侧髋关节Harris评分及术后并发症发生情况。结果 B组患者围手术期失血总量、显性失血量、隐性失血量均高于A组(P<0.05);A组在术后3个月、6个月、12个月的Harris髋关节功能评分均明显高于B组(P<0.05),术后并发症发生率B组明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论术前合并慢性病会对股骨PFN内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效造成影响,因此术前合并慢性病者要综合评估,加强处理,积极治疗可预防并发症的发生。     

InterTan髓内钉与Gamma 3钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较InterTan髓内钉与Gamma3钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2010年5月至12月收治的50例老年股骨转子间骨折患者资料,根据内固定方式不同分为两组:InterTan髓内钉组(采用InterTan髓内钉内固定治疗)25例,男9例,女16例;平均年龄为(78.4±6.1)岁,骨折AO分型:A1型8例,A2型15例,A3型2例.Gamma 3钉组(采用Gamma 3钉内固定治疗)25例,男7例,女18例;平均年龄为(79.2±7.8)岁;骨折AO分型:A1型10例,A2型13例,A3型2例.记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、髋关节Harris评分及并发症的发生情况. 结果 InterTan髓内钉组和Gamma 3钉组术后各有23例患者获得随访,平均随访时间分别为13.4、13.6个月.InterTan髓内钉组和Gamma 3钉组患者手术时间平均分别为(71.5±19.3)、(61.3±13.9) min,差异有统计学意义(t=0.120,P=0.044);术中出血量平均分别为(183.9±69.3)、(182.1±68.8) mL,骨折愈合时间平均分别为(3.1±0.8)、(3.1±0.6)个月,髋关节Harris评分平均分别为(83.7±5.7)、(82.2±6.4)分,并发症发生率平均分别为8.7％ (2/23)、13.0％ (3/23),以上项目两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 两种内固定均可靠、效果良好,InterTan髓内钉更适合骨质疏松严重或粉碎性骨折患者,Gamma 3钉因手术时间短可用于对手术耐受较差的患者.     

仰卧位与侧卧位闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较仰卧位与侧卧位闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的近期疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2010年9月采用髓内钉内固定的71例股骨干骨折患者资料,根据术中体位不同分为两组:仰卧位组33例,男26例,女7例;平均年龄为(39.2±9.6)岁;骨折AO分型:A型15例,B型9例,C型9例.侧卧位组38例,男29例,女9例;平均年龄为(42.2±10.1)岁;骨折AO分型:A型14例,B型10例,C型14例.记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、改为切开复位内固定的病例数、近期并发症、住院时间及骨折愈合时间等. 结果 71例患者术后获12 ～ 26个月(平均20个月)随访.仰卧位组患者手术时间[(139.9 ±46.8) min]和术中透视时间[(191.4±78.6)s]较侧卧位组[(75.5±18.1)min、(93.3±27.1)s]长,术中出血量[(176.5±103.0)mL]较侧卧位组[(132.5±42.7) mL]多,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).仰卧位组与侧卧位组患者住院时间和骨折愈合时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).仰卧位组3例患者术中改为切开复位髓内钉固定.两组患者均未出现近期并发症.结论 侧卧位闭合复位髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折无需牵引床,具有手术时间短、创伤小及接受X线辐射量少等优点,是一种较好的术式选择.     

Correlates of toenail selenium and its cross‐sectional association with metabolic syndrome

Background

The present study aimed to identify independent correlates of toenail selenium levels and to examine the association between toenail selenium levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the Trace Element Study of Korean Adults in the Yeungnam area, an ongoing cohort study of Korean adults over the age of 35 years. The baseline survey consisted of questionnaires on demographics, lifestyle characteristics and medical information. Dietary information was obtained through a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Toenail selenium levels were quantified using neutron activation analysis. Biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome were obtained from biennial medical check‐ups.

Results

In the multivariable‐adjusted analyses, independent lifestyle and dietary correlates of higher selenium levels were alcohol drinking (4.62% higher than nondrinking) and egg intake (0.43% higher per weekly serving), whereas current smoking (5.42% lower than nonsmoking) and vegetable consumption (0.05% lower per weekly serving) were associated with lower toenail selenium levels. In the multivariable adjusted logistic regression, no significant association was observed between toenail selenium levels and metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.58–3.05).

Conclusions

Multiple lifestyle and dietary factors influenced toenail selenium levels, although no meaningful association was observed between toenail selenium levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Future prospective large‐scale cohort studies are required to determine whether there is a causal relationship between selenium levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

     

踝关节3.5mm全螺纹空心无头加压螺钉取出困难原因分析

目的:探讨踝关节3.5mm全螺纹空心无头加压螺钉取出困难的原因。方法:选取2019年4—12月行踝关节内固定(包括3.5mm全螺纹空心无头加压螺钉)取出术患者的病例资料进行分析。统计患者的人数、性别、年龄,及使用3.5mm全螺纹空心无头加压螺钉的数量、材料、使用部位、留置时间。按照是否发生螺钉取出困难,将患者分为螺钉正常取出组和螺钉取出困难组,对螺钉取出困难的原因进行统计分析。结果:符合要求的患者共31例,涉及87枚3.5mm全螺纹空心无头加压螺钉,均为国内同一厂家生产的TC4钛合金螺钉。螺钉正常取出组26例(77枚螺钉),螺钉取出困难组5例(10枚螺钉),螺钉取出困难发生率为11.49%。螺钉正常取出组男13例、女13例,螺钉取出困难组男2例、女3例;2组患者的性别比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.000,P=1.000)。2组患者年龄比较,差异无统计学意义[(49.80±11.72)岁,(43.60±12.09)岁,t=1.044,P=0.305]。螺钉取出困难组患者的螺钉留置时间比螺钉正常取出组长[(14.78±3.08)个月,(16.10±1.14)个月,t=2.550,P=0.016]。螺钉正常取出组螺钉应用于外踝33枚、内踝39枚、后踝5枚,螺钉取出困难组螺钉应用于外踝1枚、内踝4枚、后踝5枚;2组患者的螺钉应用部位比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);螺钉取出困难组中螺钉应用于后踝(50%)和内踝(9.3%)的比例更高。结论:踝关节骨折应用3.5mm全螺纹空心无头加压螺钉固定,后期发生螺钉取出困难的风险较高;螺钉留置时间过长及固定后踝或内踝骨折更易发生螺钉取出困难。     

Revision with plates of humeral nonunions secondary to failed intramedullary nailing

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the results achieved after revision with plates of humeral nonunions secondary to failed intramedullary nailing.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 32 patients with humeral nonunions secondary to failed intramedullary nailing, treated by internal fixation with plates between 1998 and 2012. Nonunions were diaphyseal in 19 cases, they were located in the proximal humeral metaphysis in nine cases, and in the distal humeral metaphysis in four cases. There were 11 atrophic nonunions and 21 oligotrophic nonunions. Initial treatment was performed with static locked nails in 12 cases, nails with expansive locking systems in 11 cases, and using thin elastic nails in nine cases. The nails were placed antegrade in 18 cases and retrograde in 14 cases. Time between initial surgery and revision surgery averaged 14.5 months. In seven diaphyseal nonunions, the intramedullary nail was left in-situ. Bone graft was added in 25 cases.

Results

Follow-up averaged 35 months. Union was achieved in all cases, after an average of 3.8 months. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at last follow-up averaged 14 points, and Constant’s score averaged 82 points. The analogue scale of pain averaged 0.8 points. Out of seven patients with radial nerve compromise, six recovered completely and one needed tendon transfers.

Conclusions

Revision with plates after failed intramedullary humeral nailing achieved union and good predictable objective and subjective results in all cases. Adequate implant selection and meticulous surgical technique are necessary to achieve successful osteosynthesis and bony union.