组织多普勒与血流多普勒评价原发性高血压右室舒张功能

目的:应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术检测三尖瓣环舒张期运动速度,并与三尖瓣血流多普勒进行对比研究,评价原发性高血压患者右室舒张功能。方法:应用TDI测量35例原发性高血压患者三尖瓣各叶瓣环舒张早期峰值速度e波及舒张晚期峰值速度a波;脉冲多普勒测量三尖瓣血流舒张早期及舒张晚期峰值速度E峰、A峰。并与对照组进行对比。结果:与对照组比较,高血压组平均e波、e/a比值及E峰、E/A比值减低(P<0.01),A峰升高;e/a<1检出率高于E/A<1检出率(P<0.01);三尖瓣各叶瓣环e/a比值间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:原发性高血压可引起右室舒张功能减低,三类瓣各叶瓣环运动技术能简便有效评价高血压右室舒张功能。     

肺切除并扩大性左心房部分切除治疗局部晚期肺癌疗效分析

目的探讨扩大性外科手术治疗左心房和心包内肺静脉受侵犯的局部晚期肺癌的效果。方法1998年6月至2004年11月对7例局部晚期肺癌患者施行肺切除合并左心房部分切除术,左上肺叶切除3例,同时行肺动脉和支气管袖状成形术2例,左全肺切除1例,右全肺切除2例,右中、下肺叶切除1例,全组均在非体外循环下行部分左心房切除术。结果本组无手术死亡,随访中,2例分别于术后38,26个月死亡,其余5例健在。中位生存期18.4个月。结论非体外循环下扩大性肺切除合并左心房部分切除治疗左心房及心包内肺静脉受侵犯的局部晚期肺癌,提高了患者的生活质量,延长了生存期。     

顽固性室性早搏的导管标测与射频消融治疗

采用射频导管消融术对症状明显、药物无效的１０例顽固性室性早搏（简称室早）进行治疗。将消融电极送至右室流出道区域，以Ｓ１Ｓ１或ＲＳ２早搏刺激标测到与体表１２导联心电图记录的自发室早ＱＲＳ波群图形完全相同，并且激动标测时自发室早的局部电图较体表心电图ＱＲＳ波群提前３０ｍｓ以上的部位为消融靶点。以室早在放电后１０ｓ内消失，维持稳定窦性心律３０～６０ｍｉｎ为即刻成功标准。９例患者经１０～２０Ｗ、消融６０～１８０ｓ，早搏和短阵室速完全消失；１例失败。平均随访１１个月，未服任何抗心律失常药物症状消失，复查心电图和动态心电图，９例中８例无早搏、１例为偶发室早，均无并发症。提示射频导管消融术是治疗某些右室流出道早搏的可行方法。     

三维CT血管造影在右肺上叶静脉解剖中的应用

目的　应用多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）联合后处理容积重建（VR）技术显示右肺上叶静脉,对其解剖结构进行分类。 方法　95例患者行肺动静脉造影,应用VR技术显示右肺上叶静脉,研究其分支类型及引流静脉归类概况。 结果　（1）右肺上叶前静脉有多支,95例患者共268支,走形复杂,主要收集右肺上叶前段和尖段血液,有18例走形于右肺水平裂,收集右肺上叶前段和右肺中叶的血液;右肺中央静脉为1支,共95支,走形于右肺上叶前段和尖段支气管中间;右肺上叶后静脉较少出现,共14支,其中5支直接汇入左心房。（2）右肺上叶肺静脉分型中,“前+中央静脉”型最为常见,有81例（85.2 %）,“前+中+后静脉”型14例（14.8%）,单纯的“前静脉”型和“中央静脉”型本研究未发现。 结论　MSCTA联合后处理VR技术可以真实直观地显示右肺上叶静脉的分支形式。     

略论患者知情同意权的侵权责任法救济

知情同意权是保障患者人格受尊重,行使自主决定权的重要方式,本质上应该属于人格权的范畴,在我国法律没有明确确认其为独立的人格权之前,不妨将其作为一般人格权进行保护。患者知情同意权本质上不仅仅是一种人格权还属于人权的范畴。侵害知情同意权的侵权责任本质上属于一般侵权责任,其归责原则并无特殊性。侵害知情同意权的侵权责任的构成要件有：违法行为,损害事实,违法行为和损害之间的因果关系,过错。     

新生儿、婴幼儿期TOF姑息性治疗:体肺动脉分流术与右室流出道支架安置术

自从20世纪50年代Lillehei、Kirklin等外科治疗法洛氏四联症（TOF）成功至今近60余载.随着科学信息和科学技术迅猛发展,TOF在诊断、外科、麻醉、体外循环技术及围手术期监护水平和装备得以显著的改善和提高,婴幼儿TOF手术死亡率已明显下降,而且远期生存率也有改善.来源于STS （2002-2007年）多中心的先心病资料提示,出生后3～12个月TOF手术早期死亡率为0.8％～1.2％（图1）;上海儿童医学中心近10年1岁以内TOF根治术早期死亡率2.2％;英国报道TOF手术后10年生存率98.5％～99.0％;雅典近期报道14年生存率为98.8％;多伦多临床资料示TOF手术后20年、40年生存率分别为94％和90％.     

The effect of stercuronium on cardiac muscarinic receptors

In the electrically stimulated guinea-pig left atrium preparation stercuronium (10^?6?3 × 10^?4 M) a short-acting neuromuscular blocking drug, was found to produce parallel displacement of concentration-response curves for negative inotropic responses to acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine and pilocarpine but not those to ATP or K⁺. The effect of stercuronium was not modified in the presence of mecamylamine (2 × 10^?5 M) or propranolol (3 × 10^?6 M). It was concluded that stercuronium possesess antimuscarinic activity but in contrast to the competitive antagonist homatropine (2 × 10^?6?3 × 10^?4 M) the degree of antagonism of cholinomimetics tended towards a limiting value at high concentrations of antagonist being more marked with acetylcholine than with carbachol and the other cholinomimetics. Pretreatment of guinea pigs with dyflos (1.2 mg/kg s.c. daily for 3 days) reduced but did not abolish the difference between acetylcholine and carbachol. Using acetylcholine as the agonist in atria obtained from dyflos-pretreated guinea pigs combination of stercuronium and homatropine produced dose ratios which were significantly less than expected for combination of 2 competitive antagonists. It is suggested that the antimuscarinic activity of stercuronium is due to a non-competitive antagonism of the metaffinoid type whereby interaction at an allosteric site may modify the bining of agonists and of competitive antagonists for the receptor.     

Achievement of pulmonary vein isolation in patients undergoing circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: a randomized comparison between two different isolation approaches

Introduction: Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) with the endpoint of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has been developed as an effective therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). This endpoint can be achieved either by closing gaps along circular lines or by segmental PV isolation inside the circular lines after creation of initial CPVA lesions. We investigated whether the clinical outcome depends on the PV isolation approach used during the first-time CPVA procedure.
Methods and Results: One hundred consecutive patients (69 male; age, 56.7 ± 11.6 years) who underwent first-time CPVA for treatment of symptomatic AF were enrolled. PV isolation was randomly achieved either by CPVA alone (aggressive CPVA [A-CPVA] group, n = 50) or by a combination of CPVA with segmental PV ostia ablation (modified CPVA [M-CPVA] group, n = 50). Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATa) within 3 months after the initial procedure occurred in 30 patients (60%) in the M-CPVA group and in only 15 patients (30%) in the A-CPVA group (P < 0.01). ATa relapse after the first 3 months was detected in 21 patients (42%) in the M-CPVA group, compared with 9 patients (18%) in the A-CPVA group (P = 0.01). At 13 ± 4 months, patients treated by the A-CPVA approach had greater freedom from ATa recurrence than patients who underwent M-CPVA (P = 0.01). The M-CPVA approach was the only independent predictor associated with procedural failure (RR 0.318; 95% CI 0.123–0.821; P = 0.02).
Conclusions: When PV isolation is the endpoint of CPVA, the efficacy of the A-CPVA approach is better than that of M-CPVA.