索磷布韦/维帕他韦联合或不联合利巴韦林治疗基因3型慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染者的疗效及安全性:一项真实世界研究

目的评估索磷布韦/维帕他韦(sofosbuvir/velpatasvir,SOF/VEL)联合或不联合利巴韦林(ribavirin,RBV)治疗基因3型慢性丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis c virus,HCV)感染者的有效性及安全性。方法以2018年12月至2020年1月至成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心就诊的84例基因3型慢性HCV感染者为研究对象,其中慢性丙型肝炎56例,代偿期肝硬化17例,失代偿期肝硬化11例。根据患者病情予以SOF/VEL联合或不联合RBV抗病毒治疗12~24周,检测患者基线、治疗4周、治疗结束时以及治疗结束后12周肝功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)]、肾功能[尿素、肌酐(creatinine,Cr)]和血常规[白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)和血小板(platelet,PLT)]等指标,检测基线和治疗结束后12周的肝硬度值。同时详细记录患者在治疗期间的不良事件。主要结局指标为治疗结束后12周的持续病毒学应答(sustained virological response,SVR)和治疗中不良事件的发生情况。结果共80例患者(95.2%)达到SVR12,其中慢性丙型肝炎、代偿期肝硬化及失代偿期肝硬化患者的SVR12分别为100%(56/56)、94.1%(16/17)和72.7%(8/11),差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。慢性丙型肝炎组、代偿期肝硬化及失代偿期肝硬化患者治疗结束后12周肝硬度值均较基线显著降低[(6.7±0.7)kPa vs(7.4±1.1)kPa,(17.8±3.1)kPa vs(25.9±3.4)kPa,(23.0±4.5)kPa vs(31.0±4.9)kPa;P均<0.001]。3组患者治疗后ALT和AST均较基线显著降低(P均<0.05),尿素、Cr、WBC和PLT差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。代偿期肝硬化和失代偿期肝硬化患者治疗后ALB较基线显著升高,HGB较基线显著降低(P均<0.05)。84例患者总体不良事件发生率为13.1%(11/84),其中慢性丙型肝炎、代偿期肝硬化和失代偿期肝硬化患者不良事件发生率分别为8.9%(5/56)、11.8%(2/17)和36.4%(4/11),差异无统计学意义(P=0.055),常见的不良事件包括疲劳、头痛和贫血等,无严重不良事件发生,无因不良事件导致的治疗中止。结论应用SOF/VEL联合或不联合RBV方案治疗基因3型慢性HCV感染者具有较高的SVR12,不良事件发生率较低,疗效显著,安全性良好。     

不同冻干保护剂对利巴韦林冻干粉针的影响研究

目的研究Emprove低内毒素蔗糖、无水乳糖、Emprove低内毒素葡萄糖、Emprove低内毒素甘露醇、Emprove低内毒素山梨醇、Emprove低内毒素氯化钾、Emprove低内毒素甘氨酸7种不同类型常用冻干保护剂对利巴韦林冻干粉针性能的影响。方法以外观和复溶效果为指标,考察了预冻时间、冻干保护剂用量、冻干时间的影响。测定了空白粉针剂和利巴韦林粉针剂冻干后含水量、p H值和利巴韦林质量分数。结果以无水乳糖为冻干保护剂,预冻时间6 h,冻干时间9 h,保护剂用量4%;以Emprove低内毒素氯化钾为冻干保护剂,预冻时间9 h,冻干时间9 h,保护剂用量4%;以Emprove低内毒素甘露醇为冻干保护剂,预冻时间6 h,冻干时间6 h,保护剂用量4%;以Emprove低内毒素甘氨酸为冻干保护剂,预冻时间12 h,冻干时间9 h,保护剂用量4%。所得冻干粉针外观饱满、平整,迅速、完全复溶。结论无水乳糖、Emprove低内毒素氯化钾、Emprove低内毒素甘露醇、Emprove低内毒素甘氨酸4种冻干保护剂更适合制备利巴韦林冻干粉针,可为水溶性药物冻干粉针剂的制备提供了参考。     

The Oxidation Behavior of ZrB2-SiC Ceramic Composites Fabricated by Plasma Spray Process

Our goal is to develop a structural ceramic for high-temperature applications in which silicon carbide-based materials (SiCs) are used as matrix composites. The potential of SiCs to deposit a mixture of SiC and zirconium diboride (ZrB₂) plasma spray coating is analyzed. To deposit thermal barrier layers containing up to 50 vol.% SiC, a high-pressure plasma spray (HPPS) process was used. Although the SiC cannot be deposited by thermal spray, a mixture of SiC and zirconium diboride (ZrB₂) was deposited because these two compounds form a eutectic phase at a temperature below SiC decomposition. The preference was two different forms, 3 mm and 1 mm, of graphite substrates with different thickness values. A comparison of the morphology of SiC-ZrB₂ coatings before and after thermal treatment was performed by applying heat to the surface of a gas torch and traditional furnace between 800 °C and 1200 °C. The growth of the oxide scale was calculated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and density. The oxide scale consists of a SiO₂ layer with ZrO₂ groups. The findings indicate a greater potential for the studied material in protecting against high-temperature oxidation and in a wide variety of aerospace applications.     

Amorphous Silicon Oxynitride-Based Powders Produced by Spray Pyrolysis from Liquid Organosilicon Compounds

Silicon oxynitrides (SiO_xN_y) have many advantageous properties for modern ceramic applications that justify a development of their new and efficient preparation methods. In the paper, we show the possibility of preparing amorphous SiO_xN_y-based materials from selected liquid organosilicon compounds, methyltrimethoxysilane CH₃Si(OCH₃)₃ and methyltriethoxysilane CH₃Si(OC₂H₅)₃, by a convenient spray pyrolysis method. The precursor mist is transported with an inert gas or a mixture of reactive gases through a preheated tube reactor to undergo complex decomposition changes, and the resulting powders are collected in the exhaust filter. The powders are produced in the tube at temperatures of 1200, 1400, and 1600 °C under various gas atmosphere conditions. In the first option, argon Ar gas is used for mist transportation and ammonia NH₃ gas serves as a reactive medium, while in the second option nitrogen N₂ is exclusively applied. Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results confirm the highly amorphous nature of all products except those made at 1600 °C in nitrogen. SEM examination shows the spheroidal particle morphology of powders, which is typical for this method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy reveals the presence of Si–N and Si–O bonds in the powders prepared under Ar/NH₃, whereas those produced under N₂ additionally contain Si–C bonds. Raman spectroscopy measurements also support some turbostratic free carbon C in the products prepared under nitrogen. The directly determined O- and N-contents provide additional data linking the process conditions with specific powder composition, especially from the point of view of oxygen replacement in the Si–O moieties formed upon initial precursor decomposition reactions by nitrogen (from NH₃ or N₂) or carbon (from the carbonization of the organic groups).     

Blood cell, liver function, and response changes by PEG-interferon-α2b plus ribavirin with polaprezinc therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Purpose Zinc has been reported to ameliorate hematologic side effects and improve liver function. In addition to its various effects, zinc supplementation in chronic hepatitis C patients with genotype 1b of high viral load enhanced the response to interferon (IFN) monotherapy. This study was aimed at clarifying whether zinc could improve hematologic side effects, improve liver function, and enhance the response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV). Methods The 32 patients enrolled in the study were randomly divided into two groups: a PEG-IFN-α2b plus RBV with zinc group (PEG/RBV + zinc, n = 16) and a PEG-IFN-α2b plus RBV group (PEG/RBV, n = 16). HCV-RNA, serum zinc, ALT, white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were examined. Results Serum zinc levels were significantly higher in the PEG/RBV with zinc group than in the PEG/RBV without zinc group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed in the clearance of HCV-RNA between the two groups. The outcome of the treatment was similar; results of laboratory examinations including ALT before, during, and after therapy revealed no significant differences between the two groups at any point in all items except serum zinc levels. A sustained virological response rate was observed in 50.0% in the PEG/RBV with zinc group and 43.8% in the PEG/RBV without zinc group, with no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions The study demonstrated no evidence that zinc ameliorates hematologic side effects, improves liver function, and enhances the response to the therapy in chronic hepatitis C receiving PEG-IFN-α2b plus RBV.     

变异性鼻炎应用通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗的效果观察

目的探究变异性鼻炎应用通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗的效果。方法本次研究资料选取时间段为2019年8月至2020年8月,患者为我院诊治的96例变异性鼻炎患者。经随机数字表法予以分组,其中参照组(48例)行糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗,观察组(48例)行通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗。比较两组临床疗效及症状、体征情况与不良反应发生情况等。结果相较参照组,观察组治疗总有效率更高,不良反应发生率更低(P<0.05)。两组治疗后临床症状、体征评分均比治疗前低,且观察组比参照组低(P<0.05)。结论变异性鼻炎患者应用通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗效果确切,利于患者疗效提高、症状改善及不良反应发生率降低,可行推广。     

喜炎平雾化吸入联合利巴韦林治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎的效果观察

目的：探讨喜炎平雾化吸入联合利巴韦林治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎的临床疗效。方法选取我院48例患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组24例,对照组给予利巴韦林10mg/（kg·d）,静脉滴注,1次/d;观察组在对照组基础上给予喜炎平5mg/kg 加入生理盐水10mL 雾化吸入,2次/d。观察比较两组的临床疗效以及体温恢复正常时间、疱疹消失时间。结果观察组总有效率为91.67%,明显优于对照组的83.33%,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;治疗后观察组体温恢复正常时间、疱疹消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论喜炎平雾化吸入联合利巴韦林治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎临床效果显著,且不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient for Air-Atomized Water Spray Cooling and Its Application in Modeling of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing of Die Forgings

The paper presents the method and results of determination of heat transfer coefficient for air-atomized water spray cooling with consideration of infrastructural factors of industrial cooling conveyor, such as effect of accelerated air. The established values of heat transfer coefficient were implemented into a numerical model of cooling line, with special definition of sprayers and the movement of the part subjected to quenching. After quantitative validation on selected samples, the obtained coefficients were used for the solution of the technological problem by means of localized cooling rate enhancement, which forms a case study confirming reliability of the established water spray heat transfer functions and suitability of the determined models for design of thermomechanical controlled processing of complex-geometry parts.     

玉屏风颗粒联合利巴韦林对反复呼吸道感染患儿炎性因子水平及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨玉屏风颗粒联合利巴韦林治疗反复呼吸道感染的疗效及对对患者免疫功能和炎症反应的影响.方法选取86例反复呼吸道感染患儿,按随机数字表法分为2组,各43例.对照组予以利巴韦林治疗,观察组加用玉屏风颗粒治疗.比较2组炎性因子水平、免疫功能和不良反应发生情况.结果观察组治疗后IL-5、CysLTs、TNF-α低于对照组,...