喷雾型皮肤手消毒液瓶在临床治疗车消毒中的应用

临床科室护士进行治疗时需推治疗车进出病房,治疗完成后必须对治疗车进行消毒。传统的消毒方法是用挂在治疗车上的小红桶盛装2200ml配制好的消毒剂(500mg/L有效氯),将小方巾浸泡于消毒剂中,取出方巾擦拭治疗车各部位,作用     

Ocular surface frostbite secondary to ethyl chloride spray

Context: Ethyl chloride (EC) is a fast-acting vapo-coolant spray that provides rapid, transient, local analgesia for minor invasive procedures. Although the application of EC has decreased, it can be used as a cryoanalgesic agent in minor surgical procedures. Objective: Despite the widespread use of EC as a local anesthetic, there are few reported cases of serious adverse side effects. Material and methods: We report a 67-year old otherwise healthy man who underwent excision of a papilloma on his superior right eyelid by a general practitioner at a primary care center. The lesion was removed by curettage after slight freezing with EC spray. This chemical agent was applied without the adequate eye protection, and eight hours later the patient presented an acute frost injury of ocular surface. Results: Urgent treatment included copious irrigation of the affected eye, especially the conjunctival fornices, corticosteroid (prednisone) and antibiotic (neomycin) ointment. A week later, the eyelid lesion and keratoconjunctivitis had resolved but evidence of early cicatrization involving the inferior conjucntival fornix and symblepharon formation were present. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an acute burn of the ocular surface following EC spray exposure. Conclusion: EC should be avoided for short-term local anesthesia in the periocular region to prevent this serious complication.     

药物联合治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的比较研究

目的探讨药物联合治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床疗效。方法2010年8月-2011年3月笔者所在医院收治68例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者，所有患者随机分为两组，治疗组采用克拉霉素联合内舒拿喷剂进行治疗，对照组采用长期低剂量克拉霉素进行治疗，并对两组患者治疗效果进行比较。结果治疗组患者治疗效果明显优于对照组，差异明显有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论克拉霉素联合内舒拿喷剂治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疾病效果理想，两种药物联合应用即可起到局部治疗和抗炎的效果，又可发挥两种药物的各自优势。     

蓝芩口服液联合干扰素雾化吸入治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎

目的:观察蓝芩口服液联合干扰素雾化吸入治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:疱疹性咽峡炎患儿随机分为两组,在支持治疗的基础上,对照组(57例)予利巴韦林静滴,观察组(58例)口服蓝芩口服液联合干扰素雾化吸入。观察比较两组临床症状消失时间及治疗总有效率和药品不良反应。结果:观察组症状消失时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05),治疗总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组药品不良反应均少而轻微。讨论:蓝芩口服液联合干扰素雾化吸入治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎疗效肯定,临床症状消失快,使用方便,且安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

连花清瘟颗粒联合利巴韦林和康复新液治疗疱疹性口腔炎的疗效观察

目的：观察连花清瘟颗粒联合利巴韦林和康复新液治疗疱疹性口腔炎的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1~10月份在医院儿科门诊进行诊治的疱疹性口腔炎的患儿80例,完全随机平分为治疗组和对照组各40例,2组除给予维生素 C 和维生素 B2等支持、对症治疗以外,均给予利巴韦林注射液静脉滴注10~15mg·kg _1·d _1,分2次给药和口服康复新液,＜3岁患儿每次5ml,＞3岁患儿每次10ml,均3次∕ d,治疗组患儿在此治疗基础上加用连花清瘟颗粒口服（石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司,6g∕袋）,≤3岁3g∕次,3次∕ d;＞3岁 6g∕次,3次∕ d,均治疗5d。结果治疗组总有效率为97,5％明显高于对照组的87,5％（p ＜0,01）,治疗组热退时间,口腔炎疱疹溃疡愈合时间为（1,4±0,7）d、（2,9±0,6）d 比较对照组的（3,2±1,2）d、（3,7 ± 0,9）d 明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（p ＜0,01）。结论连花清瘟颗粒联合利巴韦林和康复新液治疗疱疹性口腔炎,能迅速缓解临床症状,疗效确切,值得临床推广和应用。     

纳洛酮分别联合更昔洛韦与病毒唑对病毒性脑炎患儿血清 IL－1、TNF－α水平的影响比较

目的：观察纳洛酮分别联合更昔洛韦与病毒唑治疗小儿病毒性脑炎的疗效及对血清白细胞介素－1（IL－1）、肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）水平的影响。方法将病毒性脑炎患儿120例随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,给予所有患儿常规治疗和护理,试验组给予纳洛酮联合更昔洛韦治疗,对照组给予纳洛酮联合病毒唑治疗,治疗1周后评价2组患儿治疗效果,并于治疗前后抽取2组患儿静脉血,检测并评价血清IL－1、TNF－α水平变化。结果试验组患儿治疗总有效率为93．33％高于对照组的76．67％;治疗后2组患儿血清IL－1、TNF－α水平均呈下降趋势,但试验组降幅大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论纳洛酮联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿病毒性脑炎的治疗效果优于纳洛酮联合病毒唑治疗,且对血清IL－1、TNF－α水平下降幅度的影响更为显著。     

基因1b型丙型肝炎病毒NS5A区变异及其与聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林治疗应答的相关性

目的探讨基因1b型慢性丙型肝炎患者NS5A区基因变异与聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a（PEG—IFNα-2a）联合利巴韦林（RBV）抗病毒治疗疗效的关系。方法回顾性选择15例应用PEG—IFNα-2a／RBV抗病毒治疗的基因1b型慢性丙型肝炎患者,其中7例为快速应答（RVR）,8例为无应答（NR）,应用RT—PCR法扩增NS5A全长片段,用克隆测序方法进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列测定。结果没有发现与治疗应答相关的单个氨基酸或基序变异,RVR组和NR组在NS5A、ISDR、PKRBD和IRRDR区的氨基酸突变数目差别均无统计学意义,RVR组在V3区（aa2356～2379）的氨基酸突变数目高于NR组（分别为5．3±0.5和3．4±0．6,P=0．03）。结论V3区的氨基酸突变数目与PEG—IFNα-2a联合RBV抗病毒疗效可能相关。     

Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation during Peginterferon Alpha-2a or Alpha-2b plus Ribavirin Treatment

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was occassionally observed during the treatment with combination peginterferon alpha plus ribavirin. Two forms of peginterferon are currently available as a standard of care with or without direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Until the appearance of interferon-sparing regimen, peginterferon alpha plus ribavirin will play a central role in the eradication of HCV. In the present study, we compared ALT elevations in response to peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin or peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin in HCV genotype-1-infected patients. There were no significant differences in ALT elevations between treatments with the two peginterferons, but in a comparison of the proportions of patients with transient ALT elevation from baseline between the two groups, transient ALT elevation was observed more in sustained virological response (SVR) patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a than with peginterferon alpha-2b. However, no patients discontinued treatment due to ALT elevation. Patients with transient ALT elevation from baseline during the treatment had less favorable IL28B rs8099917 genotype in the peginterferon alpha-2b group. Patients achieving SVR tended to have lower ALT levels, although some had persistent ALT elevation during treatment. In conclusion, clinicians should pay attention to possible ALT elevation during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients.     

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: A pediatric case responding to plasmapheresis treatment

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a life-threatening tick-borne viral infection. The most important step in the treatment of CCHF is supportive therapy. Ribavirin is the recommended antiviral agent for infected patients. We present a case of a child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit due to CCHF and was treated with plasmapheresis and ribavirin. A previously healthy seven-month-old male infant presented to the emergency room with a fever of 39.5 °C, nosebleed, cough, vomiting, and weakness. We decided to apply plasmapheresis treatment due to multiple organ failure associated with thrombocytopenia, acute liver failure, and a family history of death from the disease. Plasmapheresis was performed in three sessions. By the sixth day of his admission to the intensive care unit, the patient’s clinical condition had improved and his laboratory values had returned to normal, so he was transferred to the infectious diseases service in stable condition.