大黄在小儿重症肺炎治疗中肠道保护的作用

目的：探讨大黄在小儿重症肺炎治疗中的肠道保护作用。方法：选择小儿重症肺炎60例，随机分成治疗组和对照组，均采用综合治疗，对照组按西药常规治疗，治疗纽内服大黄。结果-治疗组有效率为77％（23／30），对照组有效率为50％（15／30），有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。多器官功能障碍（MODS）的发生率治疗组（8／30）占27％；对照组（16／30）占57％，有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。治疗组存活26例，生存率86．7％，对照组存活20例，生存率66．7％（P〉0．05）。结论：大黄对肠道屏障保护在治疗小儿重症肺炎是行之有效的，可以防止病情向MODS演变及降低病死率。     

生大黄对大鼠离体肠管电活动和收缩活动的影响

本实验观察了生大黄对46只大鼠离体肠管电活动和收缩活动的影响,从电生理角度对其泻下和收剑机制作了初步探讨,结果表明:大黄对整个结肠电活动有明显兴奋作用,兴奋的特点为群集性放电,峰电频率明显增快(51.4±12.31C/min),幅度明显增高(2.8±0.49mv,p<0.01)。小剂量大黄可使肠电抑制,大剂量使则肠电兴奋。大黄也可使十二指肠峰电频率增快(由12.3±4.64C/min,增加到22.5±9.68C/min.)。阿托品可阻断大黄对肠管的兴奋效应,提示大黄是通过作用于肠管中M受体而实现其泻下作用的。     

大黄蛰虫丸辅助治疗口周皮炎的临床观察

目的探讨大黄蛰虫丸辅助治疗口周皮炎的临床效果。方法 100例口周皮炎患者作为研究对象被随机分为实验组和对照组,两组均给予甲硝唑治疗,对照组加用克拉霉素,实验组即用克拉霉素联合大黄蛰虫丸。结果实验组总有效率和一年复发率显著优于对照组（χ2=5.659,P〈0.05;χ2=4.018,P〈0.05）,副反应率两组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论大黄蛰虫丸联合克拉霉素治疗口周皮炎,能显著提高临床效果,改善患者生活质量,值得临床进一步研究。     

Oxalate content of New Zealand grown and imported fruits

Total and soluble oxalate contents of 21 locally grown and 9 imported fruits commonly consumed in New Zealand were determined by extracting total oxalates with 2 M HCL for 20 min and soluble oxalates with nanopure water for 20 min at room temperature (21 °C). The extracted oxalates were analysed by ion exchange HPLC. Total oxalate content of locally grown fruit ranged from 2.0 to 640.2 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) while the soluble oxalate ranged from not detected to 431.3 mg/100 g FW. The total oxalate content of a selection of imported fruits ranged from 2.9 to 7566.5 mg/100 g FW and the soluble oxalate content ranged from 1.2 to 3855.4 mg/100 g FW. Very high levels of total oxalates were measured in 2 imported fruits, Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) and carambola (Averrhoa carambola L., star fruit), and in New Zealand-grown rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.), at 7566.5, 436.1 and 640.2 mg/100 g FW, respectively, and their soluble oxalates were also the highest measured of all the fruits.     

Analysis of rhubarb anthraquinones and bianthrones by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography

In this work a method of microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) has been developed for the analysis of nine anthraquinones and bianthrones in rhubarb. This study employed di-n-butyl tartrate as oil substance to make up the microemulsion. The composition of the microemulsion was 0.5% (w/w) di-n-butyl tartrate, 0.6% (w/w) SDS, 1.2% (w/w) 1-butanol and 97.7% (w/w) 10 mM sodium borate buffer, pH of the buffer being 9.2. Acetonitrile was added to the emulsion to improve the separation. The volume ratio between the emulsion solution and acetonitrile of an optimized separation was 70:30. With the optimized conditions all of the nine analytes were baseline-separated in peaks of good shapes within 20 min. After validation the method was used to analyze the components in a rhubarb sample. A solid-phase extraction procedure was employed. Five anthraquinones and two bianthrones had been detected in the sample and their amounts were determined. The method should be able to be used for the quantitative analysis of the main active components of rhubarb crude drugs.     

和法在糖尿病中的运用

糖尿病寒热错杂、虚实兼夹,可分为湿热蕴脾证、肝郁气滞证、肝胃郁热证、胃热阴虚证、肠道湿热证、血脉瘀滞证等证型,治疗当运用和法辛开苦降、疏肝理气、清泻热结、滋阴清热、清热利湿、活血化瘀,选用半夏泻心汤、四逆散、大黄黄连泻心汤、大柴胡汤、白虎加入参汤、葛根芩连汤、桃核承气汤以调整气机、平调寒热、补虚泻实,并在药物治疗的基础...     

大黄苏打片佐治危重症并胃肠功能衰竭患儿临床观察

目的:观察大黄苏打片对危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿的治疗效果。方法:38例危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿在常规治疗基础上口服大黄苏打片。入院当日及治疗72 h后检测TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、乳酸,观察患儿症状的变化,与30例对照组惠儿比较。结果:治疗后两组患儿情况明显改善。治疗组改善显著(P<0.05)。治疗组血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP及乳酸下降大于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:大黄苏打片可以保护胃粘膜,减少炎症损伤,配合常规治疗可以提高危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿抢救成功率。     

大黄有毒物质基础的研究

目的：进行大黄体内有毒物质基础的研究。方法：以病理切片和血清生化为指标,对大黄总提取物组、大黄游离葸醌组、大黄结合蒽醌组、大黄总蒽醌组、大黄鞣质组和大黄多糖组进行小鼠体内毒性实验。结果：大黄各蒽醌组尤其是游离蒽醌组对小鼠主要毒性靶器官为肾脏,而鞣质部位则有潜在的肝毒性。结论：大黄中鞣质及蒽醌类成分有潜在肝肾毒性。     

The diarrhoeogenic and antidiarrhoeal bidirectional effects of rhubarb and its potential mechanism

Aim of the study

The present study investigated the pharmacological effects of different extracts of rhubarb on intestinal function of mice, further to explore possible reasons for the adverse effects of long-term use of rhubarb as a purgative.

Materials and methods

The total extract of rhubarb (TR) was extracted with 60% ethanol and the total anthraquinones extract (TA), total tannins extract (TT) and remaining components extract (RC) of rhubarb were separated from TR using macroporous resin. The pharmacological effects of each extract on the intestinal function of mice were evaluated by defecation test and the antidiarrhoeal activity of rhubarb tannins as well as its mechanism was studied by different animal models and histopathological examination.

Results

Both TR and TA produced purgative activities, but the purgative activity of TA was stronger than that of TR. Successive administration of TT produced an antidiarrhoeal activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Besides, successive administration of RC showed no significant effect on the intestinal function of mice. The antidiarrhoeal activity of rhubarb tannins was confirmed directly for the first time and its mechanism was probable that rhubarb tannins generated protein-precipitating reaction to the gastrointestinal mucosa due to its protein-precipitating action.

Conclusions

The results confirmed that rhubarb had the diarrhoeogenic and antidiarrhoeal bidirectional effects due to the coexistence of anthraquinones and tannins. The bidirectional effects might be the reason or one of the reasons for the adverse effects of long-term use of rhubarb as a purgative.     

生白芨、生大黄结合西咪替丁治疗上消化道出血136例疗效观察

目的 探讨在西咪替丁注射液治疗的基础上加用中药生大黄、生白芨治疗消化性溃疡、应激性溃疡、急性糜烂性胃炎、肝硬化门脉高压引起的食道．胃底静脉丛破裂和胃癌引起的消化道出血的疗效。方法 136例上消化道大出血患者随机分为两组，治疗组（69例）：在西咪替丁治疗的基础上加用中药生大黄、生白芨。对照组（67例）单用西眯替丁。观察两组治疗后的止血效果。结果 治疗组在应激性溃疡、急性糜烂性胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌的止血效果优于对照组（P〈0．05），而肝硬化门脉高压引起的上消化道大出血的止血效果两组无差异（P〉0．05）。结论中西医结合治疗对应激性溃疡、急性糜烂性胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌引起的上消化道大出血具有较好的止血作用，而且副作用小，安全性好。