舰艇部队军事训练伤分布特点与干预效果研究

目的：查明海军舰艇部队特殊军事训练伤的发生率和分布特征，以及施加干预措施后军事训练伤发生率的变化。方法：以整群抽样方式选取海军某舰艇部队官兵1648人，对全年军事训练伤进行前瞻性流行病学调查；以每个参试支队各抽2艘舰艇为干预试验单位，设同期对照组和历史对照组。结果：全年军事训练伤累积发生率为14．62％，时间分布以7月份为高峰；46．53％的伤者为机电部门人员；损伤部位以下肢为主，占32．64％；受伤类型以急性创伤性损伤为主；干预试验的军事训练伤发生率为8．96％，低于同期对照组(12．21％，P＜0、05)和历史对照组(14．62％，P＜0．01)。结论：舰艇部队军事训练伤发生情况与其它军兵种有较大的区别。施加干预措施可显著降低舰艇部队的军事训练伤。     

介入护士心理韧性现状调查及影响因素分析

目的探讨介入护士心理韧性现状调查及影响因素分析。方法选择2017年9月—2018年11月的全国介入科护士115名作为对象,采用Connor-Dabidson韧性量表对介入科护士能力韧性现状进行调查,根据调查结果分为韧性良好组与韧性差组。查阅两组护士资料,记录并统计其学历、性别、工龄及年龄,并对上述因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic分析。结果115名介入护士均完成心理韧性调查,韧性良好组共有护士72名,占62.61%,得分为(89.58±6.39)分,高于韧性差组,得分(71.34±4.58)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素结果表明:介入护士心理韧性与学历、性别、工龄及年龄差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果表明:学历、性别、工龄、年龄是介入护士心理韧性的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论介入护士心理韧性较低,影响因素较多,应根据影响因素制定有效的干预措施,提高介入护士心理韧性。     

西藏林芝地区肾综合征出血热自然疫源地血清流行病学调查

目的：查明西藏林芝地区是否存在肾综合征出血热（HFRS）自然疫源地。方法：选择有疫情报告地区,进行人间疫情调查;健康人群特异性抗体检测;在山地针,阔叶混合林及山间平原的农田和居民区,用夹夜法调查小兽数量;采集捕获动物肺,血和牛,羊血清标本,检测汉坦病毒感染情况,血标本用金标免疫斑点渗滤试验和间接免疫荧光法检测抗体;动物肺的冷冻切片用免疫荧光法检测汉坦病毒抗原。结果：在西藏自然区防疫站疫情资料中,有该病记载的1976年工布江达县1例,1980年林芝县9例,检测林芝地区医院住院者18人,西藏高考学生357人和其他体检人员117人血标本,仅从2名林芝县,2名工布江达县,1名察隅县的高考学生和1名住院产妇中检出抗汉坦病毒总体抗和IgG荧光抗体,被检人群隐性感染率为1．22％,检测中华姬鼠等脊椎动物肺115只,汉坦病毒抗原阳性的中华鼠1只,带病毒率0．87％,动物血抗汉坦病毒总体和IgG荧光抗体皆阳性的有中华姬鼠5只,高山田鼠1只,抗体阳性为5．22％,检测扣,羊310只血清,其中黄牛抗汉坦坦病毒总抗体阳性率0．85％（1／118）,绵羊总抗体和IgG抗体阳性率1．68％（3／179）,结论：西藏林芝地区有HFRS散发病例,健康人群,中华姬鼠,高山田鼠,黄牛和绵羊中有汉坦病毒感染,证实了林芝县山地针,阔叶混合林及山间平原地带和工布江达县境域内存在着HFRS自然疫源地。     

湖南某民航空勤人员营养状况调查研究

目的了解湖南某民航空勤人员的营养摄入状况、膳食结构,为引导其合理膳食、建立科学的食物消费观提供依据。方法对湖南某民航的全部空勤人员（369人）进行食物频率调查;膳食调查采用多阶段整群抽样抽取95人,以24 h回顾法连续3 d进行膳食营养素摄入情况的调查。结果膳食调查结果显示,民航空勤人员膳食结构为谷类22.26%、蔬菜水果类40.43%,摄入比例偏低;鱼禽肉蛋类20.24%、油脂类4.90%,摄入比例偏高。膳食纤维摄入量过低,只达到推荐摄入量的50.10%。钙、维生素B2摄入量不足,分别占推荐摄入量的79.29%和75.71%。结论湖南某民航空勤人员营养状况总体良好,食物结构基本合理,营养素摄入存在蛋白质、脂肪摄入过高,碳水化合物、钙、维生素B2和膳食纤维摄入偏低的问题。因此,需对湖南某民航空勤人员加强营养教育,树立正确营养观念,平衡膳食,合理营养。     

Attitudes Toward the Global Allocation of Chinese COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-sectional Online Survey of Adults Living in China

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are in short supply worldwide. China was among the first countries to pledge supplies of the COVID-19 vaccine as a global public product, and to date, the country has provided more than 600 million vaccines to more than 200 countries and regions with low COVID-19 vaccination rates. Understanding the public’s attitude in China toward the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines could inform global and national decisions, policies, and debates.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of adults living in China regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China and how these attitudes vary across provinces and by sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey among adults registered with the survey company KuRunData. The survey asked participants 31 questions about their attitudes regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China. We disaggregated responses by province and sociodemographic characteristics. All analyses used survey sampling weights.ResultsA total of 10,000 participants completed the questionnaire. Participants generally favored providing COVID-19 vaccines to foreign countries before fulfilling domestic needs (75.6%, 95% CI 74.6%-76.5%). Women (3778/4921, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.32; P=.002) and those living in rural areas (3123/4065, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27; P=.03) were especially likely to hold this opinion. Most respondents preferred providing financial support through international platforms rather than directly offering support to individual countries (72.1%, 95% CI 71%-73.1%), while for vaccine products they preferred direct provision to relevant countries instead of via a delivery platform such as COVAX (77.3%, 95% CI 76.3%-78.2%).ConclusionsAmong our survey sample, we found that adults are generally supportive of the international distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, which may encourage policy makers to support and implement the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China worldwide. Conducting similar surveys in other countries could help align policy makers’ actions on COVID-19 vaccine distribution with the preferences of their constituencies.     

Insights on Skin Quality and Clinical Practice Trends in Asia Pacific and a Practical Guide to Good Skin Quality from the Inside Out

ObjectiveWe sought to examine the current skin quality trends and gaps in clinical practice in the Asia Pacific region and develop a practical guide to improve skin quality.MethodsMedical practitioners from 11 countries in the Asia Pacific region completed an online survey on current trends in skin quality treatment. A panel of 12 leading experts convened for a virtual meeting to develop a practical guide for skin quality improvement.ResultsA total of 153 practitioners completed the survey. The four most common skin quality issues were uneven skin tone, skin surface unevenness, skin laxity, and sebaceous gland hyperactivity and enlarged pores. Most practitioners reported using a combination of treatment modalities for each skin quality issue. It was also observed that each treatment modality could be used to treat several skin quality issues. A multimodal approach targeting different interrelated issues across the tissue planes was recommended for balanced results. The panel developed a practical guide for the appropriate combinations and sequence of treatments, and created treatment protocols for specific skin quality outcome goals. The guide employed an “inside-out” approach, treating the deeper tissue planes prior to the superficial layers to achieve harmonious results.LimitationsFuture studies are needed to support the recommended treatment protocols for skin quality improvement.ConclusionThese findings provide valuable insights on current skin quality trends and gaps in clinical practice. The practical guide provides a framework for practitioners to customize their treatment plan according to each patient’s needs.     

西安市2004年度4～6年级小学生动态眼屈光状况的横断面流行病学调查

目的:对在校小学生眼健康状况中的动态屈光基本情况进行横断面调查,为青少年眼保健提供基础资料.方法:采用前瞻性调查设计,对4～6年级小学生953人1906眼动态屈光状态等指标进行采集,输入编辑的专项应用程序,用SPSS11.0软件行统计分析.结果:4～6年级小学生在正常动态情况下,近视眼的发病率为74.5%,其中57.9%的低度近视,15.0%的中度近视,1.6%的高度近视;正视眼仅占22.2%,尚有3.4%的远视眼;3个年级组各屈光构成比相比,正视和低度近视组仍为主要构成,但较初小的低度近视比重上升,导致在其他构成基本稳定的同时,近视检出率升高.4～6年级小平均屈光度(-1.67±1.67)D,其中3个年级平均屈光度为:小4(-1.46±1.57)D,小5(-1.74±1.73)D,小6(-1.82±1.68)D,组间有显著性差异.女生平均屈光度(-1.74±1.64)D,大于男生(-1.61±1.69)D,提示4～6年级阶段女生的近视进展趋势仍早于男生.右眼平均屈光度(-1.73±1.63)D大于左眼(-1.611.69)D.结论:4～6年级各年级小学生总体屈光状态呈近视化上升趋势,右眼、女生在4～6年级屈光近视化进展期早于左眼、男生.     

广州市正常人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎抗体水平调查

广州市1967～1968年曾出现过一次流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行[1].1985年始我市实施了A群流脑多糖体菌苗接种,流脑发病率明显下降.为了掌握广州市人群流脑抗体水平情况,我们于1998～1999年对494名正常人群血清进行流脑A群杀菌抗体水平检测,结果报告如下.     

HIV/AIDS家庭社会心理状况调查

目的了解我国艾滋病高发区人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人家庭的社会心理状况及社会支持情况,为评估救助效果提供参考。方法在某艾滋病高发区,随机采访了155户有HIV/AIDS家庭并进行问卷调查,包括HIV/AIDS 256人。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、感染/发病状况、社会心理及社会支持现状。结果HIV/AIDS以有偿献血为主（96.5%）,其中55.9%的人认为自己半年来心情不好,83.2%的人回答患病对夫妻感情无影响,有60%以上的人感觉患病前后家人和周围的人对待自己和以前一样。政府和社会在近几年的救助力度在逐年加大。结论政府的相关政策和社会的救助措施在减少艾滋病对农村高发地区家庭的社会心理影响方面已经起到了积极作用。     

贵阳市老城区产后抑郁症的现况调查和影响因素分析

目的筛查贵阳市老城区妇女产后抑郁症的阳性率及相关影响因素。方法采用按比例分配分层随机抽样的现况调查方法,抽取产后42 d的产妇875例作为研究对象,采用自行设计的社会人口学调查表及爱丁堡产后抑郁调查量表进行问卷调查,采用卡方或秩和检验及Logistic回归分析产后抑郁症的相关因素。结果筛出产后抑郁的阳性率为12.8%(112/875),95%CI(10.6%,15.0%);影响因素有9个,分别是夫妻月收入、产后睡眠情况、丈夫的关心、妊娠压力较大、居住环境、孕前吸烟、婴儿健康情况、产妇自觉性格内向、不稳定。结论贵阳市产后抑郁症阳性率与其它省市基本一致,影响产后抑郁发生的因素较多,应有针对性地制定相应的干预措施,促进产妇的身心健康。