小学生早餐行为及影响因素分析

目的：了解小学生饮食行为及影响因素,为学生健康教育提供参考.方法：整群抽样4所小学生3～5年级2 257名小学生进行问卷调查.结果学生每天吃早餐、经常吃早餐和不吃早餐的比例依次为9.1%,82.5%和6.3%.且早餐质量较差,主要以淀粉类食物为主,膳食结构不甚合理.55.7%的小学生上午有饥饿感.结论：小学生是不良饮食行为预防的重点人群,应在家长和学生中开展营养知识教育,矫正不良饮食行为和卫生习惯.     

复发性多软骨炎56例临床分析

目的研究复发性多软骨炎的临床特点,提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析56例复发性多软骨炎患者的临床及辅助检查资料。结果男女比例1.2:1,发病年龄(46±11)岁。确诊时间(21±35)个月,以耳软骨起病者(8±6)个月,呼吸道起病者(16±31)个月,关节起病者(29±37)个月。受累部位依次为呼吸道40例(71.4%)、耳软骨32例(57.1%)、关节软骨32例(57.1%)、眼部27例(48.2%)、鼻软骨25例(44.6%)、内耳13例(23.2%)。病程初期被误诊为呼吸道感染17例(30.4%)、软骨膜炎9例(16.1%)、肺结核感染6例(10.7%)、类风湿关节炎5例(8.9%)。呼吸道受累的患者中7例接受气管内支架治疗。4例从治疗开始症状一直未缓解者均为呼吸道受累者。结论非耳、鼻部位起病的复发性多软骨炎易被误诊,呼吸道受累比例高且预后差。     

我国部分地区非法成瘾物质使用第三次流行病学调查 第二部分:非法成瘾物质使用种类及方法

目的 :作为第三次全国非法成瘾物质使用流行病学调查报告的第二部分 ,本文报告我国 2 0 0 0年 6个吸毒高发区非法成瘾物质使用种类和方法。方法 :整群抽样 ,采用自行设计的调查表 ,以挨户、线索和机构调查相结合的方式调查了 5 374 7例 15a及 15a以上社区人群 (男 2 812 6 ,占 5 2 3% ,女 2 5 6 2 1,占 4 7 7% )的非法成瘾物质使用情况。结果 :使用者最近一个月非法使用的成瘾物质中 ,97 18%为海洛因 ,2 4 5 %为阿片 ,其它种类罕见 ;采用烫吸和静脉注射者所占比例分别为 6 8 4 2 %和2 2 98% ;75 99%的使用者使用频度在 7- 2 7次 周之间。结论 :目前我国非法使用的成瘾物质仍以阿片类为主 ,其中海洛因占首位 ,阿片次之 ;使用途径仍以烫吸为主 ,静脉注射其次。对其它非法成瘾物质使用流行病学调查仍有待深入     

94例消化性溃疡患者舌象分析

目的观察消化性溃疡患者舌象特征.方法选择94例符合临床诊断及中医辨证分型标准的消化性溃疡患者,同步记录其舌质与舌苔变化.结果消化性溃疡患者各证型的舌象特征分布较广,且多数证型的主要舌象与证型的内在病理本质相吻合.结论舌象反映消化性溃疡各证型的内在病机变化,是临床诊治过程中确定分型证候的客观依据.     

内外科住院患者1251例应用抗生素情况调查

目的了解抗生素应用现状,为规范抗生素合理使用提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查的方法,对内科和外科系统出院病历的抗生素使用情况进行调查。结果共调查病历1 251份,抗生素使用率为79.62%,联合用药率为51.61%,以二联为主占44.58%,预防用药率56.02%,手术患者抗生素使用率100%,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类切口术后用药>3 d占86.70%,抗生素使用前三位为左氧氟沙星、青霉素、甲硝唑,临床标本送检率为21.00%。结论内外科住院患者抗生素使用存在不合理之处,加强抗生素合理使用的管理十分必要。     

L-Serine Treatment is Associated with Improvements in Behavior,EEG, and Seizure Frequency in Individuals with GRIN-Related Disorders Due to Null Variants

Pathogenic missense variants in GRIN2A and GRIN2B may result in gain or loss of function (GoF/LoF) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). This observation gave rise to the hypothesis of successfully treating GRIN-related disorders due to LoF variants with co-agonists of the NMDAR. In this respect, we describe a retrospectively collected series of ten individuals with GRIN2A- or GRIN2B-related disorders who were treated with L-serine, each within an independent n-of-1 trial. Our cohort comprises one individual with a LoF missense variant with clinical improvements confirming the above hypothesis and replicating a previous n-of-1 trial. A second individual with a GoF missense variant was erroneously treated with L-serine and experienced immediate temporary behavioral deterioration further supporting the supposed functional pathomechanism. Eight additional individuals with null variants (that had been interpreted as loss-of-function variants despite not being missense) again showed clinical improvements. Among all nine individuals with LoF missense or null variants, L-serine treatment was associated with improvements in behavior in eight (89%), in development in four (44%), and/or in EEG or seizure frequency in four (44%). None of these nine individuals experienced side effects or adverse findings in the context of L-serine treatment. In summary, we describe the first evidence that L-serine treatment may not only be associated with clinical improvements in GRIN-related disorders due to LoF missense but particularly also null variants.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-021-01173-9.     

疑诊中枢神经系统感染103例临床分析

目的探讨中枢神经系统(CNS)感染的诊断及鉴别诊断思路。方法回顾性分析以发热、头痛、神经系统功能缺损为首发症状,初诊疑诊CNS感染的住院患者103例,分析误诊原因。结果(1)确诊CNS感染92例,非CNS感染误诊CNS感染为8例,诊断不明3例。(2)CNS感染各病种之间的误诊以病毒性脑炎、结核性脑膜炎、脑肿瘤多见。结论对CNS感染临床诊治思路应遵循多发病多考虑,少发病少考虑的原则;尽早选择CSF检查,有助于早期诊断。     

江苏省麻风治愈存活者慢性病患病现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解江苏省麻风治愈存活者慢性病患病现状,分析影响因素。方法:采用普查的方法,调查麻风院村内以及社会上的麻风治愈存活者(以下分别简称为住村组和居家组),了解他们的慢性病患病情况及影响因素。结果:共有12724例麻风治愈存活者完成了该项调查,包括803例麻风院村内休养员和11921例院外治愈存活者,其中男8969例,女3755例。高血压、高血脂、冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病、肿瘤、精神病患病率分别为28.7%、2.9%、5.2%、2.8%、5.3%、2.0%、0.4%。住村组、女性、非农业户口、高年龄为麻风治愈存活者的慢性病患病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:麻风治愈存活者不仅有生理畸残和心理障碍,还面临着慢性病如高血压、糖尿病等困扰。     

颅内海绵状血管瘤不同手术方式的回顾性分析

目的 探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的病灶特点与手术方式选择的关系.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月～2007年1月间手术治疗的52例颅内海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料、影像资料,按手术方式分成常规手术组、定向组、导航组,分析病灶部位、大小、病灶至皮层距离与手术方式选择的关系.结果 52例中,常规手术手术21例,开放定向手术16例,神经导航手术15例.全切48例,预后不良2例,死亡1例.病灶大小均值从常规手术组的31.7±8.7mm,到导航组的24.0±2.6 mm和定向组的16.3±3.7mm而递减,三组病灶大小均值差异比较有统计学意义(P＜0.01),定向组病灶最小.病灶至脑皮层距离从常规手术组的15.2±4.1mm,到定向组的20.7±3.8mm和导航组的32.8±6.2 mm而递增,三组距离均值差异比较有统计学意义(P＜0.01),导航组病灶至皮层距离最大.结论 采用开放定向或者神经导航手术,可以切除脑部更小、更深在的海绵状血管瘤.     

Evaluating and understanding combination therapy decision drivers for the treatment of overactive bladder in the United States

ObjectiveTo understand factors guiding overactive bladder (OAB) therapy selection and experience with combination therapy (antimuscarinics and beta-3 agonists).MethodsCross-sectional surveys of OAB patients and OAB-treating physicians in the USA were conducted. Patients receiving monotherapy with antimuscarinics were categorized by OAB treatment history: monotherapy only; third-line procedures (e.g., onabotulinumtoxinA injections) and combination therapy; third-line therapy only; and combination therapy only. The patient survey assessed therapy choice drivers and barriers, treatment satisfaction and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. The physician survey assessed drivers of and barriers to OAB treatment choices.ResultsOf 200 patients, 86.5% reported involvement in treatment decision-making; doctor’s recommendation was the most frequently considered factor (84.4%). Most patients (71%) were unaware of combination therapy. The primary reason why those patients aware of combination therapy had not used it (N = 43/200; 21%) was physician recommendation of other treatments (69.8%). For physicians (N = 50), the most frequently considered factors when prescribing OAB treatment were effectiveness (92.0%) and side effects (84.0%); 70% prescribed combination therapy, primarily for symptom severity (82.9%). The main reasons for not prescribing combination therapy were cost/insurance coverage (80%) and lack of information (53.3%).ConclusionsShared decision-making guided treatment decisions; the main considerations were treatment safety and efficacy.