人格特征与防御方式的相关研究

目的 :尝试用防御机制解释EPQ各维度的特征。方法 :采用EPQ人格问卷、DSQ防御方式问卷、16PF中的G量表对 2 2 0例成人进行测试。结果 :本样本中EPQ各维度与成熟防御方式均无显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,N维度和P维度均与不成熟防御方式、中间型防御方式有显著正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :本研究显示 ,可以用防御机制解释EPQ各维度的某些特征。     

齿龈内阿米巴的致病作用与致病机制的研究

在注射免疫抑制剂 1周后的大白鼠龈缘涂抹齿龈内阿米巴 (Emtamoebagingivalis ,E .g .) ,5天后 ,牙龈组织出现溃疡、牙周脓肿形成、脓液查见活E .g .、牙槽骨吸收等牙周炎病症。电镜术与生化分析发现 :E .g .伪足活跃、有丰富的溶酶体 ,所含水解酶与ACP显著较健康组高 (P <0 0 1) ,可使牙周组织溶解与受损。SOD较健康组显著性低 (P <0 0 1) ,MDA显著性增高 (P <0 0 1) ,说明E .g .感染产生较多氧自由基可使细胞膜受损 ,加上口腔共生菌的协同作用使免疫力低下的宿主发生牙周炎。     

Involvement of a Na−Ca exchange mechanism in contraction induced by low-Na solution in isolated guinea-pig aorta

The possibility of involvement of a Na–Ca exchange mechanism in the contractile responses induced by a reduction of external Na concentration ([Na]₀) has been studied in isolated guinea-pig aorta. Low-Na (11.9 mM) solution (Lisubstituted) produced a contraction in ouabain-treated muscles in the presence of phentolamine (10^–6 M). The magnitude of the contraction was dependent on the duration of the pretreatment with ouabain (2×10^–5 M). Ca-free solution, but not verapamil (10^–6 M), abolished the contraction induced by low-Na solution. The muscles were loaded with various amounts of Na by incubating the tissue with ouabain and varying [Na]₀ (11.9–148.7 mM) in the absence of Ca. The magnitude of the contractions induced in these muscles by low-Na solution containing Ca (2.5 mM) was dependent on the cellular Na content. Loss of cellular Na into low-Na solution followed a single exponential time course and the rate coefficient of Na-loss in the presence of external Ca was about twice as great as in the absence of Ca. Cellular⁴⁵Ca uptake in low-Na solution was significantly greater in Na-loaded tissues (pretreated with ouabain for 3 h) than in normal tissues. The⁴⁵Ca uptake in low-Na solution was not inhibited by verapamil. These results suggest that the contraction induced by low-Na solution is caused by a Ca influx which is dependent on internal Na (a Na–Ca exchange mechanism).     

TNF inhibits malaria hepatic stages in vitro via synthesis of IL-6

We examined the capacity of murine recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rmTNF) to induce an inhibitory effect at the hepatic stage on malaria induced by Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. When injected three times, 1.0 micrograms of rmTNF was found to protect 78% of mice against a sporozoite challenge. In contrast, whatever the dose and the schedule of administration, no inhibition was observed when purified hepatocyte cultures were infected with P. yoelii. The addition of non-parenchymal hepatic cells to hepatocyte cultures restored the capacity of TNF to modulate hepatic stage development, leading to up to 44% inhibition. Antibodies to interleukin 6 reversed the anti-parasite activity in the co-culture system.     

国际典型综合类科技期刊公众传播特点及对我国综合类科技期刊公众传播能力建设的启示

【目的】 分析国际顶级综合类科技期刊公众传播模式及特点,为我国科技期刊公众传播能力建设提供建议。【方法】 以Altmetric Top 100入选论文数量最多的Nature、Science和PNAS三刊为研究对象,剖析其在公众传播产品、媒体传播体系和新闻媒体人才支撑等方面的模式和特征。对照分析我国最有影响力的综合类科技期刊《国家科学评论》和《科学通报》的公众传播特点。【结果】 以《国家科学评论》和《科学通报》为代表的我国综合类科技期刊的公众传播能力提升迅速,但仍存在新闻传媒人才短缺、期刊集约化程度不高、公众传播机制尚未建立等问题。【结论】 我国综合类科技期刊需要着力增强传媒人才培育、集约化品牌发展、公众传播机制建设,以促进我国科技期刊公众传播能力提升。     

中药单体调控自噬干预胚胎植入的研究进展

胚胎植入是生殖过程中最关键的步骤之一,植入失败的胚胎无法继续发育,是导致不孕的重要原因之一。胚胎植入的成功依赖于子宫内膜的高容受性和具有植入能力的胚胎。自噬是细胞质、细胞器和内含物被双膜囊泡吸收并运输到溶酶体进行降解和再循环的过程,是一种维持内环境稳态的方式。大量证据表明,自噬在胚胎植入的各个环节有着重要的作用。基于此探讨了自噬与子宫内膜容受性和胚胎植入能力的关系,并根据最新的研究进展,梳理了大黄素、梓醇、芍药苷、白藜芦醇、叶酸、玉米赤霉烯酮、姜黄素、汉黄芩素、槲皮素、白杨素、小檗碱、芹菜素、菲西汀、山柰酚在内的14种中药单体调控自噬干预胚胎植入的不同环节的5个机制,包括促进子宫内膜基质细胞蜕膜化、促进细胞凋亡、调节激素水平、协调炎症、促进排卵,希望对今后中药单体提高胚胎植入的成功率提供参考及思路。     

杜仲及其有效成分治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制研究现状

膝骨关节炎（KOA）是中老年常见的退行性关节疾病,发病率随着人口老龄化程度加深及肥胖人群增加而不断增加,严重影响患者健康及日常生活。目前采用的非甾体类抗炎药、软骨保护类药物、阿片类镇痛药等对症治疗手段作用有限,且药物不良反应明显。杜仲是治疗KOA常用且有效的中药之一,但其作用机制和药效物质基础尚未明确,限制了其在临床更为广泛的运用。杜仲在KOA治疗领域的有效成分主要为环烯醚萜类（京尼平苷、杜仲苷/桃叶珊瑚苷）、木脂素类（松脂醇二葡萄糖苷）、黄酮类（槲皮素、紫云英苷、黄芩素、金丝桃苷、山柰酚）、苯丙素类（绿原酸）、杜仲多糖等化合物,他们主要通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、核转录因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B及等Janus激酶1/信号转导和转录激活因子3等信号通路,来调节炎性因子水平、抗氧化应激反应、保护软骨细胞、平衡细胞外基质合成与降解等,控制KOA病情进展。该文对杜仲及其有效成分在KOA治疗方面的作用机制进行了综述,以期为KOA新药研发提供理论依据。     

Anticancer Mechanism of Curcumin on Human Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and accounts for most adult brain tumors. Current available treatment options for GBM are multimodal, which include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, GBM remains largely resistant to treatment, with a poor median survival rate between 12 and 18 months. With increasing drug resistance, the introduction of phytochemicals into current GBM treatment has become a potential strategy to combat GBM. Phytochemicals possess multifarious bioactivities with multitarget sites and comparatively marginal toxicity. Among them, curcumin is the most studied compound described as a potential anticancer agent due to its multi-targeted signaling/molecular pathways properties. Curcumin possesses the ability to modulate the core pathways involved in GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, paraptosis, oxidative stress, and tumor cell motility. This review discusses curcumin’s anticancer mechanism through modulation of Rb, p53, MAPK, P13K/Akt, JAK/STAT, Shh, and NF-κB pathways, which are commonly involved and dysregulated in preclinical and clinical GBM models. In addition, limitation issues such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics perspectives strategies, and clinical trials were discussed.     

SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2的基因结构特点与致病机制

高致病性冠状病毒具有高发病率、高病死率以及全球大流行等特点,严重威胁人类健康,给社会经济带来巨大挑战。目前关于高致病冠状病毒的致病机制,主要从直接细胞病变效应和间接免疫病理损伤两方面进行讨论,但具体作用基因的研究尚需进一步深入。本文从高致病性冠状病毒的基因结构特点与致病机制的相关性进行综述,为预防和治疗高致病性冠状病毒感染提供参考。     

COVID-19对学术交流的影响及学术出版机构的应对举措

【目的】 研究COVID-19疫情暴发给学术交流及学术出版带来的深远影响。【方法】 利用文献调研法和案例分析法挖掘COVID-19疫情带来的学术环境变化,并探讨学术出版的整体变化趋势和国内外出版机构的应对方式。【结果】 COVID-19疫情改变了当前的学术交流环境:加速推进开放科学进程,快速传播的预出版模式受到青睐,开放评审促进快速学术交流,多项基金项目助力COVID-19科学研究,中国科研人员应对COVID-19反应积极而迅速。出版机构顺应学术出版的整体趋势,为科学共同体提供大量免费服务,扩大知识服务的目标群体,提供海量知识及COVID-19快速发表通道,我国出版机构应对COVID-19也采取了大量积极举措。【结论】 国内外出版机构应对突发事件时应建立学术出版应急机制,增强知识服务能力,促进知识创新及传播,以适应一个全新的快速发展的学术环境。