广藿香酮抗金黄色葡萄球菌分子机制的研究

目的 为了初步了解广藿香酮抗金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的分子机制。方法 本研究用琼脂稀释法测定广藿香酮的药物敏感性，通过对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923在1倍最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)广藿香酮药物浓度作用1h时进行转录组的高通量测序然后对数据进行KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)和GO(gene ontology)差异基因表达以及热图聚类分析。结果 药敏实验发现广藿香酮对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制活性，经广藿香酮处理后，筛选出225个差异表达的基因，发现广藿香酮使金黄色葡萄球菌膜蛋白的表达、蛋白质的合成发生变化，并且使葡萄糖以及多糖的转运和合成受到控制。结论 广藿香酮可能与金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞膜蛋白相互作用从而抑制细菌生长，为进一步的实验提供数据支持。     

Tumor‐educated myeloid cells: impact the micro‐ and macroenvironment

Immune escape mechanisms of cancers include some of the mechanisms normally used for immune homeostasis, particular those preventing autoimmunity; one of these is the polarisation of myeloid cells. Thereby, tumors, i.e. the cancerous and stromal cells, also condition distant sites like spleen and bone marrow via soluble factors and membrane vesicles such as exosomes in order to create a tumor‐educated macroenvironment. Albeit these mechanisms are currently in the focus of (tumor‐)immunologic research, the first evidence had been published almost 40 years ago. One of these early reports will be discussed here.     

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and hypertension: Pathogenic mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a chronic condition characterized by collapse of the pharynx during sleep, has been increasingly recognized as a health issue of growing importance over the last decade. Recently emerging evidence suggests that there is a causal link between OSAS and hypertension, and hypertension represents an independent risk factor in OSAS patients. However, the pathophysiological basis for patients with OSAS having an increased risk for hypertension remains to be elucidated. The main acute physiological outcomes of OSAS are intermittent hypoxia, intrapleural pressure changes, and arousal from sleep, which might induce endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic activation, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, lipid metabolism dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. This brief review focuses on the current understanding of the complex association between OSAS and hypertension.     

大学生学习动力分析

目的调查大学生学习动力现状,探讨其激励机制和方法、途径。方法通过自制问卷,调查某军医大学学员学习动力情况。结果大学生学习动力主要是自身前途(62.0%)、考试压力(47.2%)、兴趣爱好(38.0%)、父母要求(25.1%)、奖学金等荣誉(17.3%)、学校浓厚的学习氛围(11.2%);动力缺失的原因依次为对所学专业不感兴趣(48.4%)、学校学风不好(25.1%)、学习成绩好坏与就业前景无关(23.4%)、个人功底差,付出与成绩不成正比(23.1%),教师教学效果差(21.3%);大学生认为提升学习动力的方法依次为:提高教师授课水平(55.1%)、加强学术交流(49.4%)、营造良好校园文化氛围(49.0%)、改善学校软硬件设施(45.5%)、改革教学制度(44.0%)、组织课外科研竞赛及兴趣小组(41.0%)。结论针对学习动力缺失的原因,结合不同学生的具体情况,有针对性地建立激励机制,不断提升大学生的学习动力。     

导引术作用机制及临床应用

通过对导引术起源、作用机制及防病治病文献的总结论述,结合中医学理论与现代研究分析,揭示导引术防病治病的应用价值。导引术具有疏通经脉、行气活血、培护元气、扶正祛邪、舒筋通络及调整阴阳的作用,其精髓体现了中医学"天人相应"的整体观。导引术调摄身心,呼吸吐纳,配合运动和意念,动静结合,动中有静,刚柔并济,成为融合中医学与体育学的理念于一体的绿色、健康的特色疗法。导引术在防病治病方面具有一定的优势与特色,尤其在治未病及运动疗法的应用中彰显出现代医学不可替代的优势。在目前临床大量应用现代医学介入治疗的态势下,导引术为非损伤、免介入的绿色疗法,应当引起临床的关注与重视。     

Development toxicity of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on rare minnow embryos and larvae

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used in industrial and commercial applications, but few studies systematically evaluate their developmental toxicity on aquatic organism. Using rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) at early life stages as experimental models, developmental toxicity of functionalized single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) was investigated following exposure to 0–320?mg/L for 144?h. Results revealed that significantly increased in mortality and malformation was only observed after hatching. Decreased body length, heart rate and swimming speed provide a concentration-dependent manner on larvae; values of 144?h LC₅₀ and EC₅₀ were 140.8 and 109.8?mg/L, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) and antioxidant enzyme related mRNA expressions were significant changed; cell apoptosis activities (caspase-3, -8, -9) and cell apoptosis related mRNA expressions were significant up-regulated; reactive oxygen species and DNA damage were significantly induced when the concentration of SWCNTs above 100?mg/L. Fluorescence and electron microscopy sliced observation show that SWCNTs were well dispersed in larvae within 0.5?h, eventually cleared from the larvae at 144?h. This is the first study to define uptake kinetics and to focus on behavioral consequences, physiological changes and mRNA expression following SWCNTs exposure in the early life stages of fish. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that functionalized SWCNTs have the potential to affect aquatic life when released into the aquatic environment and reached high concentration. In the increasing economical context of SWCNTs, complementary studies must be undertaken, especially including mechanistic and environmental investigations.     

各国生物类似药沟通交流机制及生物类似药可互换性对比研究及建议

药品注册中的沟通交流对于控制风险、提高研发注册效率具有重要作用。对美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等国家生物类似药沟通交流机制进行对比研究,结合我国沟通交流的现状,问卷调研和专家研讨,提出完善我国生物类似药沟通交流机制的建议。各国对生物类似药的"可互换性"有着不同的界定和管理。对美欧等国家生物类似药的"可互换性"进行研究,结合问卷调研和专家研讨,提出完善我国生物类似药可互换性的建议。     

黄芪-莪术药对基于网络药理学的抗大肠癌分子机制

目的:运用计算机网络药理学技术预测黄芪-莪术药对治疗大肠癌的作用靶点和信号通路,进一步分析其抗大肠癌物质基础和作用机制。方法:通过Therapetutic Target Database(TTD),Drugbank数据库收集大肠癌疾病作用靶点;从中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)获得黄芪、莪术所含中药成分;运用Chem Mapper,Pharm Mapper数据库预测所选中药成分作用的疾病靶点;采用Cytoscape软件建立"化合物-疾病靶点"网络模型;利用Clue GO插件对靶点进行基因功能(GO)分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果:黄芪-莪术药对活性化合物-大肠癌疾病靶点网络包含56个化合物和54个靶点,关键靶点涉及AMP激活蛋白激酶α1(PRKAA1),前列腺素内过氧化物合酶1(PTGS1),环氧化酶2(PTGS2),胸苷酸合成酶(TYMS),肝羧酯酶1(CES1),血管内皮生长因子B(VEGFB),血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA),谷胱甘肽S-转移酶P(GSTP1),丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(gly A)等;靶点的基因功能偏向于肽基酪氨酸的磷酸化,调节细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK) 1和ERK2信号串联,内皮细胞凋亡过程的负调节等;重要的KEGG通路涉及癌症通路,Ras信号通路,Rap1信号通路,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路等。结论:黄芪-莪术药对通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖分化、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抗肿瘤新生血管生成以及增强机体免疫的多表型干预的网络模式产生抗大肠癌活性,其作用信号通路与Ras信号通路,Rap1信号通路,PI3K/Akt信号通路最为相关。     

中药药对治疗糖尿病肾病的药理作用及临床应用研究进展

中药药对是中医临证方剂配伍中画龙点睛之所在,目前关于中药治疗糖尿病肾病的相关研究较多,但主要聚焦在疗效观察和处方总结等方面,缺乏对中药作用机制的深入研究和归纳总结。中药药对与方剂相比化学成分少、组方形式单一、作用机制简单、干扰因素较少等。近年来中医在应用药对治疗糖尿病肾病方面积累了丰富的临床实践经验,不少研究者十分注重组方配伍时药对的应用及其作用规律,通过药对配伍实现多方面的优化组合,进一步提高中药复方的治疗效果。为了明确中药药对治疗糖尿病肾病的作用途径及靶点,本文通过系统地查阅和整理国内外相关文献资料,拟对近10年来经临床观察与动物实验证实对糖尿病肾病确有疗效的,以中医临证分型具有"调补脾肾""利水渗湿""活血化瘀"和"收敛固涩"功效的四类药对的组成规律及现代实验研究现状进行整理分析,总结其配伍原则与药物的化学成分、药代动力学变化及药对各中药不同配伍比例时化学成分的变化规律,以期为上述药对进一步的应用、研究及开发提供参考。