Potassium-induced relaxation in isolated cerebral arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2α

Summary In helically cut strips of canine cerebral arteries exposed to 5.4 mM [K⁺]_o and contracted with prostaglandin F₂, the addition of K⁺ in concentrations ranging from 0.5–5 mM caused a dose-related relaxation. The relaxing effect of K⁺ was potentiated at reduced [K⁺]_o and suppressed at reduced [Na⁺]_o. Reduction of Cl^– from bathing media failed to alter the effect of K⁺. Removal of external Ca²⁺ markedly attenuated the K⁺-induced relaxation and increase in [Ca²⁺]_o also attenuated the relaxation. Similar relaxation was induced by K⁺ in cerebral arteries from other species including humans, puppies, cats and rabbits. The addition of K⁺ also elicited a relaxation in peripheral arteries, including coronary, femoral, mesenteric and renal, contracted with prostaglandin, but this relaxation was markedly less than in cerebral arteries. The content of Na⁺ in freshly excised cerebral arteries was significantly greater than that of peripheral arteries, while the content of K⁺ in these arteries was not significantly different.The present study provides further evidence to support the hypothesis that an electrogenic Na⁺ pump is involved in the genesis of K⁺-induced relaxation. The Na⁺ pump does not appear to be fully activated at normal [K⁺]_o of 5.4 mM in cerebral arteries.     

Electromyograph Biofeedback: Generalization and the Relative Effects of Feedback, Instructions, and Adaptation

The present research describes two experiments. The first experiment examined training conditions designed to enhance generalization during electromyograph (EMG) biofeedback. Twelve female and 12 male subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: frontalis EMG biofeedback; frontalis, forearm extensor and masseter biofeedback; frontalis, forearm extensor and semispinalis/splenius biofeedback; and a no-feedback (instructions only) condition. EMG and heart rate were monitored during 3 training sessions. Although reliable decreases in EMG and heart rate were obtained, no differential effect of single- versus multiple-muscle biofeedback was observed; nor, indeed, were differences between biofeedback and no-feedback apparent. A second experiment was conducted to determine whether EMG and heart rate reductions reflected a general relaxation response or were simply due to the effects of adaptation. Twenty-four female subjects were randomly assigned to either a frontalis EMG biofeedback, a no-feedback or an adaptation control condition. Results indicated that decreases in frontalis EMG levels were due to the instructions to relax whereas heart rate decreases were attributable to adaptation. Equivalence between biofeedback and no-feedback conditions was again apparent. It was concluded that this finding raises serious questions about the presumed critical role of the feedback signal in EMG biofeedback.     

Training and Transfer of Training Effects in EMG Biofeedback Assisted Muscular Relaxation

Twenty-two normal adults participated in an electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback experiment designed to test if the feedback stimulus is necessary in obtaining EMG reductions during typical laboratory procedures, and if prior training on one muscle facilitates the training of a second muscle. One group of subjects received forearm feedback training followed by frontalis training. A second group received training in the reverse order. Two control groups relaxed first on their own followed by either forearm or frontalis training. Attention was directed toward motivating control subjects to perform maximally during relaxation without feedback. Heart and respiration rates and skin conductance and temperature were also recorded. Both trained and untrained subjects produced significant EMG reductions but did not differ from each other; nor did a transfer of training effect emerge. No differences resulted between feedback and non-feedback conditions for the other physiological measures or for changes in state anxiety. These data compromise somewhat the previous demonstrations of EMG biofeedback “learning,” and are unsupportive of EMG biofeedback as a general relaxation training technique.     

放松训练对慢性精神分裂症的康复效果观察

目的探讨放松训练技术对慢性精神分裂症病人康复的效果。方法60例慢性精神分裂症患者，随机分成实验组和对照组各30例，两组在接受常规治疗和护理的同时，实验组进行3个月的放松训练，采用阴性症状评定量表（SANS）和日常生活能力评定量表（ADL）评定其效果。结果治疗3个月后实验组SANS、ADL评分均低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论放松训练技术能显著改善精神分裂症患者的阴性症状和日常生活能力，对于恢复其社会功能，提高生活质量，延缓衰退，促进康复很有帮助。     

Left ventricular relaxation and filling pattern in diabetic heart muscle disease: An echocardiographic study

Summary In order to study left ventricular function digitized M-mode-echocardiograms were analyzed. 34 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (mean age 37.8 years, mean diabetes history 21.5 years) were compared with 35 healthy individuals (mean age 40.9 years). Only patients with negative exercise-ECG, normal 2-D-echocardiogram and normal systemic arterial blood pressure were enclosed.In diabetics the time-constant Te of free wall endocardial retraction was significantly prolonged (76.8±21.2 ms versus 64.0±7.9 ms in normals, p<0.005), the dimension change during early diastole (dD DS-ERF) was significantly reduced (54.5±13.1% versus 69.8±9% in normals, p<0.001) and the dimension change during atrial contraction phase (dD ACP) was significantly enlarged (23.4±14.4% versus 14.3±6.4% in normals, p<0.001).These data suggest that impaired left ventricular diastolic function can be found in patients with long standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Abbreviations EDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension - ESD left ventricular end-systolic dimension - Te time constant of posterior wall endocardial retraction - DS end of systole - ERF end of rapid filling - SFP slow filling phase - ACP atrial contraction phase - IVS interventricular septum - PW posterior wall - dD dimension change     

放松训练对哮喘病人干预效果的研究

为探讨放松训练对哮喘病人的干预效果,将３０例住院后第一周的哮喘病人随机分为实验组和对照组各１５例。在常规治疗的同时,实验组给予健康教育和渐进性肌肉放松训练;对照组只给予健康教育,分别于入院后第２天和第８天测量两组病人焦虑、抑郁、一秒用力呼出量（ＦＥＶ１）、最大呼气高峰流速（ＰＥＦＲ）及入院后１～２天和３～８天不同阶段哮喘发作次数。结果表明：①实验组的焦虑和抑郁值在采取措施后明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而对照组无明显降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）;②实验组ＦＥＶ１采取措施前后差值明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但ＰＥＦＲ改变差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）;③实验组前后两个阶段哮喘发作次数下降率（９２％）明显高于对照组（６１％）,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。据此认为放松训练可以减轻哮喘病人的不良心理反应,改善肺功能,降低哮喘发作次数     

Porosity expansion of tablets as a result of bonding and deformation of particulate solids

This paper describes the tabletting process of y-sorbitol on the basis of the stress-deformation curve. This curve distinguishes between small, elastic deformation and large, viscous deformation. Small deformations can be quantified by the dynamic Young's modulus. The results demonstrated an effect of both rate of strain and initial particle size on the Young's modulus. The yield strength of compacts is a quantification of large deformations. There appeared to be an effect of strain rate on yield strength, but no clear relation between initial particle size and yield strength. The study relates elastic deformation with storage of elastic energy. The amount of stored energy was found to increase with compaction speed, and is postulated to be the driving force for changes of tablet porosities after compression. The attraction between particles causes resistance against porosity expansion, and is defined as expansion capacity. The expansion capacity showed no relation to compaction speed. It is therefore concluded that the effect of compaction speed on tablet properties is purely an effect of the amount of stored energy. The reciprocal value of expansion capacity demonstrated a direct relation with the constant that fits the relation between tablet strength and porosity. The expansion capacity is hence a quantification of bonding.     

1-(4-烃氧基)苄基四氢异喹啉类化合物及相关化合物的合成与生物活性

以有心血管活性的异喹啉生物碱为先导物,设计合成了15个3,4-二氢(II_1,2)和1,2,3,4-四氢-(4-烃氧基)苄基四氢异喹啉化合物(II_3～15)。药理实验表明:大部分化合物有舒张血管条作用,其中化合物II₉对低钾诱导的血管收缩有较强的抑制作用,而对高钾诱导的血管收缩无作用,对硝酸乌头碱诱发的大鼠室性心律失常有明显保护作用。     

Effects of isoquinoline derivatives, HA1077 and H-7, on cytosolic Ca level and contraction in vascular smooth muscle

The effects of isoquinoline derivatives, HA1077 (1-[5-isoquinolinesulfonyl]-homopiperazine) and H-7 (1-[5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperazine), on cytosolic Ca²⁺ levels ([Ca²⁺]_i) and muscle tension were examined in vascular smooth muscle of rat aorta. High K⁺ (72.7 mM) and norepinephrine (1 μM) induced a sustained contraction with a sustained increase in [Ca²⁺]_i. HA1077 and H-7 (3–10 μM) inhibited the increse in muscle tension more strongly than the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i. Verapamil (10 μM) completely inhibited the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i and the contraction induced by K⁺ whereas it inhibited the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i more strongly than the contraction due to norepinephrine. The verapamil-insensitive portion of the norepinephrine-induced contraction was inhibited by HA1077 or H-7. In Ca²⁺-free solution, 0.1 μM norepinephrine induced a transient increase in [Ca²⁺]_i and muscle tension. The transient contraction was inhibited by 10 μM HA1077 or 10 μM H-7 without inhibiting the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB) (1 μM) caused a sustained contraction, and this contraction was inhibited by HA1077 and H-7 at similar concentrations needed to inhibit the contractions induced by high K⁺ or norepinephrine. In rabbit mesenteric artery permeabilized with Staphylococcus aureus -toxin, 100 μM HA1077 and 100 μM H-7 inhibited the contraction induced by 0.3 μM Ca²⁺. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of isoquinoline derivatives, HA1077 and H-7, are due to a decrease in [Ca²⁺]_i and in the Ca²⁺ sensitivity of contractile elemenst in vascular smooth muscle.     

认知行为干预疗法控制晚期癌痛的临床研究

目的 研究认知行为干预疗法对缓解癌痛及提高晚期癌症患者生活质量的作用。方法 188例晚期癌症患者中,伴有癌痛的患者164例,占87.23％(164/188)。每位患者给予认知行为干预治疗20d,观察治疗前后疼痛缓解情况及生活质量改善情况。结果 癌症疼痛控制总有效率达57.3％(部分缓解51.2％,完全缓解6.1％);其中轻、中、重度疼痛的缓解率分别为93.8％(30/32)、67.5％(52/77)和21.8％(12/55)。在188例晚期癌症患者中,经认知行为干预治疗后69.7％以上患者的生活质量可以提高。结论 认知行为干预疗法对癌痛,尤其是轻、中度癌痛有较好的疗效,并可提高晚期癌症患者的生活质量。